Sepsis refers to the infection caused by systemic inflammatory response syndrome.Sepsis is one of the leading causes of death in critically ill patients in the ICU and its morbidity and mortality are increasing year by year globally.According to statistics,in China,the incidence of sepsis in ICU is 8.68％ and the mortality rate can be as high as 44.7％,therefore,severe sepsis in the field of medicine to become one of the problems to be overcome.MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of sepsis through the TLRs / NF-κB signaling pathways,which play an important role in immune regulation.In this review,the progress of miRNAs involved in TLRs signaling pathway in sepsis is reviewed.

Objective To observe and compare the efficacy and safety between propofol-fentanyl and propo- fol-ketamine for anesthesia of artificial abortion.Methods 450 ASA physical statusⅠandⅡpatients scheduled for elective artificial abortion were randomized into three groups:P group were given intravenous normal saline 2ml be- fore propofol(n=150) ;PF group were given intravenous fentanyl 1?g/kg then propofol(n=150);PK group were given intravenous ketamine 0.4mg/kg then propofol(n=150).Total dose of propofol,extinction time of lash reflex, heart rate(HR),mean arterial pressure(MAP),pulse oxygen saturation(SpO_2),time to open the eye when called, time of full recovery(answering correctly and walking unaided),discomfort,awareness during operation,self-feeling were recorded.Analysis of date was with SPSS 12.0.P＜0.05 was considered significant.Results No episodes of nausea,vomiting,cardio-cerebral syndrome or awareness were noted in all patients;Total dose of propofol,and extinc- tion time of lash reflex in P group were significantly more than those in PK or PF group(P＜0.05),but there was no difference between PK and PF group;MAP,minimum HR and SpO_2 during operation were obviously lower than preoperation or postoperation in those in P or PF group,minimum HR and SpO_2 during operation in P group were significantly lower than in PF or PK group;Minimum HR and SpO_2 during operation in PK group were lower than preoperation,but its decrease extent was less than that in P or PF group(P＜0.05);Time to eye opening in PF or PK group was significantly less than that in P group(P＜0.05);Time to full recovery were not different in three groups;Incidence of pain on injection in PF group(10%)or PK group(8%)was obviously lower than P group (80%);Incidence of coughing and moving during operation in PF group(8%)or PK group(6%)was obviously less than P group(30%);No difference were noted with respect to degree of comfort,time of full recovery,bleeding vol- ume during operation,time to operation.Conclusion Painless artificial abortion can be preformed effectively and safely with propofol-fentanyl or propofol-ketamine,propofol-ketamine especially fits for painless artificial abortion compared with propofol-fantanyl.

Citrus aurantium is one of the most common traditional Chinese medicines. In this paper, the chemical components, content determination and pharmacological actions of C. aurantium were summarized for the comprehensive utilization of its resources. Because of the complicated resources of C. aurantium, only one single component as index couldn't reflect the quality and effects and comprehensive evaluation which concluding multiple components should be established in the future quality control. In recent years, the pharmacological effects research of C. aurantium has made tremendous progress, and it is important to explore new drugs from the development and utilization of the active ingredient of C. aurantium. In recent years, the pharmacological effects research of C. aurantium has made tremendous progress, and it is important to explore new drugs from the development and utilization of the active ingredient of C. aurantium.
Citrus ; chemistry ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology

As an indispensable part of minority traditional medicine, mineral medicine has used with less dosage and reliable efficacy for the last thousand years. Based on the unearthed relics and medical literatures of past dynasties, the history of Han nationality ap- years, which had been recorded in main literature. But there is less comprehensive report of its usage in the other 55-minority nationality. This article was based on the analysis of ethnic minority literature of thousands of years, and conducted a comprehensive collation and analysis of mineral medicine. It was mostly determined that there was 20 minority groups using mineral medicine, with a total of 163 species (limited our references), and the most used is the Tibetan, accounting for 141. The most serious problems of mineral medicine are that species should be further investigated and researched, and then become the legal commercial medicine, and the classification principles of mineral medicine should be established. Through the traditional processing and experimental studies, the problems of attenuation and detoxification should be solved.
China ; ethnology ; History, Ancient ; History, Medieval ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; history ; Minerals ; analysis ; pharmacology

Humans ; Organometallic Compounds ; chemistry ; metabolism ; toxicity

Bacterial Infections ; drug therapy ; Child ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; beta-Lactamases ; biosynthesis

The aim of this research is to investigate the influence of microencapsulation on the expression of the oxidative stress genes and exogenous regulation of HepG2 cells. We compared the expression of hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) and glutathione S-transferases-A1 (GST-A1) in HepG2 cells under different culture conditions through real-time PCR. The effects of exogenous antioxidants on cell viability and albumin levels were also evaluated through MTT assay and ELISA assay. The results showed that after culturing for 6 and 16 days, the expression levels of HO-1 in encapsulated cells were approximately 4.9 and 3.1 times higher than that of monolayer cells at the same culture period; As for the expression levels of GST-A1, they were elevated to 11.2 and 33 times of monolayer cells (P < 0.05). Accordingly, we found that NAC at 5-10 mmol/L significantly increased the viability by 40%-70% and the biosynthetic function by 20%-30% in microencapsulated HepG2 cells (P < 0.05). GSH increased the viability of the encapsulated cells by 20%-55% and the biosynthetic function by 15% (P < 0.05). In conclusion, oxidative stress exists in the microcapsules and affects genes expression. Exogenous antioxidants can prevent the inhibition effects of oxidative stress on cellular growth.
Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; Cell Survival ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Glutathione Transferase ; metabolism ; Heme Oxygenase-1 ; metabolism ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Oxidative Stress

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Diseases ; Organometallic Compounds ; poisoning

Objective To report the clinical features a nd pathologic findings of 1 case of mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the ki dney. Methods The patient who had a 20-year history of taking oral contraceptive was a 50-year-old woman with pain in left flank asso ciated with hematuria for half a year.CT and MRI revealed an 8 cm?6 cm cystic a nd solid mass located in the upper pole of the left kidney.A diagnosis of cystic renal carcinoma was made before operation.Radical left nephrectomy was performe d in July 2004. Results The upper pole of the left kidne y was found severely adhesive with peripheral tissues du- ring operation.Gro ssly,the tumor exhibited a 7.9 cm?8.9 cm?9.0 cm multilocular cyst full of coff ee- colored mucoid fluid with varying size ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 cm.Focall y thick-walled cysts with solid areas were seen.Microscopic findings showed the tumor was composed of a mixture of stromal elements formed by spindle cells and epithelial elements that were variable in cell types including cuboidal,columna r and hobnail cells.Differentiation of gastrointestinal tract was found in epith elial elements.Thick-walled blood vessels and distinctive bands of smooth muscl e cells were present in the stromal elements.Immunohistochemical staining reveal ed that the epithelial component was positive for AE1/AE3,and stromal component was positive for ER,PR,and SMA.No specific treatment was given and the patient w as free of signs of recurrence 8 months after operation. Conclusions Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney is recognized to b e a kind of benign neoplasm.Differentiation of gastrointestinal tract in epithel ial elements is rare.It should be distinguished from any other benign and malign ant tumors in the kidney.

Objective:To study the expression levels of nuclear factor kappa B, Bcl-2 associated K and TNF-αproteins to discuss the effects of NF-κB and Bak proteins in the pathogenesis of UC.Methods:Eighty clean grade of adult Sprague-Dawley( SD) rats were used,male and female in half and then rando mly selected sixty as the model group,another twenty as the control group.SD rats model were manufactured by a compound method:Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid ( TNBS )+ethanol.We observed and assessed colonic mucosa by the general morphology and histological changes.To applicated immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR methods to detected the protein and mRNA expression levels of NF-κB,Bak and TNF-αin the model groups and the control group and to analysed their relationships.Results:The successful rate of making model was 97%.The number of inflammatory cells in the model groups more than the control(P<0.01).Group immunohistochemical and RT-PCR,NF-κB and TNF-αproteins and mRNA in UC colon epithelium cells and inflammatory cells were higher than the control(P<0.01).Bak protein in inflammatory cells were lower than the control(P<0.01),but there was no statistical significance in epithelial cells(P>0.05).The expression levels of NF-κB,TNF-αincreased as the histological grade increased(P<0.05),however,the expression level of Bak decreased(P<0.05).NF-κB in colonic mucosa of rats with UC had a significantly positive correlation with that of TNF-α(r=0.892,P<0.01),and negatively correlated with that of Bak(r=-0.793,P<0.01).Conclusion:The levels of NF-κB and Bak may be related to the occurrence and development of UC.