Microfluidics-based digital PCR depends on microfluidic chip to split PCR reaction mixture into many tiny equal-volume units.Quantitative assessment of target DNA template can be obtained by counting the number of fluorescence-positive units after thermocycling.Microfluidics-based digital PCR exhibits many advantages including absolute quantification, high sensitivity and accuracy, and shows great promise in a variety of applications, such as infectious diseases diagnose, early cancer detection and prenatal diagnose. There are already several microfludics-based digital PCR products produced from sereval companies.It is believed that as the technology improves, microfluidics-based digital PCR will find broader applications and become the next-generation tool for genetic tests.

Objective To investigate the composition and diversity of acaroid mite community in the house in Xuancheng area in Anhui province.Methods The dust samples from 4 sites selected in each house were collected in June-July,2006,acaroid mites were isolated,counted and identified.Results 3 386 acaroid mites were obtained,belong to 6 families,12 genera and 14 species.The species richness index Rmargalef for the four habitats ranged from 0.73 to 1.75,while the species diversity index(Shannon-Wiener index) ranged from 1.36 to 1.87 and Pielou index ranged from 0.70 to 0.92.Conclusion The results of the present paper show that the habitat condition is the main factor that can directly influence the community structure and diversity of acaroid mites in the houses and the human activity is also an influencing factor to be reckoned with.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the extraction technology of polysaccharides from Cipangopaludina chinesis by enzyme method. METHODS:The papain enzymolysis extraction was performed. On the basis of single factors tests,taking the yield of polysaccharides as the index,four factors including enzyme concentration,pH,enzymolysis temperature and enzymolysis time in the extraction process were optimized by the orthogonal test,and verification was carried out. RESULTS:The optimal technology by enzyme method was as follows as enzyme concentration of 1.0%,pH of 7.0,enzymolysis temperature of 55 ℃ and enzymoly-sis time of 3.0 h. Under this technology,the average yield of polysaccharides was 4.98%(RSD=2.51%,n=3)and the content of polysaccharides was 73.54%(RSD=1.36%,n=3). CONCLUSIONS:The optimal extraction technology of polysaccharides from C. chinesis was simple,reasonable and feasible.

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of intravitreal injection of conbercept for wet age-related macular degeneration.Methods Retrospective clinical study.Sixty eyes of 60 cases diagnosed as wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) definitely were intravitreally injected conbercept 0.5 mg from March 2014 to March 2016.Follow-up time was 6 months to 12 months,averaged (8.5 ± 2.4) months.Visual acuity (ETDRS charts letter),central macular thickness (CMT),leakage of choroidal neovasculaxization (CNV) and area of CNV and complications before and after the treatment were analyzed.Results Conbercept injection therapeutic times were 1-5,the average therapeutic times were 2.80 ± 0.89.At 1 month,2 months,3 months and 6 months after treatment and the last follow up,the mean letter of ETDRS charts increased (14.76 ± 5.89) letters,(19.88 ± 7.13) letters,(24.75 ± 6.74) letters,(23.94 ±6.15) letters,(22.89 ± 8.53) letters compared with pre-operation,respectively (all P ＜0.05).CMT decreased (70.19 ± 60.56) μm,(82.07 ± 57.97) μm,(95.40 ± 87.92) μm,(97.57 ± 46.68) μm,(107.46 ± 56.82) μm compared with pre-operation,respectively (all P ＜ 0.05).Before treatment,the area of CNV leakage was (12.32 ± 5.67) mm2,and at postoperative 3 months,6months the area were statistically significant different (all P ＜ 0.05).Four cases had subconjunctival flake bleeding,intraocular pressure increased slightly in 3 cases and they all recovered at 1 week after treatment.There was no serious ocular and system complication.Conclusion Intravitreal injection of conbercept for wet AMD can improve the visual acuity,decrease CMT and inhibit the CNV regression without serious complication.

Objective To investigate the carboprost ammonia butyl alcohol three plus motherwort injection on prevention of high risk maternal postpartum hemorrhage effect .Methods 120 cases of cesarean section operation and potential bleeding symptom of women were selected as the research object ,and randomly divided into two groups , the observation group of 60 cases using carboprost ammonia butyl alcohol three joint of leonurus heterophyllus injec -tion for prevention and treatment ,the control group of 60 cases used oxytocin for prevention and treatment ,prevention and treatment effects were compared between the two groups .Results After treatment,the observation group 2h,24h postpartum hemorrhage were (422.41 ±213.49)mL,(35.29 ±16.44)mL,were significantly less than those in the control group (589.64 ±345.21)mL,(69.31 ±29.47)mL(t=6.732,8.915,all P<0.05);the observation group 1 cases without production after bleeding ,control group 5 cases of postpartum hemorrhage ,statistically significant differ-ences between the two groups (χ2 =4.973,P<0.05).Conclusion Carboprost ammonia butyl alcohol three plus motherwort injection on prevention of high risk maternal postpartum hemorrhage has a significant effect ,which can re-duce the cesarean section uterine bleeding and reduce the amount of bleeding ,promote uterine involution ,conducive to maternal rehabilitation .

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Objective To investigate the effect of globular adiponectin on the high expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) induced by high glucose in rat renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK52E),and its relationship with adiponectin receptors and p38MAPK.Methods NRK52E cells were cultured in vitro and divided into six groups:normal glucose group (NG,5.6 mmol/L glucose),high glucose group(HG,25 mmol/L glucose),gAd groupl (HG+gAd 2 mg/L),gAd group2 (HG+gAd 5 mg/L),gAd group3 (HG+gAd 10 mg/L),p38MAPK antagonist group:(SB,HG+SB203580 10 μmol/L).The protein expression of phosphorylated p38MAPK (p-p38MAPK),total p38MAPK (t-p38MAPK),MCP-1 and AdipoR1/AdipoR2 were examined by western blotting.The mRNA expression of MCP-1 and AdipoR1/AdipoR2 were detected by RT-PCR and real-time PCR respectively.Results Compared with NG group,the mRNA and protein expression of MCP-1 increased significantly in HG group (all P＜ 0.05).The phosphorylation of p38MAPK increased (P＜ 0.05) with no change in t-p38MAPK protein.The addition of gAd or SB203580 inhibited the unregulation of MCP-1 and p-p38MAPK induced by HG.Two kinds of adipoR,adipoR1 and adipoR2,were all detectable in NG group,and mRNA and protein expression of adipoR1 was higher than that of adipoR2 (P＜ 0.01).Compared with NG group,the expression of adipoR decreased in HG group,but the difference had no statistical significance(P ＞ 0.05).Compared to HG group,the mRNA and protein expression of adipoR1 increased in gAd groups (all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The gAd can dose-dependently attenuate the overexpression of MCP-1 induced by high glucose,and this protective effect may be mediated by adipoR1 and p38MAPK.

Objective To describe the status of nurses′professional identity and the self-concept and to explore the relationship between nurses′professional identity and the self-concept. This will be the base for intervening nurses′professional identity. Methods A convenience sample of 250 nurses from one major hospital in Beijing was recruited. The Macleod Clark Professional Identity Scale and the Professional Self-Concept Instrument were introduced. A standard translation procedure was carried out. Results A total of 250 questionnaires were sent out, 241 questionnaires were withdrawed with an effective rate of 96.4%. The mean score of nurses′professional identity was 42.54±8.70, which was at moderate level. The mean score of nurses′professional self-concept was 86.28 ±22.86, also at moderate level, among which,knowledgescores highest (25.91±6.00), leadership scored 20.84±8.02, inter-personal relationship scored (20.28±4.18), caring scored the lowest (19.25±4.67). There was significant difference among the professional identity in the different departments (P<0.05) , while the same results were not seen in professional self-concept. Nurses′professional identity was positively correlated with professional self-concept′s four dimensions (P<0.05). Conclusions The nurse managers should pay attention to the cultivation of professional self-concept in the training of nurses in order to improve the professional identity of nurses and the whole nurses′development.

Objective To investigate the problems existing in hospital transfusion records,analyze unreasonable factors,and improve the quality of blood transfusion.Methods Investigation of our hospital from January 2016 to January 2017 with blood transfusion medical records,according to hospitalization number,900 cases were selected,using random number table.Investigating blood transfusion records on each record integrity,according toGuidelines for Surgical and Traumatic Blood Transfusion and Internal medicine transfusion guide in clinical blood transfusion technical specifications.The common blood components such as red blood cells,plasma and cryoprecipitate infusion and rationality evaluation.Results There were 583 surgical departments and 557 non-surgical departments.There was a significant difference between the surgical department and the non-surgical department.The reasonable rate of non-operation department was higher than that of the operation department (x2 =7.723,P=0.021).The rational rate of the department was 93.8％,while the operation department was only 88.0％;900 blood transfusion records of four kinds of blood components of the rationality of the difference was statistically significant (x2=214.767,P＜0.001).Non-surgical department of erythrocyte,plasma,cold precipitate reasonable rate than the surgical department;900 medical records in 55 records failed,mainly after the assessment of incomplete blood transfusion,no recorded blood transfusion reaction.There were significant differences in the failure rate between the surgical department and the non-surgical department (x2 =4.613,P=0.032).Conclusion Some physicians transfusion indications,for evaluation before and after blood transfusion blood insufficient attention to curative effect evaluation,blood transfusion is not reasonable,and in the operation department,do not take the blood transfusion medical record writing,hospitals should strengthen the blood transfusion blood transfusion continuously improve the scientific and normative management.

AIM:To investigate the mechanism of apoptosis during the process of adult rat mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)differentiating into neuron-like cells in vitro.METHODS:The MSCs were isolated primarily from adult rats bone marrow by density gradient and then expanded in medium as undifferentiated cells for 3-5 generations.The MSCs were divided into three groups at random.The control group was induced with ?-mercaptoethanol(?-ME).Meanwhile,the U0126 group was given ?-ME and U0126(10 ?mol/L)added at the beginning of induction.The PMA groups were treated with ?-ME and different concentrations of PMA since pre-induction.The effects of U0126 and PMA on the activity of neuron-like cells were observed by MTT.The effects of U0126 and PMA on the expression of neuron specific marker nestin and expression of apoptosis-related protein caspase,Bcl-2,Bax in neuron-like cells were detected by using immunocytochemistry method.TUNEL technique was used to detect apoptosis index.RESULTS:Compared to control group,neuron viability,nestin and Bcl-2 increased and neuron apoptosis decreased in U0126 group(P