Using extracorporeal circulation for cardiopulmonary bypass is the first step for the successful cardiac surgery, and the blood pump is the key component in extracorporeal circulation devices, the control and measurement of mechanical-fluid parameters such as flow rate and pressure are very important to guarantee the successful cardiac surgery. This paper reviews several control methods of the blood pump based on the flow rate/pressure, heart rate, ventricular work and blood assist index, and also discusses the direct and indirect measurements of the flow rate and pressure. This review concludes with the main possible trends for the further development of the blood pump control and testing methods.
Equipment Design ; Extracorporeal Circulation ; instrumentation ; Heart-Assist Devices

Objective To detect the levels of the mRNA expression of TIM-3,TIM-1,T-bet,GATA-3,IFN-γ,IL-4 and Galectin-9 in the peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs) of the patients with Graves disease(GD),and to explore their potential role in the pathogenesis of GD.Methods We used fluorescence quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to measure the mRNA expression of TIM-3,TIM-1 and other associated genes in PBMCs of 70 patients with GD and 22 healthy controls.In addition,we analyzed the relationship of TIM-3,TIM-1 and other associated genes.Results The expression of TIM-3 and TIM-1 mRNA in the PBMCs from GD patients were abnormally higher,the GD patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy group had significantly higher level of TIM-3 mRNA expression than that of GD patients without Graves' ophthalmopathy group,but no statistically significant difference was found in the expression of TIM-1 mRNA.Untreated GD patients had significantly higher level of TIM-3 mRNA expression than that of GD patients in recurrence group,however the expression of TIM-1 mRAN was opposite.But no statistically significant difference was found in TIM-3 mRNA expression of recovery GD patient and healthy control group.Though the expression of TIM-1 mRNA was significantly decreased,it was still higher than that of the normal control group.Conclusion TIM-3 and TIM-1 may participate in the occurrence,development and turnover of GD.TIM-3 or TIM-1 may prove to be an important target for developing new drugs and treatments to GD.

BACKGROUND: Documents recorded that the correlation between micro emulsion Ciclosporin peak concentration (C_2) and area under curve was best with maximum individual difference. According to C_2, dose of Ciclosporin can be adjusted indMdually to decrease acute rejection and Ciclosporin toxicity, which has widely used in perioperative stage of renal transplanted recipients. However, some transplantation center still used tough concentration (C_0) to adjust the dose of Ciclosporin in stable stage of renal transplanted recipients. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the efficacy and safety of changing from monitoring C_0 to C_2 in stable stage recipients following renal transplantation. METHODS: Totally 65 patients with renal transplantation were enrolled in this study, including 31 males and 34 females, aged 20-57 (39.4±15.3) years. Within 3 months prior to this study, all patients did not suffered from rejection, and their serum creatinine and urea nitrogen were stable (creatinine ≤180 μmol/L). They were in stable stage after renal transplantation. Their period of transplantation and function of allograft were recorded. Their C_0 and C_2 of Ciclosporin were assayed. According to the target C_2 value 500-600 μg/L, the patients were prospectively and randomly divided into 3 groups. In the high C_2 group (n=17), the dose of Ciclosporin was decreased. In the target C_2 group (n=23), the dose of Ciclosporin was remained. In the low C_2 group (n=25), the dose of Ciclosporin was increased. All of the patients were followed-up for 12 months. The grafts function and the complications of heart, lung and brain were compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: According to the target concentration of Ciclosporin C_2, the dose of Ciclosporin in the high C_2 group was decreased by 575.0 mg. The Creatinine and urea nitrogen of 88% patients were stable, while blood pressure, blood fat and blood uric acid decreased in parts of patients. In the target C_2 group, the levels of creatinine, urea nitrogen, Co and C_2 of patients were stable, no complications of heart, lung and brain occurred. According to the target concentration of Ciclosporin C_2, the dose of Ciclosporin in low C_2 group was increased by 755.0 mg. The creatinine and urea nitrogen of 84% patients were stable. All of the patients were no complications of heart, lung and brain. It is safe and effective to adjust Ciclospori dose under C_2 monitoring according to the target peak concentration (500-600 μg/L) in most stable stage recipients following renal transplantation.

Objective To explore the effect of head nurses′tutoring and commenting on nursing ward round. Methods The nursing ward rounds performed during August 2013 to July 2014 were assigned as the control group and those nursing ward rounds during August 2014 to August 2015 as observation group: in the former group routine nursing ward rounds were done once a week and in the latter the rounds were performed by head nurses′tutoring and commenting once every week. The two groups were compared in terms of examination performances of nursing ward rounds, doctors′ and nurses′ satisfaction degree, nurses′ and student nurses′evaluation on the ward rounds and their critical thinking ability. Results The examination performances and the satisfaction degree in the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The nurses in the observation group thought the head nurse′s commenting at ward rounds could be more effective than those from the control group in their improvement of theoretical knowledge and clinical ability (P<0.05). In terms of critical thinking by California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory-Chinese Version), the total score and the scores on its dimensions in the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group. Conclusion The nursing ward rounds by head nurses′tutoring and commenting can help the nurses to strengthen their ability in nursing ward rounds and improve their theory and clinical practice so that the nursing quality is improved.

Objective To investigate the levels of the mRNA expression of TIM-3 and Galectin-9 in peripheral blood mono-cytes (PBMCs)of acute exacerbation asthma patients and their clinical significances.Methods 60 patients with acute exac-erbation asthma (eliminating 15 cases of non-conform to the regulations)and 30 cases of healthy subjects were collected from January to October of 2014.Used fluorescence quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to measure the mRNA expression of TIM-3 and Galectin-9 in PBMCs of patients with asthma and healthy controls.Results The expression of TIM-3,Galectin-9 and IFN-γmRNA in the PBMCs from acute exacerbation asthma patients were all ab-normally higher than healthy controls (U =458.5,P =0.019;U =437.5,P =0.010;U =260,P <0.001).There were statis-tically significant differences between them.Conclusion TIM-3/Galectin-9 pathway may participate in the occurrence,devel-opment of asthma.TIM-3 or (and)Galectin-9 may prove to be an important target for treatments to asthma.

Objective To explore the expression of anti-MICA antibodies and evaluate its influence on acute rejection and renal function in early period after renal transplantation. Methods A total of 29 sensitized subjects (PRA＞20 %) were enrolled in this study. All the patients underwent protein A immunoabsorption treatment and the expression of anti-MICA antibodies was detected before and after treatment. Triple immunosuppressive regimen consisting of tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and steroid was given to prevent graft rejection. The correlation between the expression of anti-MICA antibodies and acute rejection or serum creatinine (SCr) level was analyzed.Results The expression of anti-MICA antibodies was detected in 8 candidates (27. 6 % ,8/29) ,and 6 kinds of anti-MICA antibodies simultaneously expressed were found in one individual, 3 kinds in one case,and sole kind in 6 patients. There was no significant difference in acute rejection rate between positive anti-MICA antibodies group and negative group [37.5 % (3/8) vs 38. 1% (8/21), P＞0.05). The positive expression rate of anti-MICA antibodies in the recipients with PRA ≥40% was higher than that in those with PRA ＜40% [43. 8 % (7/16) vs 7. 7 % (1/13),P＜0.05]. The SCr level in patients positive for anti-MICA antibodies was markedly higher than that in those negative anti-MICA antibodies at the 1st week postoperatively ( 135.4 ± 21.4 vs 108. 6 -+ 31.6 μmol/L, P＜0.05). The SCr level in the patients with positive anti-MICA antibodies, however, was reduced to the normal range at the 2nd week after surgery (P＞0.05). The levels of anti-MICA antibodies were continuously decreased in the candidates undergoing protein A irnmunoadsorption treatment. Conclusion Higher expression of anti-MICA antibodies exists in sensitized recipients and possesses an influence on the recovery of renal function in early postoperative period. Protein A immunoadsorption can eliminate anti-MICA antibodies effectively in sensitized recipients.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of bilateral native pelvic and ureteral transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) in renal transplant patients. Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out on 16 patients with bilateral native pelvic and ureteral TCC after kidney transplantation.The mean time between transplantation and diagnosis of upper urinary TCC was 56. 2 ± 33. 0 months.Two patients were suffered from bilateral upper urinary TCC at the same time. The mean interval between 2 upper urinary tract operations of the remaining 14 cases was 8. 6 ± 6. 7 months. Hematuria and hydronephrosis of native kidneys were the main symptoms and targets in checkup. Intravesical chemotherapy was postoperatively given. Results All operations were performed successfully. All specimens obtained from the operations were pathologically diagnosed as TCC. The TCC location involved pure native pelvis (n = 4), pure native ureter (n = 9), and pelvis combined with ureter (n = 19). Pelvic TCC pathological grades included grade 1 in 8 cases, grade 2 in 11 cases, and grade 3 in 4 cases; Ureteral TCC grades included grade 1 in 6 cases, grade 2 in 10 cases, and grade 3 in 12 cases.Patients were followed up for 26. 8 ± 25. 1 months. One patient died of lung metastasis. (One case of lumbar soft tissue transfer was given local excision. The remaining patients had no recurrence and metastasis. Conclusion Renal transplant patients with hematuria and native renal hydronephrosis should be highly vigilant of the occurrence of upper urinary tract TCC. TCC after renal transplantation is invasive. Prophylactic contralateral nephroureterectomy should be performed on the recipients having TCC at the bladder and one side of native upper urinary tract.

Using extracorporeal circulation for cardiopulmonary bypass is the first step for the successful cardiac surgery, and the blood pump is the key component in extracorporeal circulation devices,the control and measurement of mechanical-fluid parameters such as flow rate and pressure are very important to guarantee the successful cardiac surgery. This paper reviews several control methods of the blood pump based on the flow rate/pressure,heart rate, ventricular work and blood assist index,and also discusses the direct and indirect measurements of the flow rate and pressure. This review concludes with the main possible trends for the further development of the blood pump control and testing methods.

Patients with Bloom syndrome (BS) show an immunodeficiency, an enhanced sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), a strong genetic instability and an increased predisposition to all. In order to investigate the differential expression of BLM protein in hematopoietic tumor cell strains and study the effects of BLM gene on ultraviolet (UV)- or hydroxyurea (HU)-induced apoptosis, Western blot was used to detect the expression of BLM protein in normal human bone marrow mononuclear cells and 4 kinds of hematopoietic tumor cell strains. The 4 kinds of hematopoietic tumor cells were exposed to UV light with a germicidal UV lamp or treated with 2 mmol/L hydroxyurea and the apoptotic rate was detected by using AnnexinV-FITC. The results showed that these tumor cells ex- pressed BLM protein higher than the normal human bone marrow mononuclear cells (P＜0.01). In the 4 hematopoietic tumor cells, BLM protein was all specially cleaved in response to UV- or HU-induced apoptosis. The increase of BLM protein expression may play an important role in the evelopment of these tumors, and BLM proteolysis is likely to be a general feature of the apoptotic esponse.

adjunct to cytology screening, especially high-risk patients.