Cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK) is the fourth largest cancer treatment after surgery,chemotherapy and radiotherapy,and it is the development direction of cancer treatment.It is a new type of immune cell,and it is named after natural killer cell samples T lymphocytes as it express CD3 and CD56.Currently,CIK treatment has a broader range of clinical applications,and it has achieved the better clinical efficacy in the blood system cancer and solid tumors,The CIK adoptive immunotherapy is considered to be a new hope for the anticancer treatment.

0.05).[Conclusion]Both SF and NH/C have good biocompability with BMMSCs and could be used as an ideal scaffold material in tissue engineering.

Objective To establish early diagnosis,treatment and prevention of tuberculosis infection following kidney transplantation.Methods Eighteen post-operative tuberculosis infections were identified among 1024 kidney transplantations performed in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital between January 2002 and December 2009.Triple immunosuppressive therapy strategy was used for these 18 patients.Of the 14 patients who received immune induction therapy,4 were treated with monoclonal antibody,and the other 10 were treated with anti-thymocyte globulin(ATG)or anti-lymphocyte globulin(ALG).Results The interval between renal transplantation and identification of tuberculosis infection ranged from 1 to 54 months.Posttransplant tuberculosis infection showed no typical clinical manifestations at early stage.Persistent or intermittent fever was the main symptom.High resolution CT and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)test were useful tools for confirmed diagnosis.After routine anti-tuberculosis treatment,17 patients were cured and 1 patient died.Conclusions The early stage symptoms of post-transplant tuberculosis may be atypical,which could result in misdiagnosis.Pulmonary high-resolution CT examination and BALF test could provide strong evidence for tuberculosis infection.

Objective To explore the effect of MICA-Ab expression on the prognosis of sensitized renal transplantation recipients.Methods A total of 51 sensitized recipients (PRA more than 20%) in our hospital from August 2007 to April 2010 were enrolled in the study.In these patients,29 cases received protein A immunoadsorption and detection of MICA-Ab was performed before and after protein A immunoadsorption.Other 22 patients received MICA-Ab detection when they were hospitalized.Associations of PRA,HLA-matches,acute rejection,and serum creatinine of postoperative week 1 and week 4 with MICA-Ab were analyzed retrospectively.Results Sixteen recipients (31.4%) had positive MICA-Ab expression but their acute rejection rate was not higher as compared to the patients with negative MICA-Ab expression.Recipients with PRA＞40% showed higher expression level of MICA-Ab than recipients with PRA≤40% (P≤0.05).HLA-match did not show influence on MICA-Ab expression.MICA-Ab positive group had no higher serum creatinine level than negative group in postoperative week 4.MICA-Ab level decreased significantly after protein A immunoadsorption.Conclusions MICA-Ab expression increases in the sensitive recipients but does not influence the prognosis.Protein Aimmunoadsorption can eliminate MICA-Ab effectively in sensitized recipients.

Objective To investigate the expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor?2(HER?2)and Survivin protein in gastric cancer tissue,and explore its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics. Methods Immunohistochemistry assay was used for detection of HER?2 and Survivin protein expression in 70 gastric cancer biopsy samples. The relationship with the clinicoathological parameters in patients with gas?tric cancer was analyzed. Results The expression of HER?2 and Survivin protein was correlated with tumor differentiation ,TNM stage and lymph node metastasis(all P<0.05),but not with sex,age,the diameter of tumor. The correlation analysis of positive rate and the semi?quantitative pro?tein expression showed that the expression of Survivin and HER?2 was significantly positively related(all P<0.01). Conclusion The positive ex?pression of HER?2 and Survivin protein in gastric cancer correlates with tumor differentiation ,TNM stage and lymph node metastasis. HER?2 ex?pression significantly correlates with Survivin at the protein level in gastric cancer tissues.

BACKGROUND:The mesenchymal stem calls (MSCs) have multiple-direction differentiation potential.How to induce human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into chondrogenic in vitro is an advanced researching direction.OBJECTIVE: Experimental study on chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from human bone marrow in study culture medium so as to observe the characteristic of the cells in the continuous progressive process,such as culture of the primary generation and passage culture.DESIGN: A single sample and open study.SETTING : Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University.MATERIALS:A total of 5 children with single bone cyst were selected from Children's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University from August 2002 to September 2003,including 3 boys and 2 girls aged from 3 to 12 years.All of them donated 5 Ml bone marrow, which was added with 1 Ml (20 U/Ml) heparinization, from which MSCs was obtained. Main reagents were detailed as follows: F-12 (Gibco, USA), fetal calf serum (Sijiqing Bioengineering Company, Hangzhou), trypsin (Sigma, USA), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) (Sigma, USA) and vitamin C (the Third Medical Company,Nanjing; batch number: 021017).METHODS:① Standard culture medium:0.1 volume fraction of fetal calf serum,100 U/Ml penicillin,100 U/Ml streptomycin, 5.8 g/L Hepes, 2 g/L NaHCO3 and 0.3 g/L glutamine were added into F-12 culture medium (Ph 7.2-7.4). ②Study culture medium: 50 μg/L vitamin C and 1 μg/L TGF-β1 were added into standard culture medium (Ph 7.2-7.4). ③Cell culture of the primary generation: 12 Ml Hanks which contained 1 Ml of heparinization (20 μ/Ml) and 5 Ml bone marrow was centrifugated. Then the cells which had nucleolus were rinsed. Then cells were cultured in a 50 Ml plastic culture bottle at the density of 3×109 L-1 and were cultured in 6-well culture plate at the density of 1×109 L-1. One bottle and 3 well was used study culture medium,the other bottle and 3 well was used standard culture medium.The cells were cultured in incubator containing 0.05 volume fraction of CO2 and saturated tumidity at 37℃. The medium was changed every 48 hours. The cells were observed under inverted microscope. ④ Passage culture: When the primary generation cells had been cultured with standard culture medium for 10-14 days, we would find that the cells covered 80％ of the bottle bottom. Then 2.5 g/L of trypsin containing 0.2 g/L of EDTA was used to digestion and passage. The third generation cells were separated at the ratio of 1:1, and were cultured in two bottles. One bottle used standard culture medium, the other used study culture medium. At the same time, the cells in 6-well plate which contains coverslip were deal with in the same way. 3-wells used standard culture medium, and the others used study culture medium. Culture time was7 days.The cells were observed under inverted microscope.⑤ Index detection:Alcian blue staining was used to show the expression of the glycosaminoglycan of the primary generation and the third generation. Type- Ⅱ collagen immunohistochemical staining was used to show the express of the type- Ⅱ collagen of the primary generation and thethird generation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS:① Morphological observation; ② secretion of glycosaminoglycan; ③ expression of type- Ⅱ collagen.RESULTS: ① Observation under inverted microscope: Most of the hMSCs in primary culture were spindle; a few of them were wide, flat and polygon. After passage, the cells were found in a uniform spindle shape. The cells, which were induced in TGF-β1 and vitamin C, became round or oval shape. ② The positive rate of primary generation was 82.4％, the 3rd generation which were cultured in study culture medium was 76.3％ (x2 =1.14,P＞ 0.05), and the 6th generation was 68.5％(x2 =5.22, P ＜ 0.05). The cells, which were culturedinstandardculturemedium, were negative. ③ The 3rd generation and 6th generation cells which were cultured in study culture medium, were found that brown-yellow granules distributed in cytoplast. It was the positive reaction. The cells, which were cultured in standard culture medium, were negative.CONCLUSION:MSCs derived from human bone marrow may be inducedinto hondrocytes under study culture medium which contained TGF-β1 and vitamin C in vitro.The express of the glycosaminoglycan and type Ⅱ collagen show the characteristic of chondrocyte.

ObjectiveTo investigate DNA loads and risk factors of BK virus infection in renal transplant recipients.MethodsWe developed a real-time PCR assay to quantitate BK virus loads in 80 patients receiving renal transplantation in our center,and correlation between the BK virus load and clinical course was analyzed.BK virus loads were measured in urine and plasma. Epidemiological features and risk factors of BK virus infection were analyzed.ResultsThe positive rate of BKV viruria and viremia in 80 renal recipients was 37.5％ (30/80) and 8.75％ (7/80),respectively.BKV loads were higher in renal allograft recipients whose age was more than 50 years old.BKV loads were observed in urine and plasma (compared with group whose age was less than 50 years,P=0.017 and 0.05,respectively).BKV DNA copies were higher in group Tac than that in group CSA (P＜0.05),and the peak of BKV load in serum appeared at14th and10th month after transplantation,respectively,but the peak in urine was ahead of that in serum,appeared at 2nd and 8th month,respectively.ConclusionSerial measurement of BKV viral loads by quantitative PCR is a useful tool in monitoring the course of BK virus infection.The ages of recipients (＞50 years) and using Tac + MPA can reactivate BK virus and then result in BKVAN in renal transplant recipients. Intensive BKV monitoring is necessary for these recipients.

BACKGROUND: Documents recorded that the correlation between micro emulsion Ciclosporin peak concentration (C_2) and area under curve was best with maximum individual difference. According to C_2, dose of Ciclosporin can be adjusted indMdually to decrease acute rejection and Ciclosporin toxicity, which has widely used in perioperative stage of renal transplanted recipients. However, some transplantation center still used tough concentration (C_0) to adjust the dose of Ciclosporin in stable stage of renal transplanted recipients. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the efficacy and safety of changing from monitoring C_0 to C_2 in stable stage recipients following renal transplantation. METHODS: Totally 65 patients with renal transplantation were enrolled in this study, including 31 males and 34 females, aged 20-57 (39.4±15.3) years. Within 3 months prior to this study, all patients did not suffered from rejection, and their serum creatinine and urea nitrogen were stable (creatinine ≤180 μmol/L). They were in stable stage after renal transplantation. Their period of transplantation and function of allograft were recorded. Their C_0 and C_2 of Ciclosporin were assayed. According to the target C_2 value 500-600 μg/L, the patients were prospectively and randomly divided into 3 groups. In the high C_2 group (n=17), the dose of Ciclosporin was decreased. In the target C_2 group (n=23), the dose of Ciclosporin was remained. In the low C_2 group (n=25), the dose of Ciclosporin was increased. All of the patients were followed-up for 12 months. The grafts function and the complications of heart, lung and brain were compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: According to the target concentration of Ciclosporin C_2, the dose of Ciclosporin in the high C_2 group was decreased by 575.0 mg. The Creatinine and urea nitrogen of 88% patients were stable, while blood pressure, blood fat and blood uric acid decreased in parts of patients. In the target C_2 group, the levels of creatinine, urea nitrogen, Co and C_2 of patients were stable, no complications of heart, lung and brain occurred. According to the target concentration of Ciclosporin C_2, the dose of Ciclosporin in low C_2 group was increased by 755.0 mg. The creatinine and urea nitrogen of 84% patients were stable. All of the patients were no complications of heart, lung and brain. It is safe and effective to adjust Ciclospori dose under C_2 monitoring according to the target peak concentration (500-600 μg/L) in most stable stage recipients following renal transplantation.

Objective To investigate the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1(STAT1) and matrix metalloproteinase 3(MMP3)′s genetic expressions and their clinical significance on urothelial carcinoma after renal transplantation. Methods Fifty-one patients with urothelial carcinoma were recruited in this study. Sixteen of them who had renal transplant were in the experimental group and 35 of them without renal transplant were in the control group. All the cases had been proved postoperatively having transitional cell carcinoma by histopathological study. The human genome oligo arrays were used to analyze the gene expression spectrum of urothelial carcinoma after transplantation, aiming the STAT1 and MMP3's expression. Real time RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining were used to compare the differences in the 2 groups. Results The experimental group showed that there were 35 genes up-regulated compared with the control group. Of them, 23had known gene function or partly known, and 12 had unknown gene function. There were 76 genes down-regulated. Of them, 46 had known gene function or partly known, and 30 had unknown gene function. After pathway analysis of the differentially expressed genes, there were 23 groups of pathways which had significant differences (P＜0.05), referring to the aspects of immunosuppressive and tumor growth. The levels of STAT1 and MMP3 expressions had significant differences between the 2groups(P＜0.05)as well. Conclusions The differential expression of urothelial tumor genes is obvious between patient who has had renal transplant and who has not. There are many aspects that are related to the tumor's growth like signaling pathways regulating proliferation, apoptosis of tumor cells, tumor angiogenesis and the tumor metastasis potential. STAT1 and MMP3 maybe become the targets of chemoprevention for post-transplantation urothelial carcinoma.

Objective To study the clinicopathologic features of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) following renal transplantation.Methods Four cases of PTLD following renal transplantation were studied and relevant literatures were reviewed.Results All the 4 cases had received 3-drug-immunosuppression after transplantation.The duration between renal transplantation and diagnosis of PTLD was 5-112 months,averagely 34 months.The patients were suffered from infective monocytic hyperplasialike PTLD,plasmacytic hyperplasialike PTLD,polymorphic PTLD and monomorphic PTLD respectively in morphology and had no specific symptoms.All the patients received therapy with dosage reduction of immunosuppressants and some received rituximab or chemotherapy.The case of monomorphic PTLD died in a short time after diagnosis.Conclusion PTLD is a lymphoproliferative disease with distinctive morphologic and clinical characteristics.The main treatments include the dosage reduction of immunosuppressive agents,biotherapy and chemotherapy.The prognosis of monomorphic PTLD is poor.