OBJECTIVE: To explore the pathological changes of lower extremity arteries of patients with metabolic syndrome. METHODS: Fifty patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) and 30 normal volunteers were included in this study. The inner diameters, peak systolic velocities and intima-media thicknesses of the lower extremity arteries, and the sizes and numbers of the plaques in the lower extremity arteries were obtained with color Doppler ultrasound (CDU). RESULTS: In the fifty MS patients, the intima-media thicknesses of forty-one were thicker than 1.1 mm and thirty-three had plaques which had brought stenosis in different degrees. The intima-media thicknesses of the common femoral, popliteal and posterior tibial arteries in the MS patients were significantly thicker than those in the normal volunteers (P<0.01 or P<0.05), and a greater number of plaques in the lower extremity arteries were observed in the patients, as compared with the normal volunteers (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Various pathological changes had taken place in the lower extremity arteries of the MS patients. The sites and degrees of the lower extremity arterial diseases in MS patients can be definitely detected with CDU.

Objective To explore the methods of the hemorrhage prevention and the measures of hemostasis by CT guided after renal cancer cryoablation.Methods Retrospective analysis of 8 patients of renal cell carcinoma patienthave been done,all the patients were underwent cryoablation.The basic model included 10 min frozen,3 min thawed and 1 cycle were repeated.Before the cryoprobe puncture,a CT scan was taken to observe the blood supply of the tumor and the relationship between the border of the tumor and renal cortex,renal pelvis.Besides,the path of reducing the injury of normal renal cortex and renal pelvis was chosen,and the decreased number of probes was adopted by taking conformal cryoablation to reduce the damage to the renal capsule,in theensurance of the treatment efficacy.Intraoperative CT scan was performed discontinuously,to observe the covering status of the range of ice ball on the lesion and to monitor the perirenal bleeding.Postoperative ECG and blood pressure changes was observed 24 h after operation.Besides,CT scan or blood routine examination is necessary to monitor whether active bleeding happened.Results According enhanced CT image positioning puncture path,the path of probes were selected in the shortest path between the tumor margins and the renal cortical which avoid the renal pelvis.Probes were CT-guided conformal puncture into the lesion successfully for 8 patients,according to freezing basic mode to complete cryoablation.Timely intraoperative CT scan can clearly observe that a low-density ice ball wrapped lesion completely without involving the renal pelvis and normal tissue surrounding the kidney.There was no bleeding in the procedure of cryoablation.After the probe was pulled,CT scan showed:3 of the 8 patients didn't show any sign of henorrhage,in which 1 patient had heavily bleeding,about 150 ml due to the biopsy after cryoablation.The bleeding was stopped by interventional embolization.A little hemorrhage was found in two patients,about 10 ml outside renal capsule.Medium hemorrhage took place in two patients,30 nl in one patient which underwent several cycles of thawing and 60 ml in another.The patients of mild and medium hemorrhage was treated with intravenous injection of Reptilase and strict bed rest.There was a great hemorrhage in one patient,about 200 ml.The bleeding was stopped by interventional embolization.A small and moderate bleeding,it necessary to execute intravenous infusion 2 IU reptilase and strict bed rest.There was no significant active bleeding from the CT scan after 24 h operation and no change in the blood routine examination of blood hemoglobin and red blood cell count.Conclusions Before the puncture,it is necessary to perform an enhanced CT scan to understand the position,which can determine the path of the puncture.It can reduce the damage of renal cortex,renal capsule and surrounding tissue and prevent and reduce the risk of bleeding.For larger amounts of intraoperative and postoperative bleeding subjects,the embolization should be given immediately,as for the small or moderate amount of bleeding,the conservative treatment may be given firstly.

Objective:To investigate the effect of IL-35 on inflammatory response and T cell response in allergic rhinitis.Methods: 37 patients(observation group) with allergic rhinitis and 35 healthy volunteers(control group) after allergen detection of allergic rhinitisin in our hospital from Jan 2012 to Jan 2016 were selected as study subjects.The peripheral blood of observation group and control group were collected,and the serum levels of IL-35 were detected by ELISA.The animal model of allergic rhinitis in mice was established,the peripheral blood of mice was collected,and the serum level of IL-35 and IgE were detected by ELISA.The eosinophils that infiltrated in nasal mucosa were detected after tissue biopsy in mice.The mouse spleen cells were isolated and the ovalbumin antigen was added in the culture medium,IL-35 was or was not added into the culture medium,the ovalbumin specific T cell responses was detected.The cytokines IL-2,IL-4,IL-5,IL-10,IL-13,IL-17,IL-23,IL-27 and TNF-α in culture supernatant of ovalbumin specific T cells were detected by ELISA.The expression of IL-2,IL-4,IL-5,IL-10,IL-13,IL-17,IL-23,IL-27 and TNF-α in ovalbumin specific T cells were detected by Real-time PCR.The activation of JNK,Erk1/2 and p38 signal pathway in ovalbumin specific T cells were detected by Western blot.Results: The serum level of IL-35 in observation group was significantly lower than control group(P<0.05).The results showed that the number of eosinophils which infiltrated in AR mice nasal mucosa was significantly higher than normal mice(P<0.05),while the serum level of IL-35 in AR mice was significantly lower than normal mice(P<0.05).Ovalbumin specific T cell reactivity assay showed that IL-35 could significantly inhibit the T cell response.ELISA and Real-time PCR results showed that IL-35 could significantly down regulate the expression of IL-4,IL-5,IL-13,IL-17,IL-23 and TNF-α,and up regulate the expression of IL-2,IL-10 and IL-27.The Western blot results showed that IL-35 can inhibit the activation of JNK,Erk1/2 and p38 signal pathway of ovalbumin specific T in cells.Conclusion: IL-35 can regulate the expression of inflammatory cytokines in inflammatory response and inhibit T cell response,thus reducing allergic rhinitis,the mechanism may be through regulation of JNK,Erk1/2 and p38 signal pathway activation.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis of a case with 7p15.3p22.1 microdeletion by applying array-based comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) and to analyze the relationship between the clinical manifestations and 7p15.3p22.1 microdeletion. Method Array-CGH technique was used to detect genomic copy number variations (CNVs) in an infant with normal karyotype after conventional chromosomal karyotyping. Results Array-CGH detected 7p15.3p22.1 deletion (chr7: 6777262-23981753), which was confirmed as pathogenic CNV after comparative analysis with database. Conclusion Array-CGH could serve as a useful complement for G-banding to be used in the clinical cytogenetic diagnosis.

Objective: To explore the correlation between the parameters of eTRACKING detection of femoral artery and the syndrome types of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in type 2 diabetic patients so as to provide clinical evidence for early prevention and treatment of diabetic lower extremity arterial disease. Methods: A total of 147 cases of type 2 diabetic patients were included. Basic data and TCM clinical information were collected, and eTRACKING detection of common femoral arteries was performed. Differentiation of symptoms and signs for classification of TCM syndromes was performed in all patients. The correlations between TCM syndrome and pressure-strain elastic modulus (Ep), stiffness parameter beta, arterial compliance (AC), pulse wave velocity beta (PWVbeta), and augmentation index (AI) in common femoral arteries were observed. Results: In the patients with deficiency of both yin and yang, the Ep value was higher than that in the patients with deficiency of both qi and yin, the stiffness parameter beta was higher than that in the other three syndrome types (deficiency of both qi and yin, excessive heat due to yin deficiency, accumulation of damp-beat in spleen), the AC value was lower than that in the patients with excessive heat due to yin deficiency, the PWVbeta value was higher than that in the patients with excessive heat due to yin deficiency and deficiency of both qi and yin, and the AI value was higher than that in the patients with excessive heat due to yin deficiency. The stiffness parameter beta in the patients with deficiency of both qi and yin was higher than that in the patients with accumulation of damp-heat in spleen. In the patients with blood stasis, the Ep value was higher and the AC value was lower than that in the patients without blood stasis. Conclusion: The decrease of elasticity in lower extremities can be detected by eTRACKING. This study reveals that type 2 diabetic patients with deficiency of both yin and yang, accumulation of damp-heat in spleen and blood stasis have more severe lower extremity arteriosclerosis. In eTRACKING parameters, stiffness parameter beta, AC and PWVbeta may become the objective indexes in evaluating early diabetic lower extremity arteriosclerosis.

Objective To investigate the technique,safety and efficacy of percutaneous chemoablation of single and multiple confluent metastatic lymphatic nodes (LNs).Methods Forty six patients of malignant metastatic LNs were treated with percutaneous chemoablation with CT guidance,and they were divided into two groups,including 30 patients of single isolated metastatic LN (group A) and 16 patients of multiple and/or confluent metastatic LNs (group B).A mixture of 5 ml absolute ethyl alcohol,2 ml iodized oil and 10 mg epirubicin was injected into the lymph node(s).The average tumor diameter was (2.0 ± 0.5) cm in group A and (3.8 ± 0.6) cm in group B.The intratumoral drug coverage rate and the occurrence of reflux were recorded.Enhanced CT scans were performed to observe the therapeutic effects at the intervals of 3,6 and 12 months.Results The coverage rate was 100％ in group A,which was significantly higher than group B (70％ to 80％).The occurrence of reflux was 70％ for group A versus 40％ for group B.For group A,a complete response (CR) patients of 14,21,28 and a partial response (PR) patients of 16,9,2 were obtained at 3,6 and 12 months after therapy respectively.For group B,a CR patient of 0,0,0 and PR patients of 3,8,9 were observed at 3,6 and 12 months after therapy respectively.Standardized rate by direct method was performed and the CR rate (74.4％) for group A was higher than that for group B (0) (P =0.0001).The tumor FDG uptake was lower compared with the preoperative images.No serious complications were observed.A few patients had mild pain during the procedure,which was relieved after 2.0 to 3.0 ml of 2％ lidocaine injection adjacent to the tumor.No needle tract seeding or infection were observed.There was no effect on patients' overall survival.Conclusions CT-guided chemoablation is an effective,low-cost and minimally invasive procedure,which is better for treating single metastatic LN than multiple and/or confluent oues.

PurposePifrrmann scoring based on T2WI can only evaluate intervertebral disc qualitatively and is easily affected by the surrounding environment and imaging parameters. The present study attempted to make a quantificational study on lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration by using MR T2 mapping sequence so as to improve its diagnosis.Materials and Methods Sagittal T1FSE, sagittal and axial T2FSE, sagittal T2 mapping sequence were performed on 265 lumbar intervertebral discs from 53 subjects. The MR imaging was analyzed and all the discs were classified according to Pifrrmann scoring. T2 relaxation time of the discs was calculated and statistical analysis was conducted on its correlation.Results Among the 265 discs, 5 (1.9%) were scored as Pfirrmann I, 153 (57.7%) were scored as Pfirrmann II, 86 (32.3%) were scored as Pfirrmann III, 20 (7.5%) were scored as Pfirrmann IV, 1 (0.38%) were scored as Pifrrmann V. The average anterior annulus T2 values showed no difference between every Pfirrmann grade (P>0.05), while the difference of average posterior annulus T2 values was significant between groups (P<0.05). The relaxation time of anterior annulus was signiifcantly shorter than that of posterior annulus in the discs of Pifrrmann II-IV, whilst the reverse occurred in the discs of Pifrrmann I (P<0.05). The differences of the relaxation time of nucleus pulposus T2 values were signiifcant between groups of Pifrrmann grade I to IV (P<0.05). The T2 relaxation time of each partition of nucleus pulposus (ROI2/ROI3, ROI3/ROI4, ROI2/ROI4) was signiifcantly correlated (r=0.86, 0.76 and 0.63,P<0.05), the T2 relaxation time of anterior annulus and posterior annulus had no correlation (r=0.09, P<0.05), and the nucleus pulposus T2 values and Pfirrmann grade were negatively correlated (r=-0.78,P<0.05).Conclusion MR T2 mapping can quantitatively evaluate the T2 relaxation time of lumbar intervertebral discs, and is signiifcantly correlated with Pifrrmann grades.

Objective To study the safety and effectiveness of modified radioactive 125I seed implantation in treatment of lung cancer patients with poor lung function. Methods Thirty one lung cancer patients with poor lung function were enrolled into this study. All of them were implanted 125I seed with technology of fan-shaped distribution and coaxial puncture. Brachytherapy planning system(TPS) was used to draw up a preoperative implantation plan. Fan-shaped seed distribution system was used to simulate surgical program, and implantation pitch was 0.5 to 1.0 cm. Real-time adjustment is necessary during surgery. Dose distributions were checked by TPS immediately after implantation. Match peripheral dose(MPD),the dose of 90% tumor volume(D90)and the tumor volume covered by 90% prescription dose(D90)were calculated. Intraoperative and postoperative surgery-related complications were analyzed. All patients were followed up to 6 months, at month 2, 4 and 6 post-procedure, CT scan was performed to evaluate the local control rate of tumors. Results The technical success rate was 100% for placement of the 125I seed. MPD of the tumors was 90 to 140 Gy. D90 was 95 to 146 Gy,median dose was 118 Gy.V90 was 92%to 97%,median dose was 94%. Surgery-related complications included pulmonary hemorrhage(1 patient), pleural cavity hemorrhage (2 patients), pneumothorax(2 patients). The 2-month, 4-month and 6-monthlocal control rates were 31%(10/32), 78%(25/32) and 90%(29/32)respectively. The overall complete remission(CR) rate was18%(6/32), partial response(PR) rate was 72%(23/32), stable disease(SD)rate was6%(2/32), progression disease(PD) rate was 3%(1/32).Acute radiation pneumonitis Grade 0 in 29 patients, Grade Ⅰin 4 patients; advanced radiation pneumonitis:grade 0 in 30 patients and gradeⅠin 3 patients. Conclusions The technology of fan-shaped distribution and coaxial puncture for radioactive 125I seed implantation was safe and effective to treat lung cancer patients with poor lung function.

Objective To investigate the expression of integrin β3 and osteopontin(OPN) in eutopic and ectopic endometrium of adenomyosis. Methods From January 2007 to July 2008, the endometrium specimens were collected from 43 patients with adenomyosis undergoing hysterectomy in Peking University First Hospital. Eutopic endometrium were 11 in proliferative phase and 32 in secretory phase (18 cases in mid-secretory phase) were collected. Ectopic endometriums were also collected. In the mean time, it was chosen 41 cases with pure subserous uterine myoma or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) Ⅱ-Ⅲ treated by hysterectomy as controls including 12 endometrium in proliferative phase and 29 endometrium in secretory phase (19 cases in mid-secretory phase). The expression of Integrin β3 subunit and OPN in the endometrium were assessed by immunohistochemical staining and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results (1)Immunohistochemical staining showed that positive staining of integrin β3 and OPN were present predominantly in eutopic and ectopic endometrial glandular epithelium. There was significant different protein expression of integrin β3 and OPN, which were 1.6±0.8 and 1.7±0.7 in eutopic endometrium,1.7±0.7 and 1.8±0.9 in ectopic endometrium,2.1±0.9 and 2.0±0.9 in control endometrium (P<0.05). The protein expression of integrin β3 and OPN in eutopic endometrium of adenomyosis in the proliferative phase(0.8±0.4 and 0.7±0.3) were remarkably lower than those of the secretory phase(1.8±0.8 and 1.9±0.8,P<0.01). The protein expression of integrin β3 and OPN in the endometrium of controls in the proliferative phase(1.0±0.4 and 1.0±0.4) were significantly lower than those of the secretory phase(2.5±0.7 and 2.5±0.7)(P=0.000). In the mid-secretory phase, the protein expression of integrin β3(2.0±0.9) and OPN (2.1±0.8)in eutopic endometrium of adenomyosis were significantly lower than that of control endometrium(2.7±0.5 and 2.7±0.7)(P<0.01). (2)The mRNA expression level of integrin β and OPN in eutopic and ectopic endometrium were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR(result was shown by median index). It was observed that integrin β3 mRNA and OPN mRNA were significantly lower in the eutopic endometrium of adenomyosis (4.69 and 4.23), when compared with ectopic endometrium(7.96 and 14.84)and controls (13.47 and 17.40) (P<0.05). Eutopic endometrium had higher mRNA expression of integrin β and OPN mRNA in the secretory phase (5.54 and 11.40) than that in the proliferative phase(2.69 and 3.30) (P<0.01).The mRNA expression level of integrin β and OPN of control endometrium in the proliferative phase (3.12 and 4.75)were significantly lower than that in the secretory phase(19.94 and 21.00, P=0.000). The mRNA expression of integrin β and OPN were 10.10 and 14.34 in the mid-secretory phase, which were significantly lower than 21.50 and 24.18 in control endometrium(P<0.05). Conclusions High expression of integrin β3 and OPN in ectopic endometrium of adenomyosis may cause endometriotic lesions; abnormal expression of integrin β3 and OPN in the endometrium of adenomyosis during the implantation window may contribute to infertility in some patients.

Coix ; Epimedium ; Fatigue ; Humans ; Hypoxia ; Plant Leaves