AIM: To compare the components of crude and processed Dryopteris Crassirhizoma Nakai by different kinds of cutting and carbonizing. METHODS: UV-spectrometry was utilized to analyze the yield and extract content. RESULTS: Dryopteris Crassirhizoma Nakai after being curshed has the maximum in the yield, the total phenol of carbonized products, the water extract and alcohol extract. CONCLUSION: There are significant differences in intrinsic quality among various processed products of Dryopteris Crassirhizoma nakai, among them the crushed one has the highest quality, which conforms to China pharmacopeia 2000 VolⅠ.

Objective To explore the relative factors with the accidents in the cerebral palsy rehabilitation wards, and preventive measures.Methods The accident cases in the rehabilitation wards were recorded respectively.Results There was a relationship between the rehabilitated patient's accident and their parents, the patients themselves, the surroundings and the staff's consciousness of safety.Conclusion Building the safe management organization, strengthening the safety health education, promoting the surroundings in the wards and training for the staff can reduce the accident rate effectively in the rehabilitation wards.

Objective To explore disinfection efficacy of anerdian using swab and spray disinfection methods.Methods Hands of 30 subjects were randomly divided into the swab group and the spray group.The samples of before and after disinfection in each group were collected separately and observed their disinfection effect.Results The number of bacteria showed no significant difference between the two groups.The passing rate of disinfection reached 100％.The time of disinfection in the spray group was (2.58±0.32)s,significantly less than that in the swab group,(12.26±1.48)s,however,the drying time in the spray group was (42.37±1.79)s,significant longer than that in the swab group,(26.24±1.46)s.A subject hand disinfection used 0.5ml 0.2％ anerdian in the spray group,and 0.75ml 0.2％ anerdian and two cotton buds was used in the swab group.Conclusions There is identical disinfection efficacy between spray and swab methods.Spray disinfection method has short operating time,less use of disinfectant without using cotton buds,it is able to replace swab disinfection and will play an important role to reduce medical waste and health care costs.

Objective To describe the MRI features of vanishing white matter disease (VWM).Methods Ten patients diagnosed as VWM between 2008-2013 were enrolled,with the mean age of(40 ±23)months.The clinical materials and MR images of them were reviewed retrospectively.The findings of MRI were analyzed by two experienced neuroradiologists in this study,including the location (cerebrum,cerebellum,brainstem,corpus callosum and internal/external capsule),size and signal intensity of the lesions,as well as the presence of cystic degeneration,cerebrum atrophy and the abnormal signal of the basal nuclei.Results MRI of brain typically showed extensive abnormal signal in the cerebral central white matter (10/10) and the focal lesion in subcortical white matter (9/10).The involvement of U-fibers was present in 7 cases.Cystic degeneration of the affected white matter was found in 7 cases.Abnormal signal also appeared in the white matter of posterior limb of the internal capsule (8/10),the external capsule (7/10),the inner rim (the callosal-septal interface) of the corpus callosum (8/10).The lesions of the thalamus and globus pallidus were detected in 2 cases.The white matter of the brainstem and cerebellum were involved in 6 and 7 cases respectively.Conclusion VWM typically shows a diffuse and symmetrical abnormal signal in the cerebral white matter with cystic degeneration on MRI,which is usually diagnostic.

Objective To assess the safety and efficacy of a novel technology referred to as percutaneous ureteroscopic laser deroofing in the management of renal cysts.Methods From November 2014 to August 2016,59 patients having surgical indications with renal cysts were enrolled and evaluated by ultrasound and CT scan.Of all the 59 patients,36 were males and 23 were females.Their mean age was 46 years (ranging 35-64 years).41 patients complained about the reported flank and abdominal pain.18 patients were found by imaging examination.Their mean diameter of cyst was 6.3cm(ranging 4.9-9.1cm).In regards to the 59 patients,include 6 patients suffered with parapelvic cysts and 4 patients suffered with renal cyst complicated with ipsilateral renal calculi.Their mean stone surface area was 5.7 cm2 (ranging 3.4-9.8 cm2).All of the patients received combined spinal and epidural analgesia or paravertebral nerve block anesthesia.Patients were placed in the prone position for percutaneous puncture and tract dilation.Under ultrasound guidance,an eighteen gauge needle was placed inside the cyst cavity percutaneously,a metal guidewire was introduced followed by sequential dilation up to F26-28.9.8F rigid ureteroscope was inserted through the Amplazt access sheath and advanced into the cyst cavity.Then sheath and ureteroscope both returned to the exterior cyst together.Cyst wall was dissociated from perirenal adipose tissue by used ureteroscope.A majority of the collapsed cyst wall was grasped and gently pulled towards the Amplazt sheath interior using grasping forceps and incised using either Thulium (Power 40 ～50W) or Holmium laser(Power 60 ～70W) and was taken for pathological examination.Nephrostomy tube was left in place for 2-3 days and removed before discharge.For parapelvic cysts patients,ureter stent was inserted into the renal pelvis i n the dorsal lithotomy position firstly.Patients were then placed in the prone position for percutaneous puncture and tract dilation.Laser was used to incise cyst wall towards identified pelvis to create a permanent communication between the cyst and adjacent renal collecting system.F6 double-J stent was inserted into the cyst cavity at the end to prevent auto-closure for at most two months.F22 nephrostomy tube was left in renal pelvis for two weeks.For renal cyst complicated with ipsilateral renal calculi patients,a puncture was created targeting the stone through the cyst,after fragmenting and extracting the stone,the same laser was used to deroof the cyst.More than 50％ reduction in cyst volume was considered a success.The perioperative complications,hospitalization days and the effective rate of surgery were evaluated.Results All operations were conducted without intraoperative complications such as bleeding,urinary leakage or injury of the renal parenchyma and the adjacent organs.The hospital stay after the surgery was 2-4 days (mean 2.5 days).After 3-12 months follow-up (mean 8.1 months),patients underwent imaging examinations.42 out of 59 cases were completely resolved,15 were reduced to less than 50％,the total effective rate for the operation is 96.6％ (57/59).4 patients with ipsilateral renal calculi were completely clear.However,two cases failed probably due to incomplete resection and follow treated with laparoscopic renal cyst deroofing.Conclusions Percutaneous ureteroscopy renal cyst laser deroofing is a safe,effective,less invasive,which can be performed in any endourological center without the need of special instruments and training.

Objective To study the effects of a synthetic miR3619-5p mimics on bladder carcinoma cell lines of EJ and T24 in vitro.Methods EJ and T24 cells were cultured in vitro and treated with three different processing:negative control group(tinfection with dsControl),positive control group(infection with dsP21-322) and the experimental group(infection with miR-3619-5p)during October 2015 to March 2016.Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qPCR) was performed to detect the expression of p21 mRNA,cell cycle protein D1 (CyclinD1) and cell cycle-dependent kinase (CDK4 and CDK6) mRNA.Western Blot method was conducted to evaluate the expression of p21,CyclinD1 and CDK4 and CDK6 proteins;the change of cell cycle was displayed by flow cytometric analysis.Colony formation assay was used to test the ability of single cancer cell clone proliferation.Cell proliferation assay(MTS) was implemented to observed the inhibitive effect of cell proliferative potential.Results qPCR results showed that miR-3619-5p upregulated p21 mRNA expression (P ＜ 0.05),while the expression of CyclinD1,CDK4 and CDK6 were a little lower(P ＜ 0.05) in EJ and T24cells,respectively.Western Blot analysis testified that the expressions of p21,CyclinD1,CDK4 and CDK6 were difference among groups.Flow cytometry displayed that,the G0/ G1 phase increased significantly after transfected with miR-3619-5p and dsP21-322,compared with dsControl group(P ＜ 0.05),indicating that the cell cycle block in G0/G1 phase.Cell colony formation assay certified that the colony formation rates were less in the groups of miR-3619-5p and dsP21-322 than in that of dsControl group(P ＜ 0.05).Cell proliferation assay demonstrated that,cell proliferation ability decreased obviously when transfected with miR-3619-5p and dsP21-322 (P ＜0.05),compared with dsControl group.Conclusions miR-3619-5p could up-regulate the expression of p21 by RNA activation pathway and remarkably induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase,inhibiting the proliferation of bladder cancer cells.

Objective To evaluate the medium-term outcomes of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy in patients with renal function impairment.Methods Data of 811 patients who underwent minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy between Jan.2009 and Dec.2011 were retrospectively collected.Seventy-eight patients had a preoperative estimated GFR of 30-59 ml/(min · 1.73m2).The minimum follow-up was 1 year.Patients were divided into group 1 (improved or stable disease) and group 2 (worsened disease).Patient age was (42.8 ± 16.3) and (45.3 ± 14.2) separately,with male patients 41 and 7,female patients 25 and 5 respectively.Body mass index were (24.3 ± 4.1) kg/m2 and (25.4 ±5.2) kg/m2,history of open surgery or ESWL were 19 and 4.Mild hydronephrosis were 22 and 4.Staghorn stone were 22 and 5.Multiple access were 13 and 2.Operative time was (78.2 ± 30.4) min and (80.3 ±32.3) min.Stone-free rate 1 month postoperatively were recorded.Multiple regression analysis was used.Results The stone free rate at 1 month postoperatively was 85％ by CT scan.Preoperative eGFR was (38.4±12.8) ml/(min · 1.73m2),and 1 ycar postoperative eGFR was (45.1 ±15.8) ml/(min · 1.73m2)in 78 patients.Renal function had improved in 31％ of patients,but it remained the same or deteriorated in 54％ and 15％,respectively at 1 year follow-up.On multivariate regression analysis,diabetes was associated with the deterioration of renal function.Conclusions At medium-term follow-up,renal function was maintained or improved in 85％ of patients with chronic kidney disease who underwent minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy.Minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy could be an effective and safe option for the patients with chronic renal function impairment.Diabetes mellitus was independent predictive factor of renal function impairment.Therefore,patients with diabetes should be followed up carefully.Medical management is needed if necessassry.

The concentrations of berberine (BBR) and 8-cetylberberine (8-BBR-C16) in rat plasma and tissue were determined by RP-HPLC. Both the plasma pharmacokinetics characteristic and tissue distribution differences of BBR and 8-BBR-C16 were compared to provide experimental data for the mechanism research and further drug development. After the oral administrations of BBR and 8-BBR-C16 at the dose of 80 mg x kg(-1) for rats, the pharmacokinetics result showed that compared with BBR, the C(max) and AUC(0-t), of 8-BBR-C16 increased by 2.8 times and 12.9 times respectively, t1/2 extended from 3.61 h to 11.90 h. The tissue distribution result showed that compared with BBR, the concentration of 8-BBR-C16 in various organizations increased and the retention time extended remarkably. The maximum concentration was achieved in lung and the highest concentration in it was 3 731.82 ng x g(-1). After being derived, the C(max) in plasma and bioavailability of 8-BBR-C16 increased remarkably and the circulation time in vivo extended. The drug concentration in tissue increased remarkably, and the distribution ratio changed too, with strong targeting selection in lung.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Berberine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacokinetics ; Biological Availability ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Rats ; Tissue Distribution

Objective To evaluate the predictability of MSCT perfusion in the restorability of renal function of hydronephrotie kidneys with unilateral partial ureteric obstructed rabbit model as to explore a method to predict the restorability of renal function of hydronephrotic kidneys and to investigate the changes of MSCT perfusion parameters during the course of the restore of renal function.Methods Establish a unilateral partial ureteric obstructed rabbits hydronephrotie model.Hydronephrotie rabbits were grouped as control,2,4 and 8 week(G_2w,G_4w and G_8w)after obstruction and the later 3 groups of rabbits were reared for further 4 weeks after the obstruction was released.MSCT perfusion scanning was performed and the specimen was made into histological slices with HE staining.Results BF and BV value of renal cortex and medulla of G_2w after obstruction [(864?32)ml?100 g~(-1)?min~(-1),(19.5?0.9)ml/100 g (cortex ); (182.1?7.5)ml?100g~(-1)?min~(-1),(8.37?0.51)ml/100g(medulla)]was released restored in substance and approached that of control[(899?63)ml?100g~(-1)?min~(-1),(21.6 + 1.4)ml/100 g (cortex);(193.5?16.5 )ml?100g~(-1)?min~(-1),(8.50?0.54 )ml/100 g (medulla)]while there was no significant restore in that of G_4w and G_8w after obstruction[(525?15)ml?100g~(-1)?min~(-1),(12.8? 0.6)ml/100g (G_4 w);(512?10)ml?100g~(-1)?min~(-1),(9.4?1.0)ml/100 g (G_8w)] was released. Histologically,there was a positive correlation between the duration of obstruction and the seriousness of pathologic changes.Conclusion MSCT perfusion can provide information not only morphologically but also about renal perfusion of hydronephrotic kidneys.

Objective To assess the clinical safety and feasibility for ultrasound guided paravertebral block anesthesia of percutaneous nephrolithotomy.Methods Between December 2015 to June 2016,180 patients with renal or ureteral calculi were enrolled and evaluated with uhrasonography and CT scan.Of all the 180 patients,108 males and 82 females.Their mean age was 39 years (23-71 years).The clinical characteristics of the patients in each group,such as age,gender,BMI index,ASA status,mean arterial pressure and disease type had no significant differences (P ＞ 0.05).These patients were randomized into general anesthesia group (G group),combined spinal epidural anesthesia group (C group) and paravertebral nerve block anesthesia group (P group).G group:35 males and 25 females.Their mean age was (40.1 ± 11.8) years and BMI was (25.1 ± 3.8) kg/m2;Renal calculi 52 cases,ureteral calculi 8 cases,Average maximum stone diameter was (2.6 ± 0.8)cm.C group:38 males and 22 females.Their mean age was (39.7 ± 12.4) years and BMI was (24.6 ± 4.1) kg/m2;Renal calculi 54 cases,ureteral calculi 6 cases,Average maximum stone diameter was (2.4 ± 0.8) cm.P group:35 males and 25 females.Their mean age was (38.9 ± 12.7) years and BMI was (25.4 ± 4.0) kg/m2;Renal calculi 51 cases,ureteral calculi 9 cases,Average maximum stone diameter was (2.5 ± 0.7) cm.Periprocedural Vital signs,complications,the times of anal discharging gas and postoperative feeding,hospitalized day and expense in these three groups were evaluated.Results Major intraoperative or postoperative complications did not occur in all of the patients.Mean arterial pressure decreased during preoperative changing positions was observed in group G (mean decreased 8.8 mmHg)and group C (mean decreased 1.9 mmHg),with significant difference in intra-group (P ＜ 0.05).Postoperative nausea and vomiting was observed in 8 and 2 patients of group G and group P,respectively (P ＜ 0.05).Postoperative pain was observed in 2 and 7 patients of group C and group P,respectively (P ＞ 0.05).In addition,group P had early post operation feeding time [(6.4 ± 2.4) h],shorter hospitalized day [(4.5 ± 1.1) d] and lower hospitalized expense compared with other groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Ultrasound guided paravertebral block can provide safe and reliable surgical anesthesia for percutaneous nephrolithotomy.