AIM: To explore the effect of hypertonic sugar eyes drops with local to the oxygen therapy for severe corneal edema after cataract surgery.METHODS: Totally 68 patients (68 eyes) with severe corneal edema after phacoemulsification were selected from January 2014 to December 2015 in our hospital, who were aged 53-80(64.45±4.24), including 30 males and 38 females.According to different treatment, they were divided into treatment group (34 cases) given conventional therapy + hypertonic sugar eyes drops with local to the oxygen therapy, the control group (34 cases) given conventional treatment + hypertonic sugar eyes drops.Visual acuity and corneal situation were observed during the treatment.RESULTS: Corneal edema fade time of treatment group was 11.62+0.53d, that of control group was 15.23±0.62d, the difference between the two groups was significant (P<0.05).Preoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and corneal endothelial cell count had no significantly difference between the two groups while the corneal endothelial cell count were significantly different compared with postoperative of the two groups (P<0.05).At 7d after treatment, the BCVA and corneal endothelial cell count had significantly difference between the two groups (P<0.05), which did not have significant difference at 1mo after treatment (P>0.05).The effective rates of the two groups was significantly different (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Hypertonic sugar eyes drops with local to the oxygen therapy is effective for severe corneal edema after cataract surgery.

Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is a flavonoid compound isolated from licorice. It possesses excellent antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities. This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the alleviatory effect of ISL on energy metabolism imbalance caused by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were used in in vivo experiments. The high-fat-high-glucose diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin was applied to establish T2DM animal model. All animal experiments were performed in accordance with the Institutional Guidelines of Laboratory Animal Administration issued by the Committee of Ethics at Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. HepG2 cells were used in in vitro experiments. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were used to examine the protein and mRNA levels of mitochondrial function-related targets. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in HepG2 cells were measured by the flow cytometry. Additionally, the molecular docking of ISL and key target proteins was analyzed. It was found that ISL significantly inhibited the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I and increased the protein levels of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in the livers of mice and HepG2 cells. It also obviously decreased the ROS levels and increased the MMP levels in cultured HepG2 cells. In addition, ISL promoted mitochondrial biogenesis by activating proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1α (PGC-1α) and enhanced mitophagy by upregulating Parkin. It also improved mitochondrial fusion by increasing the mRNA and protein levels of mitofusin 2 (MFN2). In conclusion, ISL alleviates energy metabolism imbalance caused by T2DM through suppression of excessive mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and promotion of mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, and fusion.

Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is an active chalcone compound isolated from licorice. It possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. In our previous study, we uncovered a great potential of ISL in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, this study aims to reveal the mechanism underlying the alleviatory effects of ISL on T2DM-induced glycolipid metabolism disorder. High-fat-high-sugar diet (HFD) combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) were used to establish T2DM mice model. All animal experiments were carried out with approval of the Committee of Ethics at Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. HepG2 cells were used in in vitro experiments, and sodium palmitate (SP) was applied to establish insulin resistance (IR) model cells. The effects of ISL on body weight, fasting blood glucose levels, and pathological changes in the livers of mice were examined. Enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) were applied to detect the regulatory effects of ISL on key targets involved in glucolipid metabolism. Additionally, molecular docking and analytical dynamics simulation methods were used to analyze the interaction between ISL and key target protein. The results indicate that ISL significantly downregulates the transcriptional levels and inhibits the activities of key enzymes involved in gluconeogenesis, including pyruvate carboxylase (PC), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase (FBP). It also downregulates the transcriptional and protein levels of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), the two transcriptional factors involved in gluconeogenesis. Thus, ISL inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis in T2DM mice. In addition, ISL reduces total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels in the livers of T2DM mice. Moreover, ISL downregulates the mRNA levels of lipogenesis genes and upregulates those of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation, lipid uptake, and lipid export. In conclusion, ISL suppresses hepatic gluconeogenesis, promotes lipolysis, and restrains lipogenesis in T2DM mice, thereby improving the abnormal glycolipid metabolism caused by T2DM.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that usually takes many years from preclinical phase to prodromal phase characterized by mild symptoms before the onset of dementia. Once diagnosed with AD, the brain is already severely damaged and the disease will process quickly to the most severe stages since there is no medications that reverse the neuronal injuries in the brain. Thus, simple, inexpensive, and widely available methods for detecting potential AD patients during their preclinical phases are urgently needed. In such case, olfactory testing may offer a chance for early diagnosis of AD. However, there are limitations in these olfactory tests due to the complexity of the brain areas it extends to and the frequently olfactory fatigue occurred in the behavioral olfactory tests. Great efforts have been done epidemiologically to investigate the correlation between olfactory functions and possibility of developing AD. Different patterns of olfactory dysfunction have been found in AD at early stages and even mild cognitive impairment (MIC), but the cause of the dysfunction remained unclear. Various kinds of AD animal models have been used in the field to clarify the existence of olfactory dysfunctions and thus study the underling mechanism of the dysfunction. In this review we discuss (1) the function of Tau physiologically and pathologically; (2) the genetic background and biological characteristics of the most commonly used Tau transgenic mice; (3) the structural and molecule basis of olfaction; (4) the possible relationship between Tau pathology and olfactory dysfunction. Finally, we suggest that the tau transgenic mouse models may be helpful in studying the possible mechanisms of the dysfunction.
Alzheimer Disease ; physiopathology ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Olfaction Disorders ; physiopathology ; tau Proteins

Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Chondrosarcoma, Mesenchymal ; metabolism ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemangiopericytoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Meningeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Meningioma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Solitary Fibrous Tumors ; metabolism ; pathology ; Vimentin ; metabolism ; Young Adult

AIM: To observe effect of the iris location to femtosecond - combined wavefront guided LASIK for myopia and astigmatism.?METHODS:The patients with astigmatism >1. 0D during the same time and followed up for 1a were selected. A total of 129 eyes in 67 patients were treated under iris location with femtosecond-combined wavefront guided LASIK ( experimental group) and 161 eyes in 82 cases with femtosecond-combined wavefront guided LASIK ( control group) . Laser cutting went with the same laser machine. The uncorrected visual acuity ( UCVA ) , best corrected visual acuity ( BCVA) , and wavefront aberration between the two groups were compared at 1, 3, 6mo and 1a after surgery.?RESULTS:At 1 and 3mo after surgery, the number of patients with better postoperative UCVA than preoperative BCVA between the two group showed a statistically significant difference (χ2=6. 423, P=0. 011,χ2=14. 431, P=0. 01 ); at 1d and 1mo after surgery, the residual astigmatism showed a statistically significant difference between two groups (t=1. 98, P<0. 05; t=2. 23, P<0. 05). At 3, 6mo and 1a after surgery, the differences on the change of residual astigmatism between the two groups weren’t significant ( P > 0. 05 ). At 6mo and 1a after surgery, the differences on UCVA between the two groups weren’t significant ( P > 0. 05 ). Until 1a after surgery, the root mean square ( RMS ) of high order wavefront aberration of the two groups, spherical aberration and coma aberration ( COMA ) were all enhanced compared to before surgery(P<0. 05). At 1, 3mo after surgery, the RMS showed a statistically significant difference between two groups (P<0. 05). At 1, 3, 6mo, 1a after surgery, the increase of COMA in experimental group was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0. 05).? CONCLUSION: Iris location technology applied in femtosecond - combined wavefront guided LASIK for myopia and astigmatism, can make the vision recovery faster, the RMS of high order and COMA increase less, the residual astigmatism less, show better and more stable treatment effect.

AIM:To contrast analysis of postoperative variation of corneal posterior surface heights after Femtosecond LASlK ( FS - LASlK ) and small incision lenticule extraction ( SMlLE) for high myopia.
●METHODS: Sixty-seven cases of high myopic patients (132 eyes) operated with laser corneal refractive in our hospital from May to Dec. in 2015 (-6. 00D≤spherical equivalent degree≤-10. 00D) were selected and divided into FS-LASlK group and SMlLE group. The thickness of corneal flaps at FS-LASlK and the thickness of map at SMlLE were designed to be 110μm. Corneal posterior surface heights were examined by Pentacam at preoperation, postoperative 3 and 6mo after FS-LASlK and SMlLE operation. Surface height changes after preoperative, postoperative 3 and 6mo were compared by measuring Pentacam corneal analysis system.
●RESULTS: Six months after operation, the FS-LASlK posterior corneal surface height was 6. 47 ± 1. 65mm, significantly higher than 5. 20 ± 1. 32mm before operation. SMlLE posterior corneal surface height was 6. 40 ± 1. 33mm, significantly higher than 5. 18 ± 1. 25mm before operation, the differences were statistically significant( P<0. 05). Six month after surgery, two methods of corneal surface height variation obtained was 1. 29 ± 1. 28mm and 1. 22 ± 0. 89mm, there was no significant difference ( P>0. 05).
●CONCLUSION:After FS-LASlK and SMlLE, the corneal posterior surface is protrusive. FS - LASlK is slightly obvious than SMlLE in early period. The stability of the posterior surface is better after SMlLE.

Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; therapeutic use ; Cardiomyopathies ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Moricizine ; therapeutic use ; Tachycardia ; complications ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo study the differences in the toxicity of vinegar-processed Kansui Radix on normal and cancerous ascites model rats.

METHODNormal and cancerous ascites model rats were taken as the research objects and orally administered with different doses of vinegar-processed Kansui Radix for 7 d. Pathological sections were prepared to observe the damages in liver, stomach, intestinal tissues in rats and detect the impacts on serum, liver, stomach and intestinal tissues and the oxidative damage index.

RESULTCompared with the blank group, all of normal administration groups and model groups showed significant damages in liver, stomach and intestinal tissues. Compared with the model groups, all of normal administration groups revealed notable alleviation in damages. Compared with the blank group, the model groups showed significant increases in AST, ALT and MDA in serum and liver (P < 0.01) and a significant decrease in GSH in serum and liver, stomach, intestinal tissues (P < 0.01). Compared with the blank group, the results showed significant decreases in ALT, AST in serum and ALT in liver in model low, medium and high dose groups and AST activity in liver tissues in the normal high dose group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); significant decreases in GSH in serum and stomach tissues in normal low, medium and high dose groups and GSH content in liver and intestinal tissues in normal medium and high dose groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); notable rises in MDA in liver tissues in normal low, medium and high dose groups and MDA content in serum and stomach and intestinal tissues in normal medium and high dose groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with model groups, data revealed significant decreases in ALT, AST in serum in model low, medium and high dose groups, AST in liver tissues of model medium and high dose groups and ALT activity in liver in the model high dose group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); significant increases in GSH content in serum and stomach tissues of model low, medium and high dose groups, GSH in liver tissues in model medium and high dose groups and GSH in intestinal tissues in the high dose groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); and notable declines in MDA content in serum in model low, medium and high dose groups, MDA in liver tissues of model medium and high dose groups and MDA in stomach and intestinal tissues the high dose group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONAccording to the study, vinegar-processed Kansui Radix showed a significant lower toxicity liver, stomach, and intestines of cancerous ascites model rats, which provided a basis for clinical safe application of vinegar-processed Kansui Radix based on symptom-based prescription theory.

Acetic Acid ; chemistry ; Animals ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Drug Prescriptions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; toxicity ; Euphorbia ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Intestines ; drug effects ; pathology ; Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Limit test of flavones in diterpene ginkgolides meglumine injection materials by UV-Vis and HPLC-DAD method was studied in this essay. The HPLC-DAD method has lower LOD (about 1% of the UV-Vis), that is, the sensitivity is higher than UV-Vis method. Through the analysis of the kinds of flavonoids ingredients in the samples by LC-MS, the three compounds with highest contents are kaempferol, quercetin and isorhamnetin. Kaempferol, quercetin and isorhamnetin were chosen as reference compounds for HPLC analysis, and the HPLC separation analysis was carried on an Agilent Eclipse plus C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 μm) with methanol and water containing 0.4% phosphoric acid (50: 50) as mobile phase, and the flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1). The detection wavelength was set at 360 nm. This method has good specificity, precision and reproducibility. The LODs of quercetin, kaempferide and isorhamnetin were 27.6, 22.3, 29.5 μg x L(-1). The average recovery was 87.9% (RSD 3.3%), 91.7% (RSD 3.1%), 88.3 (RSD 1.3%) for quercetin, kaempferide and isorhamnetin, respectively. Based on the 10 batches of sample results and sensitivity of different HPLC, the content of total flavonoids ingredients of diterpene ginkgolides meglumine injection materials was limited no more than 2 x 10(-5). This method is simple, quick and has good maneuverability, and could be used to the limit test of flavonoids in the diterpene ginkgolides meglumine injection materials.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Diterpenes ; analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Flavones ; analysis ; Ginkgolides ; analysis ; Limit of Detection ; Mass Spectrometry ; methods