2. Preparation of aminophylline patches and their pharmacokinetics in rabbits after navel adminstration
Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal 2012;47(23):1925-1930
OBJECTIVE: To prepare aminophylline patches and study the pharmacokinetic characteristics in rabbits after application on navel. METHODS: Aminophylline patches were prepared by hot-envelop method. Modified Franz diffusion cells were employed to screen permeation enhancers with excised rat abdomen skins as diffusion barrier. The concentration of aminophylline in rabbit plasma was determined by HPLC after aminophylline solution was irrigated intragastrically and the aminophylline patches were applied on notum and navel, respectively. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and the pharmacokinetic profiles were characterized by comparing the above three groups with statistical analysis. RESULTS: Based on the excised rat skin permeation test, 3% menthol-propanediol (1: 1) mixture was the optimal permeation enhancer with a steady state permeation rate of (9.08 ± 0.21) μg · cm-2 · h-1. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of, notum application group and navel application group were as follows: ρmax were (13.42 ± 1.10), (4.53 ± 0.39) and (5.77 ± 0.44) μg · mL-1 and tmax(1.83 ± 0.29), (5.67 ± 0.58) and (4.33 ± 0.58) h, AUC0→t, (47.65 ± 3.46), (31.65 ± 4.11) and (39.97 ± 3.14) μg · h · mL-1, t1/2 (1. 90 ± 0.30), (2.45 ± 0.07) and (1.90 ± 0.06) h, Ka(2.01 ± 0.55), (0.33 ± 0.02) and (0.55 ± 0.04) h-1, tlag were (0.19 ± 0.04), (0.59 ± 0.03) and (0.32 ± 0.19) h, respectively. The relative bioavailabilities of aminophylline after notum and navel application were (67.41 ± 19.11)% and (84.81 ± 18.03)% respectively compared with intragastrical irrigation group. CONCLUSION: The preparation process of aminophylline patches with desirable skin permeation property is practicable. Aminophylline patches are able to realize sustained-drug release and have higher bioavailability after navel application compared with notum application.
3.Evaluation of clinical efficacy of BAY 38-4766 for cytomegalovirus rentinitis
Ai-ping, YU ; Yun, XIAO ; Xiao-wei, GAO ; Ming, LI
Chinese Journal of Experimental Ophthalmology 2012;30(9):844-846
Background At present,researches about retinitis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) mainly focus on observation and analysis of the cytomegalovirus (CMV)-induced ocular complication.To screen the effective drugs is very important for the treatment of AIDS-related CMV-induced retinitis.Objective This study was to describe the clinical features,diagnosis and treatment outcome of CMV-induced retinitis with BAY 38-4766 and evaluate the relationship between CMV retinitis and AIDS.Methods This was a case observational study.A total of 154 eyes of 84 patients with CMV retinitis and AIDS were enrolled in this study.Before the definitive diagnosis of CMV retinitis,the AIDS course of these patients were 4-26 months.In the initial examination,the visual acuity ranged from finger counting to 0.4,and the number of CD4+ T-lymphocyte was 0-30 cells/μl.The survival time in the patients ranged from 3 weeks to 18 months.BAY 38-4766 was used in 117 eyes of 62 patients,and 102 eyes of 53 patients showed the srinked of retinal lesion and improvement of vision (0.1-0.7).BAY 38-4766 was used to treat the CMV retinitis in 117 eyes of 62 patients with the initial intravenous dose of 5 mg/kg,twice per day for consecutive 2 weeks and followed by oral dose 1 gram per day.The follow-up duration was 2 weeks to 18 months.The fundus feature,visual acuity and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts were analyzed.This study proposal was approved by Ethic Committee of the 474th Hospital of PLA,and written informed consent was obtained from each patient prior to entering this study.Results The numbers of CD4+T-lymphocytes increased to 12-402 eells/μl after administration of BAY 38-4766.The CMV retinitis aggravated and the vision decreased in the untreated 22 patients with the CD4+T-lymphocytes 0-30 cells/μl.Conclusions CMV retinitis is the most common intraocular complication in patients with AIDS.Diagnosis of CMV retinitis is based on the characteristics of necrotizing retinitis,which is typically associated with retinal hemorrhage and vasculitis.BAY 38-4766 is an effective drug for the treatment of CMV retinitis.
4.Clinical and MR features of fungal encephalopyosis and granuloma
Xiao YU ; Qinli SUN ; Zhijie JIAN ; Jie GAO ; Bolang YU
Journal of Practical Radiology 2016;32(12):1842-1844
Objective To investigate the clinical and MR features of fungal encephalopyosis and fungal granuloma.Methods The clinical and MR data of 10 cases with fungal encephalopyosis and fungal granuloma confirmed by surgical pathology or clinical serum were analyzed retrospectively.Then we analyzed the clinical conditions,MR signals,lesion enhancement,DWI and MRS performance characteristics of the 10 cases.Results Six cases were fungal encephalopyosis,among which 2 cases occurred in the sella turcica after surgery which located in and above the sella turcica.2 cases occurred in the frontal lobe after frontal surgery and 1 case of them was multiple encephalopyosis.2 cases of encephalopyosis without operation history were located in the left frontal lobe and right cerebellum respectively.The abscess walls of these cases were thin and showed high tension.Furthermore,it had annular significant signal enhancement and high signal in DWI scan.One case of huge fungal granuloma located in the frontal lobe and into the sinuses which showed uneven signal enhancement. The Cho level was significantly increased.Three cases of cryptococcal granuloma showed multiple lesions located in the bilateral basal ganglia region and 2 out of them accompanied with cephalomeningitis.Conclusion The MR performance of fungal encephalopyosis was quite similar with bacterial brain abscesses,which makes the differential diagnosis difficult.The brain fungal granuloma MRS may display a significant increase of Cho level which might be related with gliosis.It shows certain characteristics of brain MR performance of cryptococcal granuloma which are multiple lesions,preferential distribution of basal ganglia region and accompanying cephalomeningitis.
5.An exploration in the action targets for antidepressant bioactive components of Xiaoyaosan based on network pharmacology.
Yao GAO ; Li GAO ; Xiao-xia GAO ; Yu-zhi ZHOU ; Xue-mei QIN ; Jun-sheng TIAN
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica 2015;50(12):1589-1595
The present study aims to predict the action targets of antidepressant active ingredients of Xiaoyaosan to understand the "multi-components, multi-targets and multi-pathways" mechanism. Using network pharmacology, the reported antidepressant active ingredients in Xiaoyaosan (saikosaponin A, saikosaponin C, saikosaponin D, ferulic acid, Z-ligustilide, atractylenolide I, atractylenolide II, atractylenolide III, paeoniflorin, albiflorin, liquiritin, glycyrrhizic acid and pachymic acid), were used to predict the targets of main active ingredients of Xiaoyaosan according to reversed pharmacophore matching method. The prediction was made via screening of the antidepressive drug targets approved by FDA in the DrugBank database and annotating the information of targets with the aid of MAS 3.0 biological molecular function software. The Cytoscape software was used to construct the Xiaoyaosan ingredients-targets-pathways network. The network analysis indicates that the active ingredients in Xiaoyaosan involve 25 targets in the energy metabolism-immune-signal transmutation relevant biological processes. The antidepressant effect of Xiaoyaosan reflects the features of traditional Chinese medicine in multi-components, multi-targets and multi-pathways. This research provides a scientific basis for elucidation of the antidepressant pharmacological mechanism of Xiaoyaosan.
Antidepressive Agents
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pharmacology
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Benzoates
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Bridged-Ring Compounds
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Coumaric Acids
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Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
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Drugs, Chinese Herbal
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pharmacology
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Flavanones
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Glucosides
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Glycyrrhizic Acid
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Lactones
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Medicine, Chinese Traditional
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Monoterpenes
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Sesquiterpenes
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Software
6.The application of mechanical ventilation in whole lung lavage of pneumoconiosis.
Ji-Wei GAO ; Xin-Yu XIAO ; Xing CAO
Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases 2011;29(4):274-274
Adult
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Bronchoalveolar Lavage
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methods
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Female
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Humans
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Male
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Middle Aged
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Pneumoconiosis
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therapy
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Respiration, Artificial
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Young Adult
7.Research progress on the relationship between frailty and motor system diseases
Chao GAO ; Xiao TAN ; Chunbo DUAN ; Pulin YU
Chinese Journal of Geriatrics 2017;36(7):818-821
With the aging of the global population,frailty is now considered a unique old age syndrome,has become an important worldwide public health problems.The elderly people is at increased risk of falls,hip fractures,disability,death and other risks.Motor system disease as an independent risk factor participates in frailty progress and interacts with each other.This article reviews recent studies on frailty and motor system diseases.
8.Effects of road transport on hematological and biochemical parameters in new zealand rabbits
Chuanxin YU ; Xiuxiu GAO ; Zicheng WAN ; Wang LIANG ; Xiao WANG
Chinese Journal of Comparative Medicine 2017;27(7):53-58
Objective To observe the effects of road transport on hematological and biochemical parameters in New Zealand rabbits.Methods A total of 12 healthy New Zealand rabbits were selected for 2 h road transport.Blood samples were collected at 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after transport, respectively.White blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (MCV), mean erythrocyte hemoglobin content (MCH), mean erythrocyte hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and platelets (PLT) were measured using a blood analyzer.Blood alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin (ALB), total protein (TP), urea nitrogen (UREA), creatinine, uric acid (UA), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (COHL), glucose (GLU), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (CRP), α-amylase (AMYL), and creatine kinase (CK) were detected by an automatic biochemical analyzer.Results Compared the parameters before and after transport, The WBC count was increased first (P< 0.05 or P < 0.01) and then decreased after transport, the levels of RBC, HGB, HCT and PLT were decreased first (P< 0.05 or P < 0.01) and then increased after transport, and MCV was significantly high at 96 h after transport (P< 0.05).Among the clinical biochemical parameters, ALT, AST and BUN were firstly elevated (P< 0.05 or P < 0.01) and then decreased.TP, ALB as well as CREA and TG were firstly decreased (P< 0.05 or P < 0.01) and then increased.GLU was significantly low at 24 h after transport (P< 0.05).All parameters except MCV at 96 h after transport were not significantly different from those before transport.Conclusions Changes of blood routine, liver and kidney function indexes, lipid metabolism indexes, glucose metabolism index and creatine kinase index are observed in the New Zealand rabbits after 2-hour road transportation, and all the indicators except MCV return to pre-transport levels within 96 h.
10.Summary of the 13th annual conference of Chinese Geriatrics Society
Xiao TAN ; Chao GAO ; Baiyu ZHOU ; Pulin YU
Chinese Journal of Geriatrics 2016;35(8):913-914
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