This study aim to reveal the total pharmacokinetics of rhein and chrysophanol after oral administration of Quyu Qingre granules (QUQRG) in normal and acute blood stasis rabbits, to identify the pharmacokinetics differences between two groups of rabbits and to evaluate the applicability of the total statistical moment analysis. Based on the concentrations of rhein and chrysophanol in plasma determined by an established HPLC method, and the calculation of main total pharmacokinetic parameters, this study found that total pharmacokinetic parameters VRT, value of blood stasis group is lager than that of normal group and the difference is significant Compared with normal group, total pharmacokinetic parameters AUC,, MRT,, t1/2t, and Vt value of blood stasis group is lager, while the k, and CL, value is smaller. The findings indicated that the absorbed and released time of rhein and chrysophanol was accelerated and the total absorptive amount of these two compounds was increased in rabbits with acute blood stasis, compared with the normal rabbits. Total quantity statistical moment analysis can combine the pharmacokinetics of rhein and chrysophanol and express the pharmacokinetic behavior of these two compounds in QUQRG. The parameters in this paper can provide reference frames for the follow-up development of QUQRG.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Anthraquinones ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Blood Circulation ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Rabbits ; Statistics as Topic

Objective To study the prenatal genetic diagnostic methods for hemophilia A fetus.Methods From 2002 to 2006,19 hemophilia A families were diagnosed either by long distance-polymerase chain reaction(LD-PCR)for factor Ⅷ intron 22 inversion or by the DNA polymorphism genetic linkage analysis of factorⅧin the Beijing Chaoyang Hospital.Results (1)Totally 19 women,with 22pregnancies received the prenatal diagnosis of fetal hemophilia A.The average week at diagnosis was 23(17-34)weeks.All the direct fetal blood sampling(DFBS)were successful.There was no fetal-loss caused by the procedures.(2)Of the 19 hemophilia A families,14 appeared to be factorⅧintron 22inversion,in which 16 prenatal diagnoses were done,10 fetuses were diagnosed as genetical hemophilia A patients,and 6 fetuses were normal.(3)Using combined polymorphism genetic linkage analysis 6 prenatal diagnoses were done,including one woman's two pregnancies,in which both her fetuses were diagnosed as genetical hemophilia A patients.(4)Factor Ⅷ levels of 16 fetuses were measured,and 6 fetuses were unmeasured either because the pregnancy weeks were lower than 20 weeks or the parents refused.Factor Ⅷlevel ranged from 0 to 198%.There were 11 fetuses whose factor Ⅷ levels were lower than 10%.Ten of them were diagnosed to be genetical hemophilia A patients,and in only one boy the factorⅧlevel was 2%,but the genetic diagnosis was normal and for one year's follow up he was doing normal.Conclusion LDPCR combined with polymorphism genetic linkage analysis enables a quick and correct detection ofhemophilia A carrier.For a carrier pregnancy.prenatal diagnosis could be done for the male fetus.Factor Ⅷ deficiency of the fetus could help make the diagnosis but the final diagnosis should be based on genetic evidence.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; surgery ; Thyroidectomy ; methods ; Young Adult

AlM:To study the treatment effect of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of high myopia macular hemorrhage, using Chinese medicine etiology and pathogenesis, syndrome differentiation treatment, and provide the basis for the clinical treatment. METHODS: Eighty patients ( 135 eyes ) with high myopia macular hemorrhage were selected in the hospital from January 2012 to september 2014 as treatment group, and applied traditional Chinese medicine treatment. Forty-five patients (64 eyes) with the same period, as the control group, received routine western medicine treatment. After 1mo treatement, the treatment effect and vision improvement situation of two groups were observed, and after 6mo follow-up, the relapse was observed.RESULTS: The total effective rate of treatment group was 85. 19% (115/135), higher than the control group 78. 13% (50/64) (P<0. 05). The average corrected visual acuity of treatment group was 0. 48±0. 11, higher than the control group 0. 36 ± 0. 09, the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). The average diopter and macular bleeding scope of the treatment group were -9. 81±0. 85D and 0. 51 ± 0. 27PD, lower than the control group -10. 76 ± 0. 91D and 0. 78 ± 0. 23PD, the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0. 05 ). The eye ground hemorrhage absorption time of treatment group was 25. 34±2. 28d, less than the control group 29. 72 ± 2. 13d, the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). The bleeding again of the control group 7. 81% ( 5/64 ), higher than the treatment group was 5. 19% (7/135), the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05).CONCLUSlON: Evidence-based treatment of traditional Chinese medicine for high myopia macular hemorrhage has good clinical effect, can shorten the treatment time, and is beneficial to the recovery of postoperative vision, worthy of clinical popularization and application.

As one of the significant parts of medical science research in China, the research on Chinese medicine (CM) reflects the essence of healthcare tradition in the country both theoretically and clinically, and embodies the values of Chinese culture. Therefore, in the practice of ethics review on CM research protocols, besides abiding by the contemporary prevalent international principles and guidelines on bioethics, which emphasizes the scientific and bioethical value of the study, we should also stress the CM theoretical background and relevant clinical experience in the framework of Chinese culture and values. In this paper, we went over the traits of CM clinical research and the experience from the practice of ethics review by the institution review board for bioethics, and then attempted to summarize the key points for the bioethics review to CM researches in China, so as to serve as reference for the bioethics review to traditional and alternative medicine researches.
China ; Drug Monitoring ; Ethics Committees, Research ; ethics ; Ethics, Medical ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; adverse effects

To investigate the mechanism of agarwood formation in Aquilaria sinensis induced by Lasiodiplodia theobromae, the fermentation liquor of L. theobromae was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). JAs were detected in the fermentation liquor. The effect of the fermentation liquor on the abundance of sesquiterpenes in the callus of A. sinensis was analyzed by solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS). And the fermentation liquor stimulated alpha-guaiene, alpha-humulene and delta-guaiene biosynthesis in calli. It was inferred that L. theobromae produced JAs, which resulted in a significant increase of sesquiterpenes in A. sinensis.
Ascomycota ; physiology ; Fermentation ; Sesquiterpenes ; metabolism ; Thymelaeaceae ; metabolism ; microbiology

Objective To explore the changes of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in pediatric severe sepsis treated with continuous blood purification(CBP).Methods Prospective study,35 cases of critically ill children diagnosed with severe sepsis and admitted to PICU of Shanghai Children's Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University from June 2012 to May 2014 served as reseach objective.Based on the monitoring of vital signs,including central venous pressure,arterial blood pressure,mean arterial pressure,patients were treated with conventional therapy,as antibiotics,fluid therapy,and CBP by mode of continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration or high volume hemofiltration.Plasma levels of rennin activity,angiontensin Ⅱ and aldosterone were measured by radioimmunoassay before and 24 h after CBP.Twenty-five cases of blood samples taken from the children collected from health care for liver function examination were matched as control group.Results Plasmalevelsofrenninactivitywere(2.11 ±1.93) pg/(L·h),(1.27±1.56) μg/(L·h),(0.37 ± 0.22) μg/(L· h) before and 24 h after CBP and control group,respectively.The levels of angiontensin Ⅱ were (426.78 ±332.37) ng/L,(364.40 ± 325.51) ng/L,(41.70 ± 10.81) ng/L,respectively.And the levels of aldosterone were (255.12 ± 218.18) ng/L,(134.92 ± 104.13) ng/L,(106.88 ±43.18) ng/L,respectively.The plasma levels of rennin activity,angiontensin Ⅱ,and aldosterone were higher in sepsis cases than in control group,while decreased obviously after CBP treatment(P ＜0.01,P ＜0.05).Eleven cases died and mortality was 31.4％ (11/35).After 24 h of CBP,the mean arterial pressure improved in 26 cases with septic shock and dopamine dose reduced(P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The reaction of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is increased significantly in pediatric severe sepsis.CBP can down-regulate the levels of rennin activity,angiotensin Ⅱand aldosterone,but not worsen the circulation function.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect mechanism of warm acupuncture combined with auricular point sticking therapy and its efficacy on insomnia by monitoring the level of brain neurotransmitters in the insomnia patients.

METHODSOne hundred and thirty patients with insomnia were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 65 cases in each one. In the observation group, based on the treating principle of warming yang and benefiting qi, acupuncture was applied to Xinshu (BL 15), Pishu (BL 20), Shenshu (BL 23), Yaoyangguan (GV 3), Baihui (GV 20), Neiguan (PC 6) and Shenmen (HT 7). Warm acupuncture was supplemented at Xinshu (BL 15), Pishu (BL 20), Shenshu (BL 23) and Yaoyangguan (GV 3). The treatment was given once every day. In the control group, estazolam tablets, 0. 5 to 1 mg were prescribed for oral administration, 30 min before sleep at night. The treatment of 14 days was taken as one session and 2 sessions were required in the two groups. The encephal of luctuograph technology was used to observe the sleep quality and brain neurotransmitters before and after treatment in the two groups and the efficacy was compared between the two groups.

RESULTSThe total effective rate was 83.1% (54/65) in the observation group and 87.7% (57/65) in the control group. The efficacy was similar between the two groups (P > 0.05). In the observation group, after treatment, 5-HT and GABA/Glu were all increased compared with those before treatment (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) and norepinephrine (NE) was reduced compared with that before treatment (P < 0.05). The level of each index did not change significantly before and after treatment in the control group (all P > 0.05). The regulations of 5-HT, GABA/Glu in the observation group were superior to those in the control group (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe combined therapy of warm acupuncture and auricular point sticking method for warming yang and benefiting qi effectively improves brain neurotransmitters and essentially improves sleep quality of the patients with insomnia differentiated as yang deficiency pattern.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Acupuncture, Ear ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; metabolism ; Serotonin ; metabolism ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; metabolism ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Yang Deficiency ; metabolism ; therapy ; Young Adult ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; metabolism

This paper is aim to investigate the pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability of neoline in Beagle dogs, and provide a theoretical basis for further study. Ethyl acetate was used for liquid-liquid extracting after 10% ammonia alkalizing. The method of UPLC-Q-TOF-MS was established for the determination of neoline plasma concentrations. Beagle dogs were orally or intravenously administered with neoline for pharmacokinetic and absolute bioavailability study. Good linear relationship of neoline was found over the range of 0.1-4 mg x L(-1) (R2 = 0.9982) and 2-100 microg x L(-1) (R2 = 0.9945). Intra-and inter-day precision, expressed as the relativestandard (RSD) were less than 5.0%. Accuracy, expressed as the relative error (RE) was within 90.0%-115%. The recovery of neoline in dog plasma was more than 80%. After 6 mg x kg(-1) for ig and 1 mg x kg(-1) for iv administration of neoline, the main pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed with Winnonlin software. t(1/2) were (313.88 +/- 63.18), (236.33 +/- 229.84) min, and AUC(0-infinity) were (58,027.40 +/- 14,132.69), (473,578.02 +/- 82,333.08) min x microg x L(-1) for ig and iv administration respectively. The absolute bioavail ability was (73.15 +/- 10.29) %. The method of UPLC-Q-TOF-MS described in the report was sensitive, reliable and specific, and suitable for pharmacokinetic study of neoline in Beagle dog. The high absolute bioavailability of neoline in dog suggested good absorption of neline which was worth of further investigation.
Aconitine ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Animals ; Biological Availability ; Dogs ; Drug Stability ; Female ; Male

OBJECTIVETo observe morphological changes of enteric nervous system (ENS)-interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC)-smooth muscle cell (SMC) structure injury in deep muscle nerve plexus offunctional dyspepsia (FD) rats, and the repair of Shuwei Decoction (SD) on it, and to explore its effecton FD.

METHODSTotally 72 rats were randomly divided into the control group, the model group, the lowdose SD group, the medium dose SD group, and the high dose SD group, the Mosapride group, 12 ineach group. Rats in the low dose SD group, the medium dose SD group, and the high dose SD group were intragastrically fed with SD at 0.767, 1.534, 3.068 g/mL, respectively. Rats in the Mosapride group were intragastrically fed with Mosapride (1.37 mg/kg). FD rat model with Gan depression Pi deficiency syndrome (GDPDS) was established using complex pathogenic factors. Corresponding liquors were respectively administered to rats in corresponding groups from the 3rd day after modeling. Distilled water(10 mL/kg) was administered to rats in the control group and the model group, once per day for 14 successive days. Rats were sacrificed and small intestine tissues collected for observing ENS-ICC-SMC structure injury using immunofluorescence double labeling, laser scanning confocal microscope, and transmission electron microscope at day 15. Repair of SD on it was also observed.

RESULTSENS-ICC SMC structure was incomplete, with obvious injury in mutual link of ICC, ICC, SMC, and connecting structure. ENS-ICC-SMC structure was more complete in high, medium, and low dose SD groups, with close link of ICC and SMO. Their connecting structures were in good conditions.

CONCLUSIONSD could keep the integrity of ENS-ICC-SMC structure by promoting regeneration and morphology of ICC, thereby, improving gastrointestinal movement disorder and showing therapeutic effect on FD.

Animals ; Benzamides ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Dyspepsia ; drug therapy ; Enteric Nervous System ; drug effects ; Interstitial Cells of Cajal ; drug effects ; Morpholines ; pharmacology ; Muscle, Smooth ; drug effects ; Random Allocation ; Rats