Objective To study the cytochemical changes of hepatocytes in mice exposed to hypoxia. Methods The mice were divided into two groups(n=45, all males, hypoxia group=36, control group=9). The mice of the hypoxia group lived in hypoxia (O 2:10%). Using imaging analytical instrument LEICA-500IW, We observed cytochemical changes of the hepatocytes. The PAS, LDH, cytochrome oxidase, Mg 2+ dependent ATPase activity of hepatocytes was assayed. Results Compared with the controls, the LDH activity of hepatocytes increased dramatically, the longer the hypoxic time, the higher the LDH activity of the hepatocytes; the cytochrome oxidase activity of hepatocytes decreased sharply, the longer the hypoxic time, the lower the cytochrome oxidase activity of the hepotocytes.Conclusion Hypoxia can injury the hepatocytes of the mice and result in sharp changes of the hepatic cytochemistry.;

Objective:To establish a mouse model of gastric cancer by inoculating MKN45 cells into mice with normal immune function utilizing microcarrier technology. Methods:A total of 60 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups, namely, 2D, con-trol, and 3D groups, according to the coculture system of MKN45 and microcarrier. The mouse models of gastric carcinoma were estab-lished by hypodermic injection. The time of tumorigenesis, rate of tumor formation, and pathological features were observed in each group. Results:In the 3D group, the time of tumor formation was short, whereas the rate of tumor formation was high (80%). No de-tectable tumor formations were observed in the 2D and control groups. HE and immunohistochemical staining of the transplantation tumor model showed evident characteristics of human gastric cancer. Conclusion:A human gastric cancer model in normal immune mice was successfully established. The onset and development mechanism of gastric cancer could be more effectively investigated in mice with normal immune function through this model. Moreover, a more valuable and new animal model for the research and devel-opment of anticancer drug was established.

BACKGROUNDThe prevalence of sleep disorders has been shown to be high in patients with chronic dialysis patients and may contribute to impaired quality of life and higher mortality in this population. However, there are few data on the relationship of sleep disorders and their risk factors in chronic dialysis patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of sleep disorders and their risk factors in chronic dialysis patients.

METHODSA total of 42 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients were involved in this cross-sectional study. Sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Restless legs syndrome (RLS) was diagnosed according to the criteria of the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group. And depression was assessed by Hamilton depression scale. General information and laboratory data were collected.

RESULTSThe prevalence of sleep disorders was 47.6% in the CAPD patients. According to the PSQI, the 42 CAPD patients were divided into sleep disturbance group and non-sleep disorders group. There were no significant differences in age, gender, dialysis duration, hemoglobin, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, β2-microglobulin, parathyroid hormone, calcium, and phosphorus between CAPD patients with sleep disorders and those without sleep disorders. But the level of serum albumin (Alb) in CAPD patients with sleep disorders was significantly lower than that in CAPD patients without sleep disorders (31.3 ± 1.4 vs. 34.3 ± 3.7, t = 3.603, P = 0.001) . And the prevalence of RLS and depression was significantly higher than that in CAPD patients without sleep disorders (RLS: 11/22 vs. 1/20, χ(2) = 10.395, P = 0.001; depression: 7/22 vs. 1/20, χ(2) = 4.886, P = 0.027). In CAPD patients with RLS, the prevalence of sleep disorders was significantly higher than that in CAPD patients without RLS (11/22 vs. 11/30, χ(2) = 10.395, P = 0.001). And in CAPD patients with depression, the prevalence of sleep disorders was significantly higher than that in CAPD patients without depression (7/8 vs. 15/34, χ(2) = 4.886, P = 0.027). In CAPD patients, bivariate correlation analysis showed that sleep disorders was negatively correlated with serum Alb (r = -0.606, P = 0.000) and positively correlated with RLS (r = 0.497, P = 0.001) and depression (r = 0.341, P = 0.029). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the odds ratio of RLS, depression, and low serum Alb was 22.900, 42.209, and 0.597, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of sleep disorders was relatively high in CAPD patients. RLS, depression, and low serum Alb were the risk factors for CAPD patients with sleep disorders.

Adult ; Aged ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depressive Disorder ; blood ; complications ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; adverse effects ; Quality of Life ; Restless Legs Syndrome ; blood ; complications ; epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Serum Albumin ; metabolism ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; blood ; epidemiology ; etiology

Objective To establish a new patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model of human liver cancer by inoculating the complex of human primary liver cancer cells and a novel microcarrier (microcarrier 6) into mice with normal immune function. Methods Primary liver cancer cells were isolated and extracted from the fresh human liver cancer tissue of five patients and were then co-cultured with microcarrier 6 to construct a three-dimensional tumor cell culture model in vitro . According to the type of graft, 75 male C57BL/6 mice were divided into cell control group, microcarrier control group, and experimental group (each sample corresponded to three groups, with 15 groups in total and 5 mice in each group). The liver cancer cell-microcarrier complex was implanted into the mice by subcutaneous inoculation, and tumor formation time, tumor formation rate, and histopathological manifestations were observed. The Fisher's exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. Results As for the liver cancer cells from the five patients, tumor formation was observed in the mice corresponding to three patients. In these three experiments, tumor formation was not observed in the control groups and was only observed in the experimental groups, and 12 of the 15 mice in the experimental groups had successful tumor formation, with a tumor formation rate as high as 80%, which was significantly different from that in the cell control groups and the microcarrier control groups (all P < 0.05). The tumor formation time was 5-7 days; the xenograft tumor grew rapidly, and HE staining showed nested or flaky cells with obvious heteromorphism, with the presence of pathological mitosis; immunohistochemical staining showed positive CK8/18, Hep, and Gpc-3, which was in accordance with the characteristics of human liver cancer cells. Conclusion This experiment successfully establishes a new PDX model of human liver cancer based on the complex of microcarrier 6 and human primary liver cancer cells in mice with normal immunity. This model can be used to better elucidate the mechanism of the development and progression of liver cancer in the body with normal immunity, and besides, it also provides a new animal model with higher value for the precise treatment of liver cancer.

OBJECTIVEThis study was conducted to analyze the Ki-67 expression before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and clinicopathological characteristics of different biological breast cancer phenotypes. The significance and prognostic predictive value of the changes of Ki-67 expression in different biological breast cancer phenotypes were analyzed.

METHODSA regression analysis was performed on 178 patients with invasive breast carcinoma who accepted neoadjuvant chemotherapy at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital from August 2007 to August 2008. These patients were subtyped by hormone receptor status and HER-2 status. The Ki-67 index (percentage of Ki-67-positive cancer cell nuclei) was determined by immunohistochemistry. The prognostic value of Ki-67 index for disease-free survival (DFS) in different biological breast cancer phenotypes was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival and multivariable Cox regression.

RESULTSThe overall pathologic CR (pCR) rate, defined as no invasive residuals in the breast and axilla, was 15.2%. The highest pCR rate of 25.0% was observed in the TNBC patients, which was 14.3%, 10.3% and 18.2% in the luminal A, luminal B and HER2 overexpressing patients, respectively (P = 0.040). The changes of Ki-67 expression in pre-NAC and post-NAC patients showed a prognostic significance in luminal A and TNBC (P = 0.019 and P = 0.022, respectively) cases. Clinical stage, the efficacy of NAC, and changes of Ki-67 expression between pre- and post-NAC were independent prognostic factors in TNBC patients who did not achieve pCR.

CONCLUSIONSThe Ki-67 expression after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is an independent prognostic factor affecting the disease-free survival (DFS) in TNBC patients who have not achieved pCR.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; therapy ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ki-67 Antigen ; metabolism ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Phenotype ; Prognosis ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; Receptors, Estrogen ; Receptors, Progesterone

Background: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) strategies in COVID-19 patients differ from those in patients suffering from cardiogenic cardiac arrest. During CPR, both healthcare and non-healthcare workers who provide resuscitation are at risk of infection. The Working Group for Expert Consensus on Prevention and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for Cardiac Arrest in COVID-19 has developed this Chinese Expert Consensus to guide clinical practice of CPR in COVID-19 patients. Main recommendations: 1) A medical team should be assigned to evaluate severe and critical COVID-19 for early monitoring of cardiac-arrest warning signs. 2) Psychological counseling and treatment are highly recommended, since sympathetic and vagal abnormalities induced by psychological stress from the COVID-19 pandemic can induce cardiac arrest. 3) Healthcare workers should wear personal protective equipment (PPE). 4) Mouth-to-mouth ventilation should be avoided on patients suspected of having or diagnosed with COVID-19. 5) Hands-only chest compression and mechanical chest compression are recommended. 6) Tracheal-intubation procedures should be optimized and tracheal-intubation strategies should be implemented early. 7) CPR should be provided for 20-30 min. 8) Various factors should be taken into consideration such as the interests of patients and family members, ethics, transmission risks, and laws and regulations governing infectious disease control. Changes in management: The following changes or modifications to CPR strategy in COVID-19 patients are proposed: 1) Healthcare workers should wear PPE. 2) Hands-only chest compression and mechanical chest compression can be implemented to reduce or avoid the spread of viruses by aerosols. 3) Both the benefits to patients and the risk of infection should be considered. 4) Hhealthcare workers should be fully aware of and trained in CPR strategies and procedures specifically for patients with COVID-19.