Objective:To compare clinical characteristics of acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).Methods:41 patients with CSC in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were studied, according to the course, they were divided into acute central serous chorioretinopathy group (A group, 29 eyes of 29 cases) and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy group (B group, 12 eyes of 12 cases). All patients underwent the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), subretinal fluid thickness (SRF) and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) examination. The imaging characteristics of fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) were compared between the two groups.Results:The BCVA, SRF and SFCT in A group were higher than those in B group ( P<0.05). FFA in group A showed that the leakage of ink diffusion or smoke type fluorescein leakage. FFA in group B showed that the fluorescein leakage was single or multiple in macular area, and atrophy of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells was observed. OCTA of group A showed that the choroidal capillary layer showed high blood flow signal, low blood flow signal around the outside, or coarse granular high signal, and no choroidal neovascularization (CNV) was found. OCTA in group B showed that the image of choroidal capillary layer was similar to that of group A, but in group B, 2 eyes (2/12) had CNV with obvious morphology. Conclusions:Clinical characteristics of acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy are different. OCTA has definite application value in follow-up and detection of CNV.

Head and Neck Neoplasms ; surgery ; Humans ; Robotics

Objective To summarize the postoperative experience of nursing infants undergoing total anomalous pulmonary venous correction.Method The clinical data of 54 infants undergoing total anomalous pulmonary venous correction were retrospectively reviewed for the summarization of nursing strategies.Result Forty nine patients were clinically cured and discharged, 2 voluntarily left the hospital without further treatment and 3 died of low cardiac output syndrome.Conclusion Early postoperative monitoring,protection of heart function and prevention of pulmonary hypertensive crisis are all critical for successful manipulation of total anomalous pulmonary venous correction.

The main form of the postgraduate medical training in China is residency standard-ized training, while the residency training system in some European and American developed countries is relatively mature. A review is presented on the programs of residency standardized training in Europe and America, concentrating on their strength and defects and reaching the conclusion that standard-ization, high-efficiency, personalization, socialization and internationalization can be the new trends in the development of residency standardized training in China.

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical efficacy and safety of sildenafil in the treatment of high altitude heart disease associated with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in children.

METHODSFifty children (aged 2 months to 2 years) with high altitude heart disease associated with severe PAH, who were continuously transferred to the Intensive Care Unit between January 2011 and October 2013, were randomly assigned to observation and control groups. The control group was given conventional treatment, while the observation group received oral sildenafil [1 mg/(kg . d)] three times daily for 7-10 days in addition to the conventional treatment. Before and after treatment, hemodynamics, blood gas, routine blood parameters, and blood biochemical parameters were recorded.

RESULTSAfter treatment, the observation group had a significantly higher decrease in mean pulmonary artery pressure and significantly higher increases in arterial partial pressure of oxygen, cardiac output, cardiac index, and oxygenation index compared with the control group (P<0.05). In the observation group, there were no significant changes in mean arterial pressure, routine blood parameters and blood biochemical parameters (P>0.05), and no obvious adverse reactions were found.

CONCLUSIONSFor children with high altitude heart disease associated with severe PAH, sildenafil can effectively reduce pulmonary artery pressure and improve cardiac function and does not cause adverse reactions. This therapy has good safety according to the preliminary evaluation.

Altitude ; Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension ; Female ; Heart Diseases ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; complications ; physiopathology ; Infant ; Male ; Piperazines ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Purines ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Sildenafil Citrate ; Sulfones ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Vasodilator Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use

UNLABELLEDOBJECTIVE; To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Jiangtang Xiaozhi Capsule (JTXZC) in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) of qi-yin deficiency phlegm-stasis inter-obstruction syndrome (QYDPSIOS), and to observe its effect on inflammatory factors and fibrinolytic factors.

METHODSBy adopting a randomization grouping, parallel control, and prospective study, 73 T2DM patients of QYDPSIOS were assigned to two groups by random digit table, the Pioglitazone Tablet group (36 cases, as the control) and the JTXZC group (37 cases). All patients maintained their basic therapies and lifestyle as previous after recruitment. Patients in the JTXZC group took JTXZC, 4 pills each time, three times per day, while those in control group took Pioglitazone Tablet, 15 mg each time, once daily. The therapeutic course for all was 8 weeks. The body weight (BW), the height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and scoring of Chinese medicine (TCM) symptoms were observed. Levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2 h postprandial blood glucose (2 h PBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAL-1) were detected. The safety indices such as liver and renal functions and adverse reactions were also observed.

RESULTSCompared with before treatment, BW, BMI, HbA1c, and PBG were obviously lower after 8-week treatment than before treatment in the JTXZC group (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in post-treatment BW, BMI, HbA1c, or 2 h PBG between the two groups (P < 0.05). Compared with before treatment, levels of TNF-alpha and PAI-1 were lowered after 8 weeks of treatment in both groups (P < 0.01). The level of NF-kappaB was obviously lowered after 8 weeks of treatment in the control groups (P < 0.05), but it also decreased in the JTXZC group with no statistical difference. The scorings of CM symptoms were somewhat improved after treatment in the two groups (P < 0.01). Besides, better effects were obtained in the JTXZC group (P < 0.05). No severe adverse event occurred in either group during the whole therapeutic course.

CONCLUSIONSJTXZC showed similar therapeutic effect to pioglitazone. Both of them could effectively improve patients' clinical symptoms, the inflammation and fibrinolytic activities in different pathways, with no severe adverse reaction.

Adult ; Aged ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Qi ; Thiazolidinediones ; therapeutic use ; Yin Deficiency ; drug therapy

OBJECTIVE:To prepare Clopidogrel bisulfate tablets,and to optimize its formulation and technology. METHODS:The single factor test and compatibility test were used to optimize the fillers,disintegrating agents,adhesive,lubricants and prepa-ration technology;using sticking situation and disintegration time as indexes,the orthogonal test was used to optimize the amount of disintegrating agents [low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose(L-HPC)],lubricants(hydrogenated vegetable oil and PEG6000), and the optimal technology was validated. The dissolution of prepared tablet and imported tablet(Plavix)in water,pH 2.0 hydro-chlorate buffer,pH 4.5 phosphate buffer(PBS)and pH 6.8 PBS were investigated,and influential factor test was conducted. RE-SULTS:Clopidogrel bisulfate tablets were prepared with dry granulating. The optimal formulation (1 000 tablets) was as follows as clopidogrel bisulfate 97.8 g,mannitol 84 g,amylum pregelatinisatum 36 g,L-HPC 8 g,hydrogenated vegetable oil 8 g, PEG6000 6 g;no tablet compressing sticking situation was found in prepared tablets and it owned medium disintegration time;ac-cumulative dissolution curves of prepared tablets in 4 kinds of medium were similar to those of Plavix;there were no significant dif-ference in results of influential factor test between prepared tablet and Plavix. CONCLUSIONS:Clopidogrel bisulfate tablets are prepared successfully,and the formulation is reasonable,practical,stable and controllable in quality.

BACKGROUND: Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is possibly related to regulation of various cell signals that are derived from aqueous uveoscleral outflow pathway.OBJECTIVE: To explore effect of travoprost on the expression of NF-κB and inhibitor-κB (I-κB) in human ciliary muscle cells cultured in vitro. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A contrast study, which was performed in the Laboratory of Zhongshan Ophthalmology Center from March 2005 to November 2006.MATERIALS: Eyeballs were obtained from the youth who died due to other diseases except eye disease no more than one hour. The relatives voluntarily provided the informed consent.METHODS: Travoprost (1 μmol/L) was added in human ciliary muscle cell culture medium, and then the samples were divided into four groups according to culture time, including 0-hour (control group), 6-hour, 12-hour, and 24-hour experimental groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Expression of mRNA and protein of NF-κB p65 and I-κBα in the four groups by using real-time RT-PCR, immunofluorescence relative quantitative analysis and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques. RESULTS: As compared to control group, mRNA expression of NF-κB p65 in the 6-hour, 12-hour, and 24-hour experimental groups was decreased (F=17.068, P=0.001); while mRNA expression of I-κBα was not changed remarkably in the 6-hour and 12-hour experimental groups (P > 0.05), but the expression was significantly higher than that in the 24-hour experimental group (F=32.742, P=0.000). Immunofluorescence relative quantitative analysis showed that the fluorescence intensity of NF-κB p65 in the 6-hour, 12-hour, and 24-hour experimental groups were weaker than that in the 0-hour control group (F=17.216, P=0.000); additionally, as compared to 0-hour control group, fluorescence intensity of I-κBα in the 6-hour experimental group was not changed remarkably (P=0.134), that in the 12-hour experimental group was weakened (P=0.032), and that in the 24-hour experimental group was strengthened (F=17.346, P=0.001). ELISA revealed that expression of phosphorylated NF-κB p65 was decreased gradually by the time of being induced by travoprost (F=15.4, P=0.001). CONCLUSION: Travoprost can down-regulate mRNA expression of NF-κB p65, inhibit nuclear translocation, and up-regulate mRNA expression of I-κBα in human ciliary muscle cells.

Oncology is extensive in contents,covering a wide range of organs,systems and clinical specialties.Here,we discuss the feasibility and necessity of flipping the classroom teaching through the introduction of Oncology and through the implementation of flip classroom teaching for oncology graduate students,this paper analyzes the evaluation of the classroom teaching by the teachers and students,and compares the assessment results of students under different teaching methods.The results show that the flipped class can promote students' initiative learning,promote students' classroom participation,and help students to internalize and consolidate their knowledge of oncology in the theoretical teaching of graduate oncology.

Objective To observe the preventive and therapeutic effect of Yangyin Shengxue Mixture (Herbal decoction for nourishing yin and blood) on radiation-induced oral mucosal injury.Methods Sixty nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients were randomized into two groups: treatment group (30 cases) receiving Yangyin Shengxue Mixture three days before till one week after radiotherapy, and control group (30 patients) using conventional Tinidazole Gargle for prevention of oral-mucositis. Before and after treatment, the body weight, hemoglobin and state of infection of patients were examined. The time of occurrence of symptoms, degree of acute radiation mucositis and degree of pain were observed to evaluate the damage of oral mucosa according to RTOG standard for radiation injury of oral mucosa and Numeric Rating Scales (NRS). Results There were different degrees of radiation mucositis in both groups during radiotherapy, but the time of occurrence in the treatment group was significantly later than that of the control group (P