Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on noise-induced hearing loss in guinea pigs.Methods Twenty-four adult male guinea pigs,aged 3 months,weighing 400-500 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table:dexmedetomdine group (group D),noise-induced hearing loss group (group N) and dexmedetomidine + noise-induced hearing loss group (group DN).A loading dose of dexmedetomidine 5 μg/kg was infused over 5 min,followed by 135 min of infusion at a rate of 10 μg· kg-1 · h-1.The equal volume of normal saline was infused in group N.Groups N and DN were exposed to noise of 4 kHz center frequency and 118-122 dB SPL for 120 min starting from 20 min of administration.Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cochlear blood flow (COBF) were recorded before administration and every 5 min during drug administration.The changing rate of COBF was calculated.Arterial blood samples were collected for determination of plasma concentration of noradrenaline (NE) by high performance liquid chromatography at 20 and 140 min of administration.Auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold was recorded before administration and at 1 and 72 h and 10 days after the end of administration.Results Compared with group N,MAP was significantly decreased,the changing rate of COBF was increased at 5-10 min and 30-140 min of administration,ABR threshold was decreased at 1 and 72 h and 10 days after the end of administration,and the plasma concentration of NE was decreased at 140 min of administration in D + N group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can attenuate noise-induced hearing loss in guinea pigs possibly through inhibiting activation of sympathetic nerves and increasing COBF.

Objective To test whether multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification(MLPA)could be used for the prenatal detection of the most common aneuploidies of chromosomes 13,18,21,X,and Y.Methods 34 cases including 22 blood samples(12 with trisomy 21,1 with monosomy X,one male witll extra Y and 8 healthy persons),4 cord blood samples with Down syndrome and 8 amniotic fluid samples ( 1 with trisomy 21 and 7 normal fetuses)were recruited into this study.All samples were confirmed by karvotype analysis. DNA was extracted from blood and amniotic lysate was incubated with proteinase K.MLPA was used to determine the relative copy numbers.Results The resuhs were available within 48 h and were concordant with karyotype analysis in all but one case of amniotic fluid that was suggested to be triploid sample 69,XXY by MLPA or contaminated by maternal blood.This sample actually was found containing a number of red blood cells after centfifugation in test. In total,the concordance rate with clinical characteristics was 97.1%.The Ratio values of 13,18,21,X in normal samples were approaching 1.0 except chromosome Y having slightly higher variation in relative copy number.The difference of ratio means between the normal and trisomy 21 samples was statistically significant by one-way ANOVA(F=298.906.P=0.000).Conclusion Computer assisted MLPA with high sensitivity is a rapid,simple,automatic and reliable method for detection of common chromosomal aneuploidies.

Aluminum ; toxicity ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective To investigate the clinical results of minimally invasive fixation of the sacroiliac triangle for vertically unstable pelvic posterior ring injury. Methods A retrospective study was conducted of 20 patients who had been treated for vertically unstable pelvic posterior ring from January 2014 to August 2016. They were 12 males and 8 females, aged from 20 to 58 years ( average, 35 years ) . According to Tile classification for pelvic fractures, there were 4 cases of type C1. 1, 6 cases of type C1. 2, 7 cases of type C1. 3 and 3 cases of type C2. Their posterior rings were treated by fixation through posterior paraspinal approach with S1-iliac pedicle screws plus percutaneous sacroiliac screws, and their anterior rings by closed reduction and internal fixation with cannulated screws, Infix or plate following open reduction. The incision length, operation time and intraoperative blood loss were recorded. Postoperative reduction quality was assessed by Matta radio-logical criteria and pelvic function by Majeed criteria at the final follow-ups. Results Altogether 20 fixation systems of S1-iliac pedicle screws and 37 sacroiliac joint screws were inserted in this series. The length of incision ranged from 5. 5 to 7. 6 cm ( average, 6. 2 cm ) , the operation time from 89 to 130 minutes ( average, 98 minutes) and the intraoperative blood loss from 110 to 320 mL (average, 195 mL). According to Matta ra-diological criteria, reduction was excellent in 13, good in 5 and fair in 2 cases, with an excellent and good rate of 90％. The follow-up time for the 20 patients ranged from 6 to 15 months ( average, 9 months ) . The healing time ranged from 10 to 14 weeks ( average, 12. 5 weeks ) . At the final follow-ups, X-ray and CT three-dimensional reconstruction showed fine fracture union. By the Majeed criteria, the pelvic function was excellent in 11 cases, good in 5, fair in 3, and poor in one, with an excellent and good rate of 80％. No loosening, breakage or pull-out of pedicle screws or sacroiliac screws happened. Conclusion Minimally invasive fixation of the sacroiliac triangle for vertically unstable pelvic posterior ring injury can lead to precise placement, quick recovery, small incision and good functional outcome.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the compatible stability of Xiao'aiping injection combined with 3 kinds of common in-jections. METHODS:Referring to package inserts,Xiao'aiping injection 40 mL was compatible with 5% Glucose injection,10%Glucose injection or 0.9% Sodium chloride injection 160 mL,respectively. At room temperature(about 25 ℃)and high tempera-ture(40 ℃),the appearance of mixtures were observed at 0,1,2,4,8,12,24,48 h;pH value and the number of insoluble particles were detected. The contents of tenacissoside A and tenacissoside Ⅰ in mixtures were determined by HPLC. RESULTS:Un-der above condition,the mixtures were brownish yellow liquid within 48 h after Xiao'aiping injection was compatible with 5%Glucose injection or 10% Glucose injection;24 h after mixed with 0.9% Sodium chloride injection,the mixture changed from brownish yellow to reddish brown,but no precipitation was found. The pH value of mixtures had no significant change(RSD<1%,n=8). The number of particles ≥25 μm was in line with the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopeia(2015 edition). For-ty-eight hours after mixing,the number of particles ≥10 μm in the mixtures exceeded the pharmacopoeia limits. Within 48 h after mixing,the relative contents of tenacissoside A and tenacissoside I in mixtures had no significant change(RSD<2%,n=8). CON-CLUSIONS:The mixture should be used up within 24 h after Xiao'aiping injection combined with 5% Glucose injection,10%Glucose injection or 0.9% Sodium chloride injection.

In order to increase the SNR of the prostate image, we have designed a RF endorectal coil. Its properties have been evaluated using a network analyzer. Moreover the images got with a special phantom show that the coil has much higher SNR at the region of interest (ROI).
Algorithms ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Image Enhancement ; instrumentation ; methods ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; instrumentation ; methods ; Male ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Prostate ; anatomy & histology ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Flavonoids, including flavones, flavonols, anthocyanins, flavanones, chalcones, flavan, proanthocyanidins, isoflavonoids and biflavonoids, etc, are natural components in our diet and plants. Several beneficial properties have been attributed to these compounds, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic effects, etc. Flavonoid preparations are marketed as herbal medicines or dietary supplements for a variety of alleged nontoxic therapeutic effects. However, they have yet to pass controlled clinical trials for efficacy, and their potential for toxicity is an understudied field of research. This review summarizes the current studies on the toxicity induced by flavonoids and gives some advices for ingesting flavonoids.
Animals ; Antioxidants ; toxicity ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; metabolism ; Dietary Supplements ; adverse effects ; toxicity ; Drug Interactions ; Flavonoids ; adverse effects ; isolation & purification ; toxicity ; Free Radical Scavengers ; toxicity ; Humans ; Isoflavones ; isolation & purification ; toxicity ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical effects and significances of a cervical anterior Hybrid technique with posterior longitudinal ligament retained in treating cervical spondylosis.

METHODSThe clinical data of 138 patients with cervical spondylosis underwent cervical anterior Hybrid surgery were retrospectively analyzed from March 2009 to March 2013. There were 52 males and 86 females,the age ranged from 36 to 58 years old with an average of 45.3 years. Course of disease was from 3 to 16 months. Cervical spondylosis classification included 22 cases with nerve root type, 68 cases with myelopathic type, 48 cases with mixed type. All patients were treated with the primary Hybrid surgery and their cervical posterior longitudinal ligaments were retained in anterior decompression. JOA score and image examination were used to evaluate clinical effect, and image examination included range of motion of the replacement segment, range of motion of the whole cervical spine, the sagittal diameter of the spinal cord before and after operation.

RESULTSAll operations were successful and operation time was 60 to 125 min (averaged 90.6 min), perioperative bleeding was 10 to 60 ml (averaged 30.1 ml). All patients were followed up from 12 to 48 months with an average of 22.2 months. All pathological segments obtained fully decompression, reserved posterior longitudinal ligament had no obvious hypertrophy, proliferation and calcification. The prosthesis had good location and the incision healed well without complications. Upper limbs root symptoms were completely relieved in the patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy, muscle strengths and sensations got different recovery in the patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy. JOA score was increased from preoperative 8.62±1.22 to final follow-up 14.26±1.47 (P<0.05). Artificial intervertebral discs were stabilized in the patients, the replacement segment and range of motion of whole cervical spine were respectively (14.2± 5.6)° and (33.8±10.3)°, there was no significant differences between preoperative and postoperative (P>0.05). Spinal cord sagittal diameter was increased from preoperative (5.2±1.3) mm to postoperative (8.8±0.5) mm (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONAnterior cervical Hybrid surgery with posterior longitudinal ligament retained can achieve fully decompression and good clinical efficacy, we recommend retaining the normal posterior longitudinal ligament in surgery as complete as possible.

Adult ; Cervical Vertebrae ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Longitudinal Ligaments ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fusion ; methods ; Spondylosis ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo compare the effect of transumbilical single-site single-port with that of transumbilical single-site double-port laparoscopic varicocelectomy in the treatment of varicocele in adolescents.

METHODSWe randomly assigned 80 varicocele patients aged 10 - 16 years to two groups of equal number to receive transumbilical single-site single-port and single-site double-port laparoscopic varicocelectomy, respectively. We compared the operation time, postoperative hospital stay, incisional pain, complications and satisfaction with the abdominal cosmetic outcomes between the two groups.

RESULTSAll the operations were successfully performed. The double-port group showed a significantly higher score on the Visual Analogue Scale than the single-port group (4.8 +/- 1.4 vs 3.6 +/- 1.1, t = -4.986, P < 0.01), but there were no significant differences between the two groups in the operation time ([29.8 +/- 4.2] vs [31.2 +/- 4.6] min, t = 1.383, P = 0.171), postoperative hospital stay ([1.95 +/- 0.7] vs [1.82 +/- 0.8] d, t = -0.784, P = 0.436), complications (0 vs 0) and scores on the satisfaction with abdominal cosmetic outcomes (4.6 +/- 0.6 vs 4.8 +/- 0.5, t = 1.253, P = 0.214). No recurrence, umbilical hernia, hydrocele and orchiatrophy were found in the two groups of patients at 6 months after operation, and no visible scar was observed on the abdominal surface.

CONCLUSIONWith strict surgical indications, single-site single-port and single-site double-port laparoscopic varicocelectomies have similar clinical effects in the treatment of varicocele, which leave no scar on the abdominal surface. Single-site double-port laparoscopy needs no special instruments and therefore is worthier of wide clinical application.

Adolescent ; Child ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Operative Time ; Umbilicus ; surgery ; Varicocele ; surgery

Objective To observe the sequence of fat deposit and its relationship with insulin resistance in SD rats fed by high fat diet.Methods Normal 8-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into normal chow (NC,n=40)and high fat diet(HF,n=40)groups.Triglyceride(TG)in serum,liver and muscle were measured;glucose infusion rate(GIR)and the mRNA level of genes related to lipid metabolism in liver and muscle were determined in different stages.GIR was detected by eugiyeemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp for evaluating the insulin sensitivity.Gene expression was determined by real-time PCR.Results(1)As compared with NC group,serum TG was not increased after high fat feeding for4 and 8 weeks,it began to increase after 12 weeks [0.52(0.15-1.00) mmol/L vs O.31(0.09-0.53)retool/L, P0.05)in skeletal muscle.After 8 weeks,the expression of ACC1 in liver in HF group was increased by 20.6%,CPT-1 was decreased by 27.1%(P