Objective To explore the effects and mechanism of bexarotene in combination with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) on apoptosis of leukemic cell line KG1a. Methods KG1a cells at logarithmic growth phase were obtained, and were divided into TRAIL group, bexarotene group, 300 ng/mL TRAIL in combination with bexarotene group and 2.0 μmol/L bexaroten in combination with TRAIL group. Cell apoptosis rate was detected in each group by flow cytometry. Flow cytometry was also employed to determine the apoptosis rates of KG1a cells after treatment with bexarotene and TRAIL in different sequences. The expression of Fas associated death domain-like IL-1 beta converting enzyme inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) was detected by Western blotting. Results There was no significant difference in cell apoptosis rates between TRAIL group and bexarotene group of each concentration (except for bexarotene 2.0 μmol/L) (P > 0.05). The cell apoptosis rates of 300 ng/mL TRAIL in combination with bexarotene group and 2.0 μmol/L bexaroten in combination with TRAIL group were significantly higher than those in TRAIL group and bexarotene group of each corresponding concentration (P <0.01). Sequential analysis revealed that bexarotene could reverse the resistance of KG1a cells to TRAIL (P < 0.001). Compared with single use of 2.0 μmol/L bexarotene or 300 ng/mL TRAIL, combination use could significantly down-regulated the expression of c-FLIP (P < 0.05). Conclusion Bexarotene can significantly enhance the apoptosis of KG1a cells induced by TRAIL, which may be attributed to the down-regulation of c-FLIP expression.

AIM:To investigate the effects of 1.8mm coaxial micro incision phacoemulsification on corneal endothelial injury and postoperative visual acuity.METHODS: Totally 145 eyes in 120 patients underwent phacoemulsification from July 2013 to July 2015 were randomly divided into observation group 60 cases (73 eyes) and control group 60 cases (72 eyes).The observation group 60 cases were given 1.8mm coaxial micro incision cataract phacoemulsification operation,while the control group were given traditional 3.2mm coaxial micro incision cataract surgery.The uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA),best corrected visual acuity (BCVA),corneal thickness of incision area,incision width,incision length,macular retinal thickness,surgically induced astigmatism,corneal endothelial cell counts and complications of the two groups were compared.RESULTS: The UCVA and BCVA on 1wk after surgery of the observation group were significantly higher than the control group (t=3.604,7.109;P<0.05);the width of incision on 1wk and 1mo after surgery of the observation group were significantly less than the control group (t=205.3,225.2;P<0.05).The length of incision in observation group was significantly greater than the control group (t=3.926,5.009;P<0.05).Macular retinal thickness 1wk after surgery of the observation group was significantly less than the control group (t=2.817,P<0.05).The surgically induced astigmatism was significantly less than the control group (t=19.43,22.16;P<0.01);the difference of corneal edema between the two groups was not significant (8.22% vs 11.11%) (x2=0.348,P>0.05).CONCLUSION: The 1.8mm micro incision phacoemulsification is helpful to improve the visual acuity of patients with cataract phacoemulsification,which may be related to the reduction of corneal cell injury,enhancement of corneal closure and decrease post-operation corneal original astigmatism.

Adult ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; China ; epidemiology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Rubella ; epidemiology ; Rubella virus ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Seroepidemiologic Studies

Dysentery, Bacillary ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Shigella ; genetics

Biopsy ; Biopsy, Needle ; Bone Marrow ; pathology ; Bone Marrow Examination ; methods ; Bone Marrow Neoplasms ; pathology ; secondary ; Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; Cytological Techniques ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology

italic>Ardisia crispa (Thunb.) A. DC. is a traditional Miao medicinal herb with significant therapeutic effects in the treatment of sore throat, tonsillitis, edema of nephritis and bruising and rheumatism, etc. Ardisia crispa var. amplifolia and Ardisia crispa var. dielsii are varieties of A. crispa. A. crispa var. amplifolia and A. crispa var. dielsii are controversial in terms of species evolutionary relationships and taxonomic identification. In this study, we sequenced the whole genome sequences of A. crispa var. amplifolia and A. crispa var. dielsii chloroplasts using Illumina platform, assembled, annotated and characterized them, compared the structural features and degree of variation among chloroplast genomes using bioinformatics methods, and also downloaded constructing phylogenetic trees to analyze the phylogenetic relationships of chloroplasts in Primulaceae and Myrsinaceae using whole genome sequence information. The results showed that the complete chloroplast genome sequences of A. crispa var. amplifolia and A. crispa var. dielsii were 156 749 bp and 156 748 bp in length, with 132 genes annotated, including 87 protein-coding genes; the codon preference of A/U was greater than that of G/C; The differences in the coding regions of rps15 and rpoB genes in the comparative genome analysis can be used as loci for molecular identification of the two species; the differences in the coding regions of ycf1, ycf2, rpoC1, ycf3, petD and rpl16 genes in the chloroplast genome compared with those of the same genus can be used as loci for identification of the genus. In the phylogenetic results, A. crispa var. amplifolia and A. crispa var. dielsii were clustered together with 100% support, indicating that they are closely related. In this research, we analyzed the chloroplast genome structure and phylogenetic relationships of A. crispa var. amplifolia and A. crispa var. dielsii, providing an important theoretical basis for their molecular identification, genetic variation, breeding and phylogenetic analysis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the apoptotic situation of CD(34) positive cells in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).

METHODIn 36 MDS patients, immunocytochemical technique was used for the detection of the expression of CD(34) antigen and DNA in situ end labelling (ISEL) (fluorescein) for the apoptotic signals. Fourteen cases of iron deficiency anemias (IDA) were used as controls.

RESULTS(1) CD(34) expression in MDS group was much higher than that in controls (49.2 +/- 38.5 vs 10.2 +/- 9.7, P < 0.01), and MDS cases had an obviously higher apoptotic rate than control did (69.1 +/- 28.2 vs 17.8 +/- 11.2, P < 0.01). (2) Expression of CD(34) was higher in transforming group (P < 0.05) than in non-transforming and post-transforming groups. Apoptotic rates in both non-transforming/transforming group were higher than in post-transforming group (P < 0.02 and < 0.05 respectively). (3) No apoptosis was found in CD(34) positive cells in MDS; (4) Both CD(34) positive cells and apoptotic cells formed into small or large clusters but did not co-distributed in a given area.

CONCLUSIONThere is overexpression of CD(34) antigen on hematopoietic cells in MDS. High CD(34) expression accompanied high apoptosis coexisted in the process of transformation from MDS to AML. Apoptosis-resistance of these CD(34) positive cells suggested that they came from malignant hematopoietic cell clones.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Apoptosis ; Bone Marrow Cells ; immunology ; pathology ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; immunology ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the total in situ apoptotic cell number and the apoptotic situation in erythroid cell and megakaryocytes in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).

METHODSApoptosis cell number and the apoptotic situation of erythroid cell and megakaryocytes were analysed on cold embedded bone marrow sections from 25 MDS patients by DNA in situ end labelling (ISEL)/alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) double stained techniques. Fourteen cases of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) were taken as control.

RESULTSMean apoptotic cell numbers in MDS and control group were (39.44 +/- 29.34)/mm(2) and (13.43 +/- 8.39)/mm(2) respectively (P < 0.01). RA/RAS subtypes had a higher apoptosis ratio (47.56 +/- 32.86/mm(2)) than that in RAEB/RAEB-t subtypes (21.87 +/- 13.65/mm(2)) (P < 0.05). Double staining showed similar apoptosis percentage in erythroid cell and megakaryocytes in MDS patients comparing with that of controls (P > 0.05). Some apoptotic cells showing erythroid or megakaryocytic morphologic characteristics expressed no cluster differentiation antigen.

CONCLUSIONOverapoptosis existed in MDS, RA/RAS group had a higher apoptosis ratio than RAEB/RAEB-t group. No obvious increased apoptosis in erythroid cell and megakaryocytes was observed in MDS perhaps due to the loss of surface antigens in later stages of apoptotic cells.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; immunology ; Apoptosis ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Child ; DNA ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; genetics ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo explore polarization of T lymphocyte and its relationship with apoptosis of marrow cells in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).

METHODSMeasurements of Th1, Th2, Tc1, Tc2 subsets in bone marrows from 34 patients with MDS and 13 normal controls were performed by flow cytometry. INF-gamma and TNF-alpha in marrow serum were determined by ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Apoptosis index of marrow cells was detected by TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling). Correlations between Th1, Th2, Tc1, Tc2 subsets and INF-gamma, TNF-alpha levels as well as apoptosis index were analyzed, and relationship between TNF-alpha, INF-gamma levels and apoptosis index was also investigated.

RESULTS(1) The percentage of Th1 cells [(10.1 +/- 1.6)%], Tc1 cells [(24.0 +/- 3.6)%] and Tc1/Tc2 ratio (50.0 +/- 11.1) was significantly increased in patients with MDS than in normal controls [(4.0 +/- 0.5)%, (5.8 +/- 0.6)% and 13.4 +/- 2.7, respectively]. Levels of INF-gamma [(58.6 +/- 21.7) microg/L] and TNF-alpha [(15.7 +/- 3.8) microg/L] in marrow serum of MDS patients was markedly elevated compared to normal controls [0 and (0.3 +/- 0.2) microg/L, respectively]. An increased apoptosis index of nucleated cells was observed in MDS patients [(7.8 +/- 1.5)%] as compared to controls [(2.1 +/- 0.3)%, P < 0.05]. The Th1 cell percentage showed a positive correlation with the levels of INF-gamma and TNF-alpha (r = 0.38, P < 0.05 and r = 0.39, P < 0.05, respectively), and with apoptotic index of nucleated marrow cells in MDS patients (r = 0.33, P < 0.05). Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between INF-gamma, TNF-alpha levels and apoptotic index of marrow cells (r = 0.74, P < 0.01 and r = 0.73, P < 0.01, respectively). (2) Th1, Tc1 cells and Tc1/Tc2 ratio in MDS-RCMD patients was markedly elevated (P < 0.01) but did not in RCMD-RS, RAEB-1 and RAEB-2 patients as compared to normal controls. (3) An elevation in the percentages of Th1, Tcl and Tc1/ Tc2 ratio was detected in patients with IPSS lower-risk but did not in higher-risk group as compared to controls. (4) Increased Th1 and Tc1 percentages and Th1/Th2 and Tc1/Tc2 ratios were observed in RCMD patients with normal karyotype, but did not in those with abnormal karyotype. Conclusions Th1/Th2 and Tc1/Tc2 in bone marrow of MDS patients were unbalanced, polarizing to type I reaction especially in patients with RCMD subtype, IPSS lower-risk and normal karyotype. The increased Th1 cells in bone marrow may account for the increased apoptosis of nucleated marrow cells in MDS, through proapoptotic cytokines such as INF-gamma and TNF-alpha.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Apoptosis ; immunology ; Bone Marrow ; immunology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Hematopoietic System ; immunology ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the biological difference of clonal cells between myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

METHODBone marrow (BM) clonal cells (which had cytogenetic markers detected by FISH assay) and blasts were quantitatively analysed in 51 MDS and 11 AML patients. The clonal cell percentage in orthochromatic normoblasts, granulocytes and megakaryocytes were assayed. The biological functions for phagocytosis and oxidation of MDS peripheral blood (PB) neutrophils were compared with that of normal controls.

RESULTSAlmost all MDS patients BM had a higher clonal cell percentage (mean 48.2%) than blasts percentage (mean 6.7%) (P < 0.01), but with the subtype of MDS advancing this percentage gap was closing up, and in 11 AML patients no such gap was observed. This gap in MDS patients with + 8 abnormality was smaller than in those with 5q -. In MDS BM, clonal cells were detected in segmented granulocytes (mean 45.9%), orthochromatic normoblasts (mean 46.0%) and mature megakaryocytes (mean 38.0%). In Addition, an approximate amount of clonal cells with the same karyotype abnormality in BM were detected in MDS PB (mean 37.3% in blood vs 48.6% in marrow). Functional analysis showed that the neutrophils in MDS PB could exert nearly normal physiological functions (P > 0.05), but those from AML could not as compared to healthy donors (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThere is a significant difference in the biological features between MDS and AML clonal cells.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Marrow Cells ; pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; Clone Cells ; Female ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; pathology