Objective: To investigate the effects of peptide YY (PYY) on the interdigestive migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) in the small intestine in vivo and explore the neural and endocrinal mechanisms of the effects. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were supplied with a venous catheter and bipolar electrodes in the duodenum and jejunum for electromyography of stomach and small intestine in wake state. PYY, phentolamine, nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, the inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase) and atropine were served with PYY respectively. The plasma motilin levels before and after the infusion of PYY were observed. Results: At all the three recording points, PYY lengthened the circle length of MMC [from (591.90±128.98)s to (999.25±216.59)s, P<0.01] and lowered the frequency of phase III [from (39.28±8.40) min-1 to (22.08±3.13) min-1, P<0.01], amplitude of phase III [from (0.320±0.060)mV to (0.179±0.030)mV, P<0.01], and the portion of phase III over the whole circle length [from (28.61±5.84)% to (15.43±5.16)%, P<0.01]. Phentolamine had no influence on the role of PYY. Administered L-NNA combined with PYY, the percentage of phase III increased [(42.09±8.67)%] compared with that of control (P<0.01) and compared with that of PYY administered alone (P<0.01) too. Atropine combined with PYY showed stronger depressing effects on MMC. No significant difference was found between the plasma motilin levels before and after the infusion of PYY. Conclusion PYY may inhibit the interdigestive intestine motility through the none-adrenergic none-cholinergic tract, while the α-receptor tract and circulating motilin are probably not involved in the depressing effect.

Objective: To investigate the effects of peptide YY (PYY) on the interdigestive migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) in the small intestine in vivo and explore the neural and endocrinal mechanisms of the effects. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were supplied with a venous catheter and bipolar electrodes in the duodenum and jejunum for electromyography of stomach and small intestine in wake state. PYY, phentolamine, nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, the inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase) and atropine were served with PYY respectively. The plasma motilin levels before and after the infusion of PYY were observed. Results: At all the three recording points, PYY lengthened the circle length of MMC [from (591.90±128.98)s to (999.25±216.59)s, P<0.01] and lowered the frequency of phase III [from (39.28±8.40) min-1 to (22.08±3.13) min-1, P<0.01], amplitude of phase III [from (0.320±0.060)mV to (0.179±0.030)mV, P<0.01], and the portion of phase III over the whole circle length [from (28.61±5.84)% to (15.43±5.16)%, P<0.01]. Phentolamine had no influence on the role of PYY. Administered L-NNA combined with PYY, the percentage of phase III increased [(42.09±8.67)%] compared with that of control (P<0.01) and compared with that of PYY administered alone (P<0.01) too. Atropine combined with PYY showed stronger depressing effects on MMC. No significant difference was found between the plasma motilin levels before and after the infusion of PYY. Conclusion PYY may inhibit the interdigestive intestine motility through the none-adrenergic none-cholinergic tract, while the α-receptor tract and circulating motilin are probably not involved in the depressing effect.

This paper introduces several methods to measure cardiac function, including methods of FICK oxygen consumption, thermodilution, ultrasound cardiography, impedance cardiogram and the method with heart sound. Advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed and compared. It is suggested that futural cardiac function evaluation approach be highly accurate or simply, noninvasive to meet different application requirements.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; chemistry ; pathology ; Female ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; chemistry ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry

Endophthalmitis ; complications ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Meningoencephalitis ; complications ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Suppuration ; complications

Her-2 receptor has already been identified as one of the most important biological markers of some malignant tumors,and also plays an important role in the biological behavior of those tumor cells.The over-expression of Her-2 receptor is associated with radioresistance of various tumor cells,and thus an antibody to Her-2/neu receptor can probably function as a radiosensitizer.In this review,we summarized some advances in the molecular mechanism and clinical aspects of the relationship between Her-2 and cellular radiosensitivity.

Objective To explore the change of serum level of neuron specific enolase (NSE) in neonates with asphyxia before and after head mild hypothermia.Methods Eighty-two asphyxial neonates were selected,including 39 mild asphyxial neonates and 43 severe asphy-xial neonates,and 29 healthy neonates were selected as control group.Forty-three severe asphyxial neonates were randomly assigned into mild hypothermia treatment group and traditional treatment group.Neonates in traditional treatment group were just given traditional treatment.While neonates in mild hypothermia treatment group received head mild hypothermia therapy and their nasopharyngeal temperature were maintained at(34.0 ? 0.5) ℃ for 72 h.Before treatment and 72 h after treatment,2 mL blood was collected,and the serum NSE was determined by radio immunoassay.Results NSE levels in mild asphyxial neonates group[(34.83?6.17) ?g/L] and severe asphyxial group[(59.58?8.87) ?g/L] were significantly higher than that of control group[(30.57?4.88) ?g/L](t=3.07 P0.05).The level of NSE at 72 h in severe asphyxial neonates with head mild hypothermia therapy[(40.97?6.55) ?g/L] was significantly lower than that of traditional treatment group [(48.15?5.57) ?g/L](t=3.86 P

180,anti-ds-DNA,anti-Sm and lower C3,are high risk factors in the development of LN.The manifestations were various and misdiagnosis at the early stage was not uncommon.

PBL is a modern model of classroom teaching. We have introduced it into the teaching of Microbiology. As a result, the students’ learning abilities have been raised to a higher level, and their learning autonomy and achievement have been improved. The combination of PBL method with traditional teaching methods achieved a good effect.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mucopolysaccharidosis II ; genetics ; Pedigree