Human history has never seen so many infectious diseases as in recent times and human being has to face this great challenge threaten public health.The increased global population,increased travel,human-induced global changes,poverty and the breakdown of public health measures,all of these factors make that novel infectious diseases can emerge in any part of the world at any time.In this article,we point out some shortages in diagnosis and screening the infectious diseases in the laboratory,emphasize the importance of surveillance,finally give some suggestions about how to improve the current ability to detect, prevent and treat the infectious diseases.

AIM: To investigate the therapeutic effect of a new warm moist air device assisted with eyelid massage in the treatment of office dry eye (ODE).METHODS: Sixty ODE patients were recruited,and these patients were randomly divided into two groups.One group received artificial tear treatment,and the other group received a new eyelid warm moist air device combined with eyelid massage treatment.Subjects completed the ocular surface disease index (OSDI),which was followed by fluorescein tear breakup time (BUT),corneal fluorescein staining (CFS),Schirmer I test (SⅠt) and meibomian gland secretion function evaluation at baseline,and 2 and 4wk after treatment.RESULTS: In these 60 patients,48 patients(23 in artificial tear treated group and 25 in the new warm moist air device assisted with eyelid massage treated group)were positive for meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).Compared to artificial tear treatment,the new warm moist air device assisted with eyelid massage treatment showed favorable therapeutic effect on OSDI (FGroup=41.63,P<0.01),BUT (FGroup=60.47,P<0.01) and the grade of meibum quality (FGroup=12.12,P<0.01) during 4wk treatment in this study.No significant difference was found in SIT (FGroup=0.17,P>0.05),CFS (FGroup=1.79,P>0.05) and meibomian gland expressibility (FGroup=0.68,P>0.05) between the two groups during 4wk treatment.CONCLUSION: This new eyelid warm moist air device assisted with eyelid massage has favorable therapeutic effect over artificial tear in ODE treatment.

Cardiovascular Diseases ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Gemcitabine has become a first-line chemotherapeutic durg.Unfortunately,many patients fail to derive benefits from gemcitabine in clinics.The variability of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1)expression in tumor cells,which plays a dominant role in the transport of gemcitabine across the cell membrane,may be one of the reason for gemcitabine chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer.

Objective: To observe the changes of the pulmonary ventilatory function during cardiac valve operation under cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB). Method: Thirty-four patients undergoing cardiac valve operation were selected. The pulmonary function was measured with side stream spirometer. Result: P_(peak) and P_(plat) did not have any significant changes within 60 min after CPB, but increased significantly at the end of surgery and after closure of sternum(P

Objective To establish the animal model with stress ulcer(SU) and probe the relationship between the gastric mucosal injury and lasting stress time,the dynamic structural changes of pH of gastric juice.Methods Twenty-four SD young rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:control group,45 min(groupⅠ),90 min(groupⅡ),3 h(groupⅢ)groups under water immersion restraint stress(WRS).The change of gastric mucosal ulcer index(UI),pH of gastric juice were observed.Results Acute gastric mucosal damage was induced by WRS,with the WRS time prolonged,UI increased gradually and pH of gastric juice remarkably decreased in experimental rats.UI was positively rela-ted with stress time(r=0.957 P

Objective To investigate the effect of Danzhijiangtang capsule on serum,fat in type 2 diabetic rats.Methods The model of type 2 diabetes mellitus rats were established by injecting small does streptozotocin(STZ)into abdomen and feeding high sucrose-fat diet.All the rats were divided randomly into five groups.The level of blood glucose,serum insulin,insulin sensitivity index,blood fat(triglyceride, cholesterol,high-density lipoprotein,low-density lipoprotein),free fatty acid after treated were examined. Results Danzhijiangtang capsule could decrease the level of blood fat.Conclusion Danzhijiangtang capsule could improve the blood fat in type 2 diabetic rats.

Objective To evaluate the serum Krebs von den Lungen (KL)-6 for the diagnosis of interstitial lung disease (ILD) associated with connective tissue diseases (CTD) and its lung-CT subtypes.Methods Seventy-five CTD patients were employed for this study,44 CTD with ILD and 31 ILD without ILD.The 44 CTD patients with ILD were further divided into different subgroups based on lung-CT imaging and clinical indexes.The enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the serum KL-6 level.For those data that was abnormally distributed,the differences between groups was compared with independent samples nonparametric tests.Results The level of serum KL-6 in the CTD with ILD was significantly higher than that without ILD [(1 118±877) U/ml vs (253±144) U/ml] (Z=-6.047,P＜0.01).By using a criterion of 500 U/ml,our data suggested that the serum KL-6 level was useful for the ILD-CTD diagnosis;the sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative predictive values were 72.7％,87.1％,88.9％ and 69.2％,respectively.The serum KL-6 level,however,showed no statistical differences between ILD subtypes,i.e.,usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP),nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) and indeterminate [(1 104±843) U/ml,(1 242±1 039) U/ml,(815±400) U/ml,respectively] (x2=0.35,P=0.84).Our data further showed that the KL-6 level was significantly higher in CTD-ILD patients with intensive lung lesions than those with limited lung lesions [(1 910±918) U/ml vs (459±268) U/ml] (Z=-4.364,P＜0.01).In addition,the KL-6 level was significantly higher in active ILDs than in inactive ILDs[(1 478±917) U/ml vs (598±475) U/ml] (Z=-3.915,P＜0.01).Conclusion The serum KL-6 is a valuable biomarker for CTD-ILD diagnosis and even for the assessment of the extent and activity of lung damage.

BACKGROUND:Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels are a kind of pluripotent stem cels that have the potential of self-renewal and proliferation, and have low immunogenicity and immunomodulatory role. OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels on T cel immune status of alergic rhinitis mouse models.
METHODS:Sixty mice were randomly assigned into six groups (sensitized/chalenged/treatment): experimental group 1 was given ovalbumin/ovalbumin/high-dose adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels, experimental group 2 given ovalbumin/ovalbumin/low-dose adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels, experimental group 3 given ovalbumin/ovalbumin/PBS, experimental group 4 given ovalbumin/ovalbumin/0, and experimental group 5 given PBS/PBS/0, and normal control group given no treatment. In the former five groups, intraperitoneal injection of 200 μL ovalbumin sensitizing solution or PBS was conducted for basic sensitization at days 0, 7, 14; 20 μL ovalbumin chalenging solution or PBS was given for chalenging at days 15-19. In the former three groups, 0.1 mL of high-dose, low-dose adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels or PBS was givenviathe tail vein, respectively, at days 20-22 after sensitization and chalenge. At 48 hours after final treatment, ELISA was used to detect serum levels of interleukin-4, interleukin-6, interleukin-10 and interferon-γ, and fluorogenic quantitative PCR used to detect the mRNA expressions of these cytokines in the spleen. Migration of fluorescent-labeled adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels in the nasal mucosa was observed under fluorescence microscope, and pathological changes of the nasal mucosa were observed through hematoxylin-eosin staining.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the experimental group 4, the levels of interleukin-4 and interleukin-6 in the serum and spleen were significantly lower in the experimental group 1 (P< 0.05), and the levels of interluekin-10 and interferon-γ levels were significantly increased (P <0.05); while in the experimental group, the levels of interleukin-6 were reduced significantly (P < 0.05), the levels of interleukin-10 was increased significantly (P< 0.05), but no changes were found in the levels of interleukin-4 and interferon-γ (P> 0.05). Fluorescent-labeled adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels could migrate into the nasal mucosa, and the number of migrated cels was notably higher in the experimental group 1 than experimental group 2. Eosinophil infiltration in the nasal mucosa was remarkably aleviated in the experimental groups 1 and 2. These findings suggest that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels play a non-specific immunomodulatory effect dose-dependently by regulating Th1/Th2 immune imbalances and deficiencies of Treg cels.

Objective To investigate the effects of ephedrine on glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.Methods Altogether 60 male SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group,natural recovery group and ephedrine treatment group.The unilateral ischemia-reperfusion models were induced by clue-blocked method.The expression level of GFAP around ischemic area was examined by immunohistochemical technique at weeks 1,2,3 and 4 after operation.Results GFAP expression began to increase at 1 w and stabilized at 3 w in ephedrine treatment group and natural recovery group.There was a significant increase of GFAP expression in ephedrine treatment group compared with that in natural recovery group (P