Towards the problems after the medical reform of China,such as dramatic increase of healthcare expenditure and conflict between doctor and patient,this paper analyzes the tripartite relationships between hospital,insurance supplier and patient from the theoretical and practical aspects,concludes that the non-balanced development of the current relationships is an important reason of the problems,and gives the corresponding countermeasures for reference.

Objective To observe the effectiveness of botulinum toxin A (BTXA) in the treatment of small sample patients with acute acquired concomitant esotropia. Design Retrospective case series. Participants 6 patients (3 female and 3 male) with acute acquired concomitant esotropia aged 6 to 34 years. Methods All the patients were received 2.5 units of BTXA injected into the bilateral medial rectus muscles once under electromyographic control. They were performed alter prism-cover test,synoptophore and stereoscopic charts test. Main Outcome Measures The alignment of eyes and binocular vision. Results The follow-up of patients was 4 to 39 months. The pre-injection angle of deviation was 43.3?1.0△; the angle of deviation at the last follow-up was 3.3?8.2△,and 5 patients achieved alignment. In pre-injection,one patient had distance stereopsis,2 patients had near stereopsis with 600 seconds and 40 seconds; after injection,5 patients demonstrated distance and near stereeopsis (3 patients 40 seconds,1 patient 60 seconds,and 1 patient 200 seconds). Conclusion This small sample study shows that BTXA injection is effective alternative in treating acute acquired concomitant esotropia.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of recombinant human erythropoietin(rhEPO)treatment on histopathologic changes seen in hyperoxia induced lung injury.Methods Rat pups were randomly divided into four groups:Ⅰ:air-exposed control group,Ⅱ: air-exposed+rhEPO-treated group,Ⅲ:hyperoxia-exposed control group,Ⅳ:hyperoxia-exposed+rhEPO-treated group.GroupⅢ and Ⅳ rats were exposed to 85% oxygen.GroupⅡand Ⅳ rats were received rhEPO (1 200 U/kg) subcutaneously on postnatal 0 day and 2 day.On postnatal 14 day,survival curve,measurement of body weight and lung weight,radical alveolar counts(RAC),microvessel count were compared,CD_ 31 and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) were performed by immunostaining to assess hyperoxia-induced changes in lung morphology.Results Treatment of hyperoxia-exposed rats with rhEPO prolonged the survival and resulted in a significant increase in the weight gain of body and lung[(25.88?2.59) vs(18.8?3.93) P

Composite Resins ; Dental Restoration, Permanent

Composite Resins ; Dental Cements ; Dental Restoration, Permanent ; Humans

According to the requirements of the ‘three guidance’ talent-cultivation model pro-posed by our university, humanistic spirit was permeated from multi angels during the process of phys-iology. Students'occupation quality was cultivated; physiology knowledge and clinical practice was combined for students; early contacting with clinical knowledge was conducted and teacher-student role reversal method was applied to train students' communication skills. Teaching practice showed that the reformed teaching model not only can ensure the quality of teaching but also can improve the comprehensive quality of students.

Objective To investigate the effects of zinc gluconate combined with Danshen injection on the plasma lipid level following exposure to noise in rats. Methods Fifty female SD rats were randomly divided into a control group, a noise exposure group (model group), a zinc gluconate + noise exposure group (zinc gluconate group), a Danshen injection+noise exposure group (Danshen injection group) and a zinc gluconate+Danshen injection+noise exposure group (combination group), 10 rats in each group. The zinc gluconate group received intragastric administration of zinc gluconate 8-10 mg/(kg?d), the Danshen injection group received intraperitoneal injection of Danshen injection 6 mg/(kg?d), the combination group received intragastric administration of zinc gluconate 8-10 mg/(kg?d) and intraperitoneal injection of Danshen injection 6 mg/(kg?d). On the day 10, except in the control group, the rats in the rest of the groups were continuously exposed to high frequency steady noise for 7 days (4 000 Hz, 95 dB, 3 h/d). The serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were detected. Results The serum levels of TC (1.88 ± 0.17 mmol/L vs. 1.55 ±0.09 mmol/L), TG (1.45 ± 0.38 mmol/L vs. 1.01 ± 0.27 mmol/L), LDL-C (0.29 ± 0.04 mmol/L vs. 0.23 ± 0.03 mmol/L) in the model group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.01 or P<0.05), while the serum HDL-C level in the model group were significantly lower than that in the control group (0.55 ± 0.08 mmol/L vs. 0.62 ±0.06 mmol/L;P<0.01). The serum TC level in the zinc gluconate group was significantly lower than that in the model group (1.71 ± 0.11 mmol/L vs.1.88 ± 0.17 mmol/L;P<0.05). The serum levels of TC (1.73 ± 0.21 mmol/L vs. 1.88 ± 0.17 mmol/L) and LDL-C (0.25 ± 0.03 mmol/L vs. 0.29 ± 0.04 mmol/L) in the Danshen injection group were significantly lower than those in the model group(all P<0.05). The serum levels of TC (1.57 ± 0.21 mmol/L vs. 1.88 ± 0.17 mmol/L), TG (0.84 ±0.40 mmol/L vs. 1.45 ± 0.38 mmol/L) and LDL-C (0.24 ± 0.05 mmol/L vs. 0.29 ± 0.04 mmol/L) in the combination group were significantly lower than those in the model group (P<0.01 or P<0.05), and the serum HDL-C level (0.61 ± 0.07 mmol/L vs. 0.55 ± 0.08 mmol/L) in the combination group was significantly higher than that in the model group (P<0.05). Conclusions Noise exposure may induce dyslipidemias in rats. Zinc gluconate and Danshen injection can regulate the plasma lipid level following exposure to noise in rats, and combination of zinc gluconate and Danshen injection may be superior to zinc gluconate or Danshen injection alone.

The enzymatic degumming of ramie bast fibers is a kind of method with high performance, superior quality, free from pollution that directly makes use of the extra cellular enzyme or zymin produced in the fermentation process of microorganisms to degrade the gum. So far, many investigations regarding this aspect have been conducted at home and abroad, and screened various strains including aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria. Comparison with the chemical degumming, the enzymatic degumming shows the advantage of improving the quality of refined dried-ramie, significantly lowering the pollution of the environment, and isone of the main development directions in the future. At the same time, if the degumming technology is extensively applied into industrialization production, the dosage of enzymes will prodigiously increase, which will promote the development of the industry on enzymes.

The microbial flora of fungi,bacterial and actinomycetes in full autotrophic ammonium removal reactor and activated sludge was analyzed,and the amount of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria was also compared.The result showed that the population,species,species number and dominates of microorganisms in full autotrophic ammonium removal reactor were different from that in activated sludge.In full autotrophic ammonium removal reactor,the amount of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria was increased remarkably which indicated that the accumulation of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria was a remarkable feature of full autotrophic ammonium removal system.

0.05).However,neither CpG-ODN nor hTNF-? failed in improving the expression rates of CD1a.Conclusions CpG-ODN,like hTNF-?,has remarkable im- munostimulatory effect on the differentiation and maturation of monocyte-derived DC from patients with chronic hepatitis B.