The training of teaching ability is an important context of master course.Pathology Department of Xiang Ya School of Medicine take experimental teaching practice as the important way to improve their pathological experimental teaching skill.In this paper we introduced our experience.

Objective:To explore the application and safety of visual endotracheal tube in tracheal intubation in patients with gen eral anesthesia operation.Methods:220 patients with general anesthesia operation in Department of Anesthesiology,Guangdong No.2 provincial people's hospital firom October 2014 to December 2016 were selected,110 patients were treated with visual endotracheal intubation as observation group,110 patients were treated with general endotracheal intubation as control group.The number of intubation,intubation times and complication rate in the two groups were contrasted,compared the heart rate (HR),systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and oxygen saturation (SpO2) in the two groups at before induction of anesthesia (T0),after induction of anesthesia (T1),airway intubation (T2),5 min after intubation (T3).Results:The number of intubation and intubation times in the observation group were significantly less than those in the control group,the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05);At each time point,the HR,SBP,DBP and SpO2 in the two groups were no significant difference (P＞0.05);The HR,SBP,DBP and SpO2 in the two groups at T1 were significantly less than T0,T2,T3,the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05);The incidence of throat pain in the observation group (0.91％) was significantly less than that in the control group (7.27％),the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Use visual endotracheal tube in tracheal intubation in patients with general anesthesia operation is satisfactory,can effectively reduce the time of intubation and intubation times,and has good security,it is worthy of clinical application.

Objective To investigate the immunogenicity and cross protective effects of two novel HCV DNA vaccines in a mice model.Methods Two self-replicating alphavirus vector-based HCV DNA vaccines, pSCK CE1E2Y and pSCK H155, were constructed based on the genes encoding the structural pro-teins (Core, E1 and E2) and structural and NS3 fusion proteins (Core, E1 , E2 and NS3) of a HCV strain isolated from a Chinese patient (genotype 1b, Hebei strain), respectively.Western blot analysis was per-formed to detect the expression of fusion antigens.The BALB/c mice were intradermally immunized with the recombinant DNA vaccines by using electroporation.The immune responses induced in mice and the cross protective effects of the recombinant DNA vaccines were evaluated.Results The DNA vaccines effectively expressed the target antigens in vitro.The antigen-specific antibody responses and specific T cell immune re-sponses were induced in mice by the immunization of replicative DNA vaccines.However, no effective cross protection was provided by either of the DNA vaccines in the surrogate challenge model based on a recombi-nant heterologous HCV (JFH1, 2a) vaccinia virus strain.Conclusion Although no effective cross protec-tion was observed, both of the two replicative DNA vaccines could induce strong humoral and cellular im-mune responses against multi-target antigens of HCV strains.This study has paved the way for further inves-tigation on the development of novel HCV vaccines.

Background In China,esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) share susceptibility loci,but different rates of multiple primary cancer and male/female ratio suggest the proportion of familial cancer is not equal.Methods The percent of cases with a positive family history,median onset age,rate of multiple primary cancer,and male/female ratio associated with upper,middle,lower third ESCC and GCA were compared to reveal the proportion of familial cancer.The 7267 subjects analyzed constituted all ESCC and GCA cases in whom the cancer was resected with cure intention between 1970 and 1994 at the 4th Hospital of Hebei Medical University.Results A positive family history for cancer was most often associated with the multiple primary ESCC and/or GCA cases,e.g.with 42％ of the males and 59％ of the females.For upper,middle,lower third ESCC and GCA,the percent of cases with a positive family history decreased by 38.5％,26.3％,26.5％,and 11.2％ in males (P ＜0.000) and 25.0％,22.3％,23.9％,and 9.8％ in females (P ＜0.0001).Median onset age increased from 49,52,55,to 56 years old in males and from 50,53,55,to 56 years old in females (both P ＜0.0001) for upper,middle,lower third ESCC and GCA.Male/female ratio increased from 2.2,2.1,2.2,to 6.2:1 for upper,middle,lower third ESCC and GCA (P＜0.0001).For upper,middle,lower third ESCC and GCA,the percent of multiple primary cancers decreased from 21.2％,2.3％,2.2％,to 1.5％ in males and from 14.3％,2.4％,3.4％,to 3.1％ in females.The preponderance of males,smoking,drinking,or onset-age ≥50 years was significantly higher in GCA than in ESCC,and the difference in the rates of multiple primary cancers between the preponderant and the non-preponderant cases was significant in GCA,but not in ESCC,suggesting non-equal requirement for genetic susceptibility when environmental hazards did not exist.Conclusions The proportion of familial cancer in upper gastrointestinal carcinomas decreases by the priamry site of upper,middle,lower third esophagus and gastric cardia.Considering familial and sporadic cancers differ in preventability,screening strategy and recurrence,our findings have basic and clinical implications.

Objective To develop an effective way to evaluate the accurate platelet count in a patient with anticoagulants-induced pseudothrombocytopenia (PTCP).Methods It was studied that various anticoagulants effect on the platelets count for an infrequent patient with anticoagulants-dependent PTCP. When vitamin B6,aminophylline,gentamicin and amikacin were separately added to four anticoagulated blood samples from anticoagulants-dependent patient within 15 min after blood withdrawal,platelets count and morphological changes of blood cells after 4 hours of incubation at room temperature were investigated. The best anti-aggregating agent and its optimal concentration among them were explored.Results The four anticoagulants all could not inhibit the aggregation of the patient's platelets.Only amikaein among the above anti-aggregating agents can prevent and dissociate the aggregation of platelets without apparent morphological changes of blood cells and the platelet counts was stable within 4 hours after blood drawn when amikacin was added either before or after blood sampling.With increasing the concentration of amikaein,the platelet counts increase and then tend to be stable.The optimal concentration of amikacin is 5 mg/ml blood.Conclusions The supplementation of amikaein either before or after blood sampling is a useful method for the diagnosis anticoagulants-dependent PTCP and for the eva/uation of platelet counts in infrequent patients with anticoagulants-dependent PTCP.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of Gap-ligase chain reaction(LCR)-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)for Chlamydia trachomatis(CT) pneumonia in infants(28 days-3 months old baby was 16.9%(27/160 cases),and the incidence in 3-6 months old baby was 8.1%(12/149 cases).The clinical symptoms included that 25 cases(51.0%) had fever,48 cases(98.0%) with paroxysmal cough,45 cases(91.8%) with rhinocleisis,45 cases(91.8%) with spitting foam,49 cases(100%) with tachypnea,28 cases(57.1%) with lips cyanosis,26 cases(53.1%) with medium and moist rales,24 cases(49.0%) with dry rales,18 cases(36.7%) with phlegm whimper,29 cases(59.2%) with rough breath sounds in both lungs and there were 13 cases(26.5%) with conjunctivitis.Chest film and paper capacitor showed that bilateral extensive interstitial and(or) alveolar infiltration,over-inflation 23 cases(46.9%) had no lobal consolidation or pleural effusion.The WBC counts were normal or slightly high.All children were treated with cephalothin or penicillin before confirmation with CT infection.Eleven cases were treated with azithromycin after diagnosis with CT pneumonia and were cured 9 days after treatment and the others were not treated with azithromycin so their course prolonged from 15 to 44 days,among them there were 11 out-patients who were treated many times because of repeated cough.Conclusions CT is important pathogenic organism to cause pneumonia in neonatal and small infants.It is important to pay attention to the possibility of pneumonia caused by CT and make the diagnosis in early period as soon as possible and treat them with sensitive drug to shorten the course.

Glioblastoma is a malignant tumor in central nervous system, which has strong invasion, poor prognosis and short survival time. At present, the main treatment strategy of glioblastoma is surgical excision, supplemented by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, due to incomplete resection and high recurrence rate, it is urgent to find novel therapeutic method for glioblastoma. Photodynamic therapy, as a promising non-surgical treatment, provides a new strategy for postoperative adjuvant therapy of glioblastoma. This review summarizes the mechanism and clinical application of photodynamic therapy mediated by various photosensitizers in glioblastoma, in order to provide help for the treatment of glioblastoma.

Objective To explore the effect of erythropoietin(EPO) on apoptosis of human renal tubular(HK-2) cells induced by postasphyxial-serum of neonates.Methods HK-2 cells were used as target cells.The experiment was divided into 4 groups,control group(n=8):HK-2 cells were maintained in standard medium;asphyxia group(n=8):HK-2 cells were treated with serum obtained from neonates with asphyxia.Each culture medium replaced with 200 mL/L suffocation DMEM/F12 serum culture medium;EPO pretreatment group(n=8):HK-2 cells were pretreated 24 h with serum contains 5?104 IU/L EPO,and then deal as asphyxia group;EPO and 5-hydroxydecanoic acid sodium salt(5-HD) pretreatment group(n=8): HK-2 cells were pretreated 24 h with serum contains 5?104 IU/L EPO and 500 ?mol/L 5-HD,and then deal as asphyxia group.All cells were cultured at 37 ℃ in humidified atmosphere with 50 mL/L CO2 for 24 h.The apoptosis rate of HK-2 cells was detected by flow cytometer.The expressions of Caspase-3 and X-linked inlnibitor of apoptosis protein(XIAP) of HK-2 cells were detected by using immunohistochemical method.Results Compared with control group,after stimulated with postasphyxial-serum,the apoptosis rate and the expression of Caspase-3 of HK-2 cells were significantly increased(Pa

In this study, we investigated the pharmacokinetics parameters of SPIO-shRNA dual functional molecular probe and observed the main organ distribution by MRI in vivo. Eighteen New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups and injected intravenously with different doses of SPIO-shRNA molecular probe, respectively. The blood samples were collected to analyze the pharmacokinetic parameters by measuring the iron content at 30 minutes before and after the injection. Twenty-four Kun Ming (KM) mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: the control group was injected intravenously with physiological saline 200 µL per mouse via the tail vein, the other 3 groups were injected intravenously with different doses of SPIO-shRNA molecular probe. MRI observation was performed in 24 hours, and the liver, spleen, kidney, brain and muscle were collected for iron quantification with Prussian blue staining to determine distribution of the SPIO-shRNA molecular probe in the main organ in vivo. Our results suggest that the molecular probe blood half-life is more than 3 hours. The data of MRI suggest the probe was distributed in liver and spleen, and the MRI signal was reduced with the increase in probe's doses (P < 0.05). The results of Prussian blue staining confirmed the results of MRI. Most of the probe could escape the phagocytosis of mononuclear phagocyte system. Our data provide the pharmacokinetic and distribution of SPIO-shRNA molecular probe in organs. Meanwhile, it suggests the choice of the time and dose of probe for MR imaging of tumor in vivo.
Animals ; Half-Life ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Magnetite Nanoparticles ; Mice ; Molecular Probes ; pharmacokinetics ; RNA, Small Interfering ; chemistry ; Rabbits

OBJECTIVETo discuss arthroscopic technique of single Kirschner wire and suture avoiding epiphyseal line fixation for tibial intercondylar eminence fracture and its clinical results.

METHODSFrom May 2008 to December 2012, 21 patients (13 males, 8 females, ranging in age from 6 to 14 years old) with tibial intercondylar eminence fracture were treated arthroscopically with single Kirschner wire and suture avoiding epiphyseal line fixation technique. According to Meyers and McKeever classification, 7 patients were type II, 10 patients were type III, and 4 patients were type IV. Active rehabilitation began at one week after operation. The patients were followed up for 10 to 30 months. X-ray films were taken to evaluate fracture healing at 1, 3, 6 months after operation; range of motion, the anterior drawer test, the lachman test and the Lysholm knee score were used to evaluate clinical effects.

RESULTSAll fractures were healed without displacement at 6 weeks after operation. Anterior drawer test and the lachman test were both negative in all patients at 3 months after operation. Lysholm knee score was 95.5 ±2.5 at 6 months after operation, and postoperative X-ray film did not find epiphyseal line broadening or narrowing.

CONCLUSIONArthroscopic treatment for tibial eminence intercondylar fracture with single Kirschner wire and 8-shaped suture avoiding epiphyseal line fixation technique has many advantages, such as firm fixation,early mobilization, less invasive, less injury of physis and satisfactory effect.

Adolescent ; Arthroscopy ; Bone Wires ; Child ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Male ; Sutures ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery