BACKGROUND: The coating induced by conventional simulated body fluid (SBF) and 1.5-folds SBF as biomimetic method has the shortcomings of slowly growth with weeks or months growth cycle. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate Ti-6Al-4V alloy surface deposition of hydroxyapatite coating induced by 3-folds SBF. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: In vitro biological analysis. The experiment was performed at the Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences from November 2008 to March 2009. MATERIALS: Ti-6A1-4V alloy was supported by Boda Metel Materials Co., Ltd. METHODS: The pretreated Ti-6Al-4V alloy was immersed in 37 'C 3-folds SBF. The SBF was replaced every 24 hours for 3 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The morphology, phase and elemental composition of calcium phosphate coating were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy analysis. RESULTS: The scanning electron microscopy exhibited that the surface of Ti-6A1 -4V alloy was covered with deposited film with granular crystal on local areas at day 1 after immersion. The deposited film covered surface of Ti-6A1-4V alloy at day 3 after immersion, and granular or scale-shaped crystal could be seen. The crystal deposition displayed sustained growth with certain area as center. The product comprised Ca, P, O, C elements without Al, V. X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed that the main component of the coating was hydroxyapatite. CONCLUSION: The 3-folds SBF can accelerate the deposition as well as shorten formation duration of hydroxyapatite coating on Ti-6A1-4V alloy.

It has been nearly 20 years from the discovery of hepatitis C virus (HCV)and clinical diagnosis of hepatitis C to antiviral therapy with interferon,and significant progress has been made.Substantial changes have taken place in both the concept and strategy for antiviral treatment of hepatitis C,with more and more direct-acting antiviral agents emerging in recent years;these changes are as follows:from the control of HCV to clinical cure,from a sustained virologic response (SVR)rate around 30%with conventional interferon therapy to an SVR rate of 70%-80% with standard therapy with pegylated interferon and ribavirin,and from evaluating the difficulty of treatment based on genotypes and viral load to determining the treatment strategy according to host IL28B genotypes and response patterns (rapid virologic re-sponse and complete early virologic response).The progress in antiviral therapy strategies for hepatitis C is systematically reviewed for re-understanding of refractory hepatitis C.

Objective To realize scientific and high efficient and digital management of medical expenses statistics and verification work in outpatient department of military hospital. Methods Based on the Oracle database of HIS system, Delphi programming language was used to construct the system. Results The system has been successfully applied in hospital actual work with satisfactory results. Conclusion The use of the system can provide transparent and efficient management platform for hospital economic accounting work, and give scientific and numerical gist for hospital operating decision-making.

Objective To discuss the teaching of neurobiology to improve the teaching quality. Methods 35 students in Grade 2010, 39 in Grade 2011 and 41 in Grade 2012 in our university were enrolled. Grade 2010 received traditional teaching only, Grade 2011 received problem-based learning (PBL) in addition, and Grade 2012 received traditional teaching, PBL and case discussion. The scores of final exami-nation were compared. Results The scores of final examination were higher in students in Grade 2012 than in Grades 2010 and 2011. Con-clusion The combination of traditional teaching, PBL and case discussion may further improve the teaching quality of students.

Different subtypes of chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection occurred clinically because of the status of virus’s interaction with immune system. In patients with immune tolerance,high level of HBV DNA was found,serum hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)was positive,and serum level of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)was normal with only mild or no inflammation in liver tissue. However,not all the patients with normal ALT were in immune tolerance status,the disease could progress insidiously and develop into liver cirrhosis. Whether these patients need anti-viral therapy has always been a hotspot of study. This article reviewed the correlation between immune status and HBV infection,the identification of patients with normal ALT but not in immune tolerance status,and the indication of anti-viral therapy for these patients.

BACKGROUND: Chitosan/poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) copolymer has been paid close attention for special biological source of Chitosan and PHB. However, there has been no proper method for them to polymerize effectively.OBJECTIVE: To prepare chitosan/PHB graft copolymer in a homogeneous medium, using a gentle initiator.DESIGN, TIME and SETTING: This study, a single-sample experiment, was performed at the Research Center of Chemistry, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China from August 2007 to October 2007.MATERIALS: Chitosan: DD=100%, Mη=123000, Kyoto, Japan. PHB was purchased from Aldrich chemicals and the molecular weight was 10000.METHODS: Chitosan was grafted with poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) in acetic acid/dimethyl sulfoxide system, and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) was used as initiator. The reaction temperature was 85℃ and the reaction continued for 5 hours with nitrogen protection. Grafting reaction and the chemical structure of the copolymer were confirmed by infrared analysis, NMR and elemental analysis. The crystal form and thermal stability of copolymer were characterized with wide-angel X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis balance, respectively.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The chemical structure of copolymer, crystal form as well as thermal stability.RESULTS: Grafting reaction was confirmed by infrared analysis, NMR and elemental analysis. Wide angle X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis indicated that graft copolymer was different from chitosan and PHB in crystalline morphology, and had a good thermal stability.CONCLUSION: Using BPO as initiator, chitosan/PHB grafting copolymer is prepared and it has a steady property.

Objective To investigate the relationship between expression of REG Iα gene and its clinicopathologic parameters, the survival rate in the patients with primary gastric cancer. Methods Using RT-PCR after extracting RNA from paraffin-embedded materials and immunohistochemical techniques, REG Iα gene expression was investigated in 235 samples. And the relation among their results with the clinicopathologic parameters of primary gastric carcinoma was discussed in experiment by SPSS 13.0 statistic software. Results The positive REG Iα mRNA was 78% (183/235) of primary gastric carcinoma and the positive rate of REG Iα protein was 31.1% (73/235) in 235 patients with primary gastric carcinoma. REG Iα gene expression in infiltrating tumors was found to be significantly higher compared with localized tumors ( P <0.05). REG Iα gene was closely linked to the infiltrative growth pattern, signet ring cell and poorly differentitated adencarcinoma. The incidence of venous invasion of REG Iα gene-positive differentiated adenocarcinoma was significantly higher than that of REG Iα gene-negative tumors. Moreover, the patients with REG Iα gene-positive differentiated adenocarcinoma were found to have a significantly poorer prognosis as compared with REG Iα gene-negative tumor patients. Conclusions The results of the experiment demonstrated that the expression of the REG Iα gene is closely related to the infiltrating property of primary gastric carcinoma. Signet ring cells and poorly differentiated adencarcinoma significantly enhance the risk of venous invasion of REG Iα gene-positive differentiated adenocarcinoma and might be as a prognostic indicator of differentiated adenocarcinoma of the stomach in clinic diagnosis.

The incidence of thyroid cancer in South Korea increased 15 times over the past twenty years, that made South Korea became a country of the highest reported incidence in thyroid cancer all over the world. But the mortality of thyroid cancer was stable and unchanged. The incidence of thyroid cancer in our country was growing at an annual percentage change of 20. 1%. It is a generally accepted that the sharply increased incidence is attributed tooverdiagnosis. Here we introduced the definition of overdiagnosis of cancer and the current understanding in tumor field. The corresponding strategy in our country was proposed.

Objective:To analyze the distribution of HFE gene (hemochromatosis gene) mutation in normal and iron overload men and discuss the influence of HFE gene mutation on iron overload status of Chinese adult men..Method:The data of 226 normal and 331 iron overload men were drawn from National Nutrition and Health Survey in 2002 as control and case group respectively to analyze and compare the distribution of HFE mutation including C282Y mutation, H63D mutation and S65C mutation in normal and iron overload men.Results:In case group, normal gene was 90.03%, homozygosity for H63D mutation 0.6%, heterozygosity for H63D mutation 9.07%, heterozygosity for S65C 0.3%. In control group normal gene was 94.25%, heterozygosity for H63D 5.75%, and no S65C and C282Y mutation was detected. Conclusion: HFE gene mutation was not the major reason resulting in iron overload in Chinese adult men.

Objective:To study the critical value of soluble transferring receptor (sTfR) for assessing iron overload in Chinese adult men. Method:226 normal iron status and 331 iron overload men were drawn from National Nutrition and Health Survey 2002 as control group and case group respectively. To compare the sTfR concentration and distribution between two groups and ascertain the sTfR critical value to assess iron overload by ROC curve. Results:The concentrations of sTfR were 1 325.46?484.92 ng/ml, 1 788.56? 457.02 ng/ml in case group and control group respectively, the former lower than the latter (P