Problems in pathology teaching requires the introduction of PBL pedagogy.Teaching experiments show that PBL teaching has a positive impact on the improvement of clinical medical students'ability and quality and can be conditionally applied and promoted. And at the same time, it is a challenge to traditional teaching mode of pathology and therefore the reform of medical education needs to be deepened.

Implementing PBL teaching in the political theory course,making sure the scientific nature of the problem setting are the fundamental guarantees of the right track of political theory education.There are several specific approaches to implement the PBL teaching effectively:leading up to the problem when teacheing in the large class; completing the analysis and research by dividing groups; carrying out class discussions by teams; submitting discussion experiences by each student.Practice has proved that,PBL teaching is better than LBL one.

Objective:To study the fracture resistance of nanofilled composite resin restoration for the treatment of incisally fractured in-cisors. Methods:30 extracted permanent maxillary central incisors were randomly divided into A, B and C groups (n=10). In group A and B, the teeth were cut obliquely from the mesial incisal angle. Labial reduction of 0. 5 mm for veneer and dovetails in the lingual surfaces were prepared. In group A, additional 2mm of the incisal edge were cut horizontally. The teeth were restored with nanofilled com-posite resin. The samples in group C were unprepared as the controls. The specimens were stored in artificial saliva and underwent 2 000 cycles of thermal cycling test. Fracture resistance of the teeth was measured by a test machine and the fracture mode was observed. Re-sults:The mean fracture load(N) of group A, B and C was 466.93 ±171.68, 444.5 ±173.00 and 474.77 ±97.55 respectively(P>0. 05). All fractures in the 2 test groups but 1 in the control group were in a favorable way. Conclusion:Incisally fractured incisors restored with nanofilled composite resins can achieve the fracture resistance similar to that of intact natural tooth. Failure modes of the restored teeth are in favorable way. Additional cut of 2 mm of the incisal edge dose not affect the fracture resistance of the restored teeth.

MTH1 enzyme belongs to the family of Nudix hydro-lases, which can prevent the oxidative damage of nucleic acid by cleaning up oxidized purine nucleotides .Close relationships were found between the activity of MTH 1 and neurodegenerative dis-eases, anti-aging et al.In recent years, MTH1 has been regar-ded as a new promising target for cancer treatment , because it plays an essential role in tumor growth , survival , invasion and metastasis.The transcription and translation , structure, catalyt-ic mechanism, detection and application of MTH1 were de-scribed, as well as various MTH1 inhibitors.

The "all-free health care" system is being implemented in Shenmu County in Shaanxi Province,whose ethical orientation is during the transitional process from "basic medical insurance" to "meeting residents′ actual healthcare demand".The "all-free health care" system safeguards human health rights,embodies the principle of giving priority to social benefits,and is in accordance with the principle of effectiveness.However,due to the lack of scientific management,the capital flows violate the principle of prevention in the system.

Objective To investigate the level of urinary TGF-β1 and evaluate its clinical significance in patients with chronic nephritis.Methods 22 healthy people and 40 patients with chronic nephritis were selected,the levels of urinary TGF-β1 were measured by RT-PCR and ELISA.Results Urinary TGF-β1 were significantly increased in Mesangial Proliferative Glomerulonephritis (76.44± 24.29 ng/mmol.Cr vs 31.53 ± 11.59 ng/mmol.Cr,P<0.01);Focal Glomerular Sclerosis (65.07±20.59 ng/mmol.Cr vs 31.53±11.59 ng/mmol.Cr,P<0.01)and IgA Nephritis (67.01±21.95 ng/mmol.Cr vs 31.53±11.59 ng/mmol.Cr,P<0.01),comparing with normal group.Conclusion The levels of urinary TGF-β1 could be a predictor in reflecting the sate of renal diease,estimating pathological type,diagnosing the renal diease and observing the therapeutic effects.

Objective To select the optimum ultrasonic extracting method of polysaccharides from Rosa Laevigatae Michx in Guizhou. Methods Independent variables were solid-liquid ratio, extraction time and extraction temperature, dependent variable was extraction rate ratio of polysaccharides from Rosa Laevigatae Michx.Linear or nonlinear mathematic models were used to estimate the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the process of extraction.Prediction was carried out through comparing the observed and predicted value. Results The optimum extraction condition for the polysaccharides was as follows: extracting at 75 ℃ for 60 min and ratio of liquid to solid 30??1 ( mL??g ) . The average extraction yield of polysaccharides was 37. 54% under the optimum extraction condition. Conclusion This optimized extraction process is simple and reliable for the extraction of polysaccharides from Rosa Laevigatae Michx in Guizhou.

Objective To simulate and investigate th e electromagnetic field distribution of the insert applicator used in microwave hy perthermia for treating bone tumors. Methods Bone t umor model with layered cylindrical shape was made. The applicator was made from a coaxial cable that peeled off the out copper at the end, which were inserted into the cylindrical bone with different depths. The three dimensions finite ele ment method (FEM) was used to calculate the various parameters of the simulated electromagnetic field. Results The electromagnetic energy could be well transmitted into the tissues when the section of the out co pper cutting was embedded in the tissues. The electromagnetic energy to the tiss ue was enhanced when the tip of the applicator got close to but not penetrated t he tissue. Conclusion The intensity of irradiation t o the target tissue was determined by the dimension and depth of insertion of th e applicator. This is very important for the selection of the type and insertion depth of the applicator when using microwave hyperthermia for treating bone tum or in clinical practice.

Objective To study the effective constituents from the stem bark of Erythrina variegata.Methods The compounds Ⅰ-Ⅸ were isolated by a combination of silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,and ODS chromatographies and their structures were identified by spectral methods.Results Nine known compounds were isolated from the stem bark of E.variegata.Their structures were identified by means of spectroscopic analysis as: 5,4′-dihydroxy-8-(3,3-dimethylally)-2″,2″-dimethylpyrano [5,6∶6,7] isoflavone(Ⅰ),stigmasterol(Ⅱ), erythrinasinate B(Ⅲ),3-hydroxy-2′,2′-dimethylpyrano [5,6∶9,10] pterocarpan(Ⅳ),5,7-dihydroxy-8-(3,3-dimethylally)-dihydroflavanone (Ⅴ),5,4′-dihydroxy-2″,2″-dimethylpyrano [5,6∶6,7] isoflavone(Ⅵ),5,7,4′-trihydroxy-6,8-di(3,3-dimethylally) isoflavone(Ⅶ),5,2′,4′-trihydroxy-8-(3,3-dimethylally)-2″,2″-dimethylpyrano [5,6∶6,7] isoflavone(Ⅷ),5,4′-dihydroxy-6-(3,3-dimethylally)-2″,2″-dimethylpyrano [5,6∶7,8] isoflavone(Ⅸ).Conclusion Compounds Ⅰ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅶ,and Ⅸ are isolated from this plant for the first time and compound Ⅴ is newly isolated from the plant of Erythrina Linn.

Radical trachelectomy (RT) is known as a developing sign of the surgical treatment of cervical cancer in the 21st century.RT brings hope for the patients with early cervical cancer who eager to retain their fertilities.The extent of surgery include RT and pelvic lymphadenectomy.The major methods of radical trachelectomy include abdominal (RAT) and vaginal (RVT) approaches.The efficacy and feasibility of RT is similar with standard treatment,which has great application value in clinical.