OBJECTIVETo discuss arthroscopic technique of single Kirschner wire and suture avoiding epiphyseal line fixation for tibial intercondylar eminence fracture and its clinical results.

METHODSFrom May 2008 to December 2012, 21 patients (13 males, 8 females, ranging in age from 6 to 14 years old) with tibial intercondylar eminence fracture were treated arthroscopically with single Kirschner wire and suture avoiding epiphyseal line fixation technique. According to Meyers and McKeever classification, 7 patients were type II, 10 patients were type III, and 4 patients were type IV. Active rehabilitation began at one week after operation. The patients were followed up for 10 to 30 months. X-ray films were taken to evaluate fracture healing at 1, 3, 6 months after operation; range of motion, the anterior drawer test, the lachman test and the Lysholm knee score were used to evaluate clinical effects.

RESULTSAll fractures were healed without displacement at 6 weeks after operation. Anterior drawer test and the lachman test were both negative in all patients at 3 months after operation. Lysholm knee score was 95.5 ±2.5 at 6 months after operation, and postoperative X-ray film did not find epiphyseal line broadening or narrowing.

CONCLUSIONArthroscopic treatment for tibial eminence intercondylar fracture with single Kirschner wire and 8-shaped suture avoiding epiphyseal line fixation technique has many advantages, such as firm fixation,early mobilization, less invasive, less injury of physis and satisfactory effect.

Adolescent ; Arthroscopy ; Bone Wires ; Child ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Male ; Sutures ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery

Objective To detect the existence of vasculogenic mimicry in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods In this study 42 patients with a total of 47 HCC nodules underwent radical resection.Histological and immunohistochemical double staining of CD31 and PAS were applied to observe the existence of vasculogenic mimicry ( VM ). Reverse tanscription PCR (RT-PCR) were applied to study the expression of VE-cadherin, EPHA2 and MMP-2 genes. Results VM was found in 16 of the 42 (38. 1% )HCC cases. The typical forms of VM in the microscope are vessel-like structure formed by tumor cells,without endothelial cells and the PAS-positive looping pattern. The existence of VM in HCC correlates to a higher Edmondson grade, higher capacity of intrahepatic disseminating and poorer tumor-free survival time (P＜ 0. 05). Comparing the difference of VE-cadherin gene, EPHA2 gene and MMP-2 gene expression between VM positive nodes and in VM negative nodes by RT-PCR method demonstrated that VE-cadherin gene, EPHA2 gene and MMP-2 gene have a more intense expression in VM positive nodes than in VM negative nodes ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion VM exists in human hepatocellular carcinoma. VM occurred more frequently in higher malignant HCC and predicts a higher rate of tumor recurrence and poorer prognosis.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combination therapy of tamsulosin and solifenacin for mild and moderate benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with overactive bladder (OAB).

METHODSWe randomly divided 166 patients with BPH and concomitant OAB into a mild obstruction symptom group (n = 88) and a moderate obstruction symptom group (n =78), 48 of the former group treated with 0. 2 mg tamsulosin + 5 mg solifenacin and the other 40 with 0. 2 mg tamsulosin; 36 of the latter group treated with 0. 2 mg tamsulosin + 5 mg solifenacin and the other 42 with 0. 2 mg tamsulosin, all administered once daily for 12 weeks. We obtained the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), urine storage period symptom score (USPSS), voiding symptom score (VSS), Qmax, residual urine volume, OAB symptom score (OABSS) and adverse reactions, and compared them among different

RESULTSAmong the patients with mild obstruction symptoms, the combination of tamsulosin and solifenacin achieved remark-groups. able improvement in IPSS, USPSS, Qmax and OABSS as compared with the baseline (P < 0.05), but made no significant difference in the residual urine volume (P > 0. 05) , while tamsulosin improved IPSS only (P < 0.05). The combination therapy exhibited an obvious superiority over tamsulosin alone in improving IPSS (9.7 micro 3.0 vs 15.8 micro 3.3), USPSS (8. 1 micro 1.7 vs 12.3 micro 3.1), Qmax ([18.6 micro 2.3] ml/s vs [14.2 micro 2.3] ml/s ), and OABSS (5.3micro 1.3 vs 9.7 micro 2.7) (P < 0.05), but there were no obvious differences in residual urine, urine routine test results and adverse events between the two therapies ( P > 0. 05). In those with moderate obstruction symptoms, the combination therapy significantly improved IPSS, VSS, Qmax and OABSS (P < 0.05) but not the residual urine (P > 0. 05) in comparison with the baseline. The tamsulosin therapy achieved obvious improvement in IPSS, VSS, Qmax, OABSS and residual urine. The combination therapy showed a better effect than tamsulosin only in OABSS (4. 8 +/-1.5 vs 6.5 +/-2.5, P < 0.05), but no significant differences from the latter in IPSS, Qmax, VSS, routine urine test results, and adverse

CONCLUSIONCombination therapy of tamsulosin and solifenacin is obviously safe and efficacious in the treatment (P > 0.05). events of both mild and moderate BPH with concomitant OAB, and it is superior to tamsulosin alone.

Aged ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; complications ; drug therapy ; Quinuclidines ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Solifenacin Succinate ; Sulfonamides ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Tetrahydroisoquinolines ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Urinary Bladder, Overactive ; complications ; drug therapy

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of saponins from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge (SAaB) (Botanical Name: Anemarrhena Asphodeloidis Rhizoma) on the growth of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).

METHODSCell proliferation was measured by a newly developed cell proliferation reagent, WST-1. Cell apoptosis was assayed by flow cytometry through detecting annexin V. Nitric oxide production was evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy with diaminofluorescein diacetate (DAF-2, DA). Cell aldose reductase (AR) activity, as well as the effect of Epalrestat and interleukin-1beta were also explored.

RESULTSWST assay showed that cell proliferation induced by serum was significantly inhibited by SAaB (P<0.01). Flow cytometry analysis revealed that SAaB could enhance apoptotic rate of VSMCs (P<0.01). Nitric oxide production was significantly enhanced after administration of SAaB and interleukin-1beta. Moreover, AR activity of VSMCs was also remarkably inhibited by both SAaB and Epalrestat (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSAaB can inhibit proliferation and enhance apoptosis of VSMCs. It may protect vascular cells by inhibiting VSMC proliferation and augmenting apoptotic rate of VSMCs via NO-dependent pathway.

Anemarrhena ; chemistry ; Animals ; Annexin A5 ; metabolism ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Flow Cytometry ; Fluorescein ; chemistry ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; cytology ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Saponins ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents from the active fractions against HIV in vitro, a crude ethanolic extract of Illicium simonsii.

METHODThe compounds were isolated with column chromatography methods. MS and NMR spectroscopic methods were used to determine the structures of the compounds.

RESULTSeven compounds were isolated from the active fractions against HIV in vitro of the 90% ethanol extract and their structures were elucidated as (+)-catechin (1), (-)-epicatechin (2), (+)-catechin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (3), kaempferol 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (4), quercetin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (5), erigeside C (6) and daucosterol (7).

CONCLUSIONSeven compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time, but none of them exhibited active against HIV in vitro. Compounds 3 and 6 were isolated from this genus for the first time.

Catechin ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Ethanol ; chemistry ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; Illicium ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Mass Spectrometry ; Rhamnose ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Sitosterols ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) V3 loop amino acid mutations among HIV-1 infected people in Liaoning province.

METHODSThe whole blood samples of the HIV carriers and AIDS patients were collected in Liaoning province, China and were extracted PBMC genome DNA. HIV-1 V3 and flanking region sequences were amplified by nest-polymerase chain reaction (nest-PCR) with env specific primers: ED5/ED12 and ED31/ED33. Products were sequenced directly and sequences were aligned, translated and analyzed.

RESULTSIn AIDS group, some amino acid mutations at specific position of V3 loop: S to R at position 11, H to S, T and N at position 13, A to V at position 19, F to Y at position 20, Q or D to N at position 25 and 29, were found and all common mutations were associated with T tropic/SI phenotype. The frequency of such amino acid mutations in specific positions was higher in AIDS group than that of the asymptomatic infection group (P < 0.05). In addition, we found some unusual tetramer compositions on the tip of V3 loop: GQGR, APGR and RPGA, GLGR, RPGA in addition to some rare mutations, such as: N to H at position 5 and H to S, F at position 34.

CONCLUSIONThe amino acid mutations on the V3 loop of HIV-1 epidemic in Liaoning province were in agreement with the results of subtype B, but we observed some rare mutations and unusual tetramer compositions on the tip of V3 loop.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; epidemiology ; virology ; Adult ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Genes, env ; genetics ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120 ; genetics ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; virology ; HIV-1 ; classification ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Viral Envelope Proteins ; genetics

The research advances based on the related references were summarized in the last thirty years. Bauhinia contained many kinds of chemical constituents, primarily including flavanoids, steroids, terpenoid and so on, some of them were firstly obtained from the nature. Many plants of the Bauhinia are used in traditional medicine for their interesting biological activities such as antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, analgesic, astringent and diuretic effects. This paper gives an overview of phytochemical and pharmacological research in Bauhinia, and it has been classified accordding to the chemical structure characteristics. To provide more material to draw on for further development and utilization resources of Bauhinia.
Bauhinia ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Phytotherapy

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of a Tibetan medicine Meconopsis quintuplinervia.

METHODColumn chromatographic techniques were applied to isolate constituents. A combination of IR, MS and NMR spectroscopy was used to identify structures of constituents.

RESULTTwelve compounds were isolated from the ethanolic extract and their structures were elucidated as quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (I), quercetin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->6)-glucopyranoside (II), kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (III), isorhamnetin 3-0-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (IV), caffeic acid (V), protocatechuic acid (VI), p-hydroxycinnamic (VII), 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl )-ethyl-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (VIII), p-hydroxybenzoyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (IX), 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(Z)-p-coumaric acid (X), 5, 7-dihydroxy-4H-4-chromenone (XI), daucosterol (XII).

CONCLUSIONTen compounds were isolated from this genus for the first time except for XI and XII.

Caffeic Acids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Hydroxybenzoates ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Papaveraceae ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quercetin ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo study the changes in the migration of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMC) in asthmatic rats with airway remodeling and the effect of NK-1R inhibitor WIN62577 on the migration of ASMC.

METHODSSprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into two groups: airway remodeling induced by asthma and normal control. ASMC from rats with asthma and airway remodeling induced by ovalbumin (OVA) inhalation for 8 weeks were primary cultured and purified. Immunofluorescence and real-time PCR were used to measure the expression of NK-1R. With NK-1R inhibitor WIN62577 treatment, the changes in the migration of ASMC were measured by transwell chambers.

RESULTSNK-1R in ASMC was expressed mainly in the cytoplasm and cell membrane in the airway remodeling group, and the mRNA expression of NK-1R was higher than the normal control group (P<0.01). The number of the migrated ASMC in the airway remodeling group was significantly higher than that in the normal control group (P<0.01). Various concentrations (10-11 mol/L, 10-10 mol/L, 10-9 mol/L and 10-8 mol/L) of WIN62577 treatment decreased the number of the migrated ASMC (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSNK-1R may affect airway remodeling possibly through promoting the migration ability of ASMC in rats with asthma.

Airway Remodeling ; drug effects ; Androstenes ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Asthma ; pathology ; Benzimidazoles ; pharmacology ; Cell Movement ; drug effects ; Female ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; drug effects ; physiology ; Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

AIM:To investigate the effect of flavonoids from stem and leaf of Scutellaria baicalonsis Georgi(SSF)on paired helical filament(PHF)abnormality and the regulatory mechanism of protein phosphatase(PP)in rats' brain induced by okadaic acid(OA).METHODS:Male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were microinjected with OA(200 ng/kg)by the lateral ventricle to establish a memory impairment model.Morris water maze was used to screen the memory impairment model.The successful model rats were continuous intragastric infusion(ig)SSF for 36 days.The relative pro-tein expression of PHF,PP1,PP2A-Cα,PP2A-Cβ,PP2CA and PP2CB in the rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus were detected by Western blot.GinKgo biloba leaf flavonoids(GLF)were used as positive control drug.RESULTS:Compared with the sham-operated rats ,the relative protein expression of PHF in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus and PP 1 in cor-tex of model rats were significantly increased(P<0.01),and the protein expression of PP2A-Cα,PP2A-Cβin the cere-bral cortex and hippocampus and PP2CB in the hippocampus were decreased(P<0.05),while the relative protein expres-sion of PP2CA and PP2CB in the cortex were significantly increased(P<0.01).SSF reversed the abnormality in the pro-tein expression of PHF,PP2A-Cαand PP2A-Cβin rat cortex and hippocampus and PP1 in rat cortex induced by OA(P<0.01),which had no significant effect on the relative protein expression of PP 2CA and PP2CB.GLF also showed similar results to SSF.CONCLUSION:SSF significantly reduces the abnormal formation of PHF in rats ' brain induced by OA ,which may be related to the regulation of PP 1,PP2A-Cαand PP2A-Cβexpression,but not with PP2CA and PP2CB ex-pression.