Objective The differential diagnosis of female precocious puberty (PP) and premature breast development (PT) was made by ultrasound and related hormone levels,so as to provide the basis for clinical diagnosis.Methods In this study,from 2015 to 2016 due to early breast enlargement (age ＜ 8 years) to our hospital pediatric patients with children,according to the diagnostic criteria were divided into PP group and PT group.Ultrasonography was performed on all patients and graded according to the criteria.At the same time,the levels of clinical and hormones were compared between the two groups.ROC analysis was used to identify the significant differences.Results In this study,a total of 60 cases of female children,including PP and PT children were 30 cases.Ultrasonic breast grading was positively correlated with age,BA,BD,LH level,FSH level and E2 level,but there was no correlation between BA/CA.There was no statistical difference between the breast ultrasound and the breast diameter (P ＜ 0.05).The levels of LH and FSH,basal LH/ FSH,LF and FSH peak and LH/FSH peak in the PP group were significantly higher than those in the PT group (P ＜ 0.05).The ROC analysis found 100％ sensitivity and 85％ specificity for LH/FSH peak ＞0.25 for diagnosis of PP,with a 72％ sensitivity and a specificity of 65％ for basal LH ＞ 0.1 mIU/ml.The SHBG level was the only one that did not overlap [PP:80.6 (62.3-95.4) vs PT:114.5 (107.6-121.5)].There was no significant difference in kisspeptin,leptin and neurokinin B between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Breast ultrasound by grading and measurement of breast buds can be effective in evaluating the development of female precocious puberty breast development,but can not identify PP and PT.The study found that SHBG concentration and peak ratio of LH/FSH can effectively identify PP and PT,but kisspeptin,neurokinin B and leptin is not enough to identify PP and PT.

The directed molecular evolution of enzyme in vitro can not only improve the efficiency of evolution, but also evolve enzyme according to the investigator's desire. This review summed up the feasible methods of this novel technique.

Animals ; Aorta ; Cells, Cultured ; Chloride Channels ; physiology ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; drug effects ; metabolism ; physiology ; Pyrazines ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective Through investigation and training in the knowledge and skills of pre hospital emergency treatment in Xuzhou highway traffic policemen,we explored a more targeted and more effective first-aid skills training program.Methods Based on our hospital emergency center 91 highway traffic policemen were randomly assigned to 3 first aid skills training groups,group 1 received theoretical training and operational training,group 2 was given the same theoretical training and operational training after DVD player,group 3 took the same method as that of group 2,besides,situational training was given to group 3.The emergency treatment technique was evaluated post training.Results After the training,the scores of 3 groups were different from each other,group 3 had the best results compared with group 1 and group 2.Conclusions The highway traffic policemen had poor emergency treatment knowledge.They should be trained with first aid knowledge and skills as well as cardiopulmonary resuscitation training.

Toresolve the problems in current physiologyexam,this paper proposed the measures in examination reform of physiology,which would provide reference for better training innovative medical personnel with a good overall quality to meet the needs of society.

Objective To investigate the alteration of serotonin-producing gastric enterochromaffin (EC)cell in patients with functional dyspepsia(FD).Methods Fifteen healthy volunteers and 33 patients with FD were enrolled.Proximal gastric mucosal EC cells were countered after immunohisto- chemistry staining.The ultrastructure of EC cell was observed by electromicroscope.Results The EC cells in proximal gastric mucosa in patients with FD were significant higher than that in controls(12.5?2.1 vs 8.3?1.4,t=2.353,P＜0.05),and the staining intensity of EC cell in patients with FD was also stronger than that in controls(3.72?0.42 vs 2.61?0.57,t=2.078,P＜0.05).The more sever the gastric mucosal inflammation was,the more number of EC cells and the stronger staining intensity were.Under the electromicroscopy,more Golgi apparatus,mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum were found in EC cells.Special secreting particles were also found in cytoplasm.Conclusions EC cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of FD.The number of EC cell is related with the severity of gastric mucosal inflammation.

To study the regulation of androgen receptor (AR) expression in human prostate cancer LNCaP cells by triptolide (TP) and the possible mechanism, by using qRT-PCR and Western blot, the AR mRNA and protein levels in TP treated LNCaP cells were detected, and the AR protein level in TP and NF-κB inhibitor treated LNCaP cells was also detected; a series of pGL3-AR promoter reporter gene vectors were built using restriction-free cloning method, and the vectors were employed to investigate the effects of TP on the transcriptional activity of AR promoter in LNCaP cells; the upstream proteins which may play regulatory roles were detected using western blot assay. After treated LNCaP cells with TP for 48 h, AR mRNA and protein expressions decreased with increasing TP concentration. The expression of AR target gene PART1 and prostate specific antigen (PSA) was also downregulated by TP treatment; a series of pGL3-AR promoter reporter vectors were constructed and validated by sequencing and luciferase activity; the results of dual luciferase reporter assay showed that TP downregulated AR at the transcriptional level; PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway which is associated with AR promoter activity was drowregulated by TP. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the transcriptional activity of AR in LNCAP cells was downregulated by TP, and PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway may be involved in the regulation mechanism.
Cell Line, Tumor ; Diterpenes ; pharmacology ; Down-Regulation ; Epoxy Compounds ; pharmacology ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Male ; NF-kappa B ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Phenanthrenes ; pharmacology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; Receptors, Androgen ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcriptional Activation

In order to study the accumulation of Fritillaria thunbergii cultivar, peimine content in Xiaye, Kuanye, Duozi and Xiaosanzi bulbs of different sizes and parts was determined by HPLC-ELSE. The results indicated that the peimine content varied significantly with the cultivar type, the size and part of bulb. The distribution laws of peimine were as follow: Xiaosanzi > Duozi > Xiaye > Kuanye, small-size bulb > big-size bulb, core bud > scale. The peimine yield per plant in Duozi was the highest.
Cevanes ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Fritillaria ; chemistry ; growth & development

The HPLC fingerprint determination method of Jinzhen oral solution was established to provide a new method for quality control of Jinzhen oral solution. RP-HPLC was used for phenomenex Luna C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 μm) chromatographic column, with 0.1% H3 PO4 water solution and acetonitrile as the mobile phase for gradient elution. The detection wavelength was 280 nm. HPLC fingerprint of Jinzhen oral solution was established to identify 17 common peaks in Jinzhen oral solution. The similarity of fingerprints of 10 batches of finished products was more than 0. 90. The established HPLC fingerprint has a better precision, reproducibility and stability, and can be applied in quality control of Jinzhen oral solution.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Quality Control

Examination paper analysis is an important job in examination management.It includes qualificative analysis and quantitative analysis,which are connective and complementary.This essay discusses the selection and application of examination paper analysis indexes.