According to the course characteristics and teaching outline of medical psychology,problem-based learning (PBL) case about somatoform disorders was compiled based on a typical clinical real case.The PBL case covered a wide range of topics such as basic medicine,clinical medicine and medical psychology.Just as clinical treatment process,teachers gave information and put forward the corresponding questions in successive steps.By self-study and group discussion,students learned knowledge about anxiety,somatoform disorders,therapeutic relationship,sociocultural factors and individual personality.The course survey showed that PBL teaching was appreciated by medical students.The PBL model can improve learning interest and self-study ability,promote the connection of different subjects and combine theory and practice.The PBL model is useful for improving the quality of medical psychology teaching.

OBJECTIVETo study the role of osteocyte in bone remodeling due to mechanical loading in vitro.

METHODSMLO-Y4 osteocyte-like cells were exposed to fluid flow-induced shear stress(12dyn/cm(2))for 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours. Osteocyte exposed to shear stress at different time points were used in co-culture system for 9 days, and then the cells were stained with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase on the 9(th) day and the amount of positively stained osteoclasts were counted and compared. The expressions of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa (RANKL) were detected by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (semi-quantitative RT-PCR).

RESULTSCompared with bone cells without stimulation with fluid flow-induced shear stress, the amount of osteocytes significantly decreased at all time points after the application of fluid flow-induced shear stress (all P<0.05). The OPG expression at mRNA levels was significantly up-regulated in the first 12 hours (P<0.001), the RANKL mRNA expression was significantly down-regulated in the first 4 hours (P<0.05), and the RANKL/OPG ratio significantly decreased within 12 hours (P<0.01). However, all these indicators showed no significant difference at 24 hours when compared with the pre-stimulation level.

CONCLUSIONOsteocytes may act as mechanosensors that are able to inhibit bone resorption after mechanical loading; however, such effect shows certain adaptation ability to shear stress as time goes.

Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques ; Male ; Mice ; Osteoclasts ; cytology ; Osteocytes ; cytology ; Osteoprotegerin ; metabolism ; RANK Ligand ; metabolism ; Stress, Mechanical

Objective • To optimize the method of the flow cytometry MoFlo Astrios EQ on single-cell sorting in 96-well plate. Methods • Using different aperture nozzles and sorting ways, the 32D, U937, iBMDM and 293T cells were used for single-cell sorting after the precise adjustment of the instrument and various parameters. The hole numbers with single cell and single-cell clones were detected after sorting. Results • In the single-cell sorting mode, the hole numbers with single cell were 83-91 by 70 μm nozzle and 87-93 by 100 μm nozzle. After 7-10 days of culture, the hole numbers with single-cell clones were 36-58 by 70 μm nozzle. In 100 μm nozzle, the hole numbers with single-cell clones were 53-78 by electrostatic charge sorting and 69-81 by straight-down sorting, respectively. Conclusion • In single-cell sorting, a better cell viability and higher cloning rate are observed in 100 μm nozzle and straight-down sorting.

The teaching status of Molecular Pharmacognosy in 28 institutions in China was investigated by questionnaire and the survey data was analyzed by SPSS. Research contents included course beginning years, majors, class hours, characteristics of the course, teaching ways, the theory and practice contents, evaluation modes, selection of teaching material, teaching achievements, teachers and so on for undergraduates and graduates. Research results showed that with 20 years' development, Molecular Pharmacognosy had been offered for both undergraduate and graduate students in at least 20 colleges and universities and Molecular Pharmacognosy education in China showed good development momentum. At the same time, to promote the development of Molecular Pharmacognosy further, investment for it should be increased and practical teaching condition should be improved.
China ; Humans ; Molecular Biology ; education ; manpower ; methods ; trends ; Pharmacognosy ; education ; manpower ; methods ; trends ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; genetics ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Teaching ; manpower ; methods ; trends

Child ; Child Welfare ; Education, Medical, Continuing ; Humans ; Pediatrics ; education

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical features of respiratory diseases of late preterm neonates.

METHODSSix hundred and thirty late preterm infant(gestational age: 34~36+6weeks),4401 cases of term infants and 328 early preterm infants who were born at the obstetrical department of Peking University 3rd Hospital from January 2009 to December 2010 were enrolled. Among them 84 late preterm infants, 135 term infants and 182 early preterm infants developed respiratory diseases. The incidence of respiratory diseases,clinical features and the severity of the diseases were compared among the three groups.

RESULTSThe incidence and mortality rates of respiratory diseases and the percentage of severe cases were significantly higher in the late preterm group than in the term group, but lower than in the early preterm group (P<0.01). The symptoms of respiratory disease occurred earlier in the late preterm group than in the term group, but later than in the early preterm group (P<0.01). The late preterm group had a significantly higher incidence of tachypnea and lower incidence of retraction sign when compared with the term and early preterm groups (P<0.05). The percentages requiring oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation in the late preterm group were both significantly higher than in the term group, but lower than in the early preterm group (P<0.05). The multiple linear regression analysis showed 11 factors associated with the severity of respiratory diseases: decreased arterial partial pressure of oxygen, hematokrit, pH value and respiratory rate, arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation, systolic arterial pressure, 5 minute Apgar score and gestational age, and increased blood urea nitrogen, heart rate and respiratory rate.

CONCLUSIONSLate preterm infants are more likely to develop respiratory diseases than term infants, and to develop a more severe condition and need a more intensive respiratory support treatment. Tachypnea is a common presentation of dyspnea in late preterm infants and occurs earlier than in term infants but later than in early preterm infants. It may usually indicate a serious condition when dyspnea, abnormal heart rate and blood pressure, and multisystem damages occur in late preterm infants.

Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature, Diseases ; epidemiology ; mortality ; Prognosis ; Respiratory Tract Diseases ; epidemiology ; mortality ; Retrospective Studies

This study was amid to construct the pharmacophore model of L-type calcium channel antagonist in the application of screening Drugbank and TCMD. This paper repositions the approved drugs resulting from virtual screening and discusses the relocation-based drug discovery methods, screening antihypertensive drugs with L-type calcium channel function from TCMD. Qualitative hypotheses wre generated by HipHop separately on the basis of 12 compounds with antagonistic action on L-type calcium channel expressed in rabbit cardiac muscle. Datebase searching method was used to evaluate the generated hypotheses. The optimum hypothesis was used to search Drugbank and TCMD. This paper repositions the approved drugs and evaluates the antihypertensive effect of the chemical constituent of traditional Chinese medicine resulting from virtual screening by the matching score and literature. The results showed that optimum qualitative hypothesis is with six features, which were two hydrogen-bond acceptors, four hydrophobic groups, and the CAI value of 2.78. Screening Drugbank achieves 93 approved drugs. Screening TCMD achieves 285 chemical constituents of traditional Chinese medicine. It was concluded that the hypothesis is reliable and can be used to screen datebase. The approved drugs resulting from virtual screening, such as pravastatin, are potentially L-type calcium channels inhibitors. The chemical constituents of traditional Chinese medicine, such as Arctigenin III and Arctigenin are potentially antihypertensive drugs. It indicates that Drug Repositioning based on hypothesis is possible.
Animals ; Antihypertensive Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Calcium Channel Blockers ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Calcium Channels, L-Type ; genetics ; metabolism ; Drug Repositioning ; methods ; Molecular Structure ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Rabbits

A boy aged 2 months (born at 36 weeks of gestation) was admitted due to cough and dyspnea. After admission, he was found to have persistent hypertension, proteinuria, and persistent convulsion, and imaging examination showed extensive calcification of the aorta and major branches and stenosis of local lumens of the abdominal aorta and the right renal artery with increased blood flow velocity. The boy was admitted during the neonatal period due to wet lung and pulmonary arterial hypertension and was found to have hypertension and proteinuria. High-throughput whole-exome sequencing was performed and found two compound heterozygous mutations in the ENPP1 gene from his parents, c.130C>T (p.Q44X) and c.1112A>T (p.Y371F). c.130C>T was a nonsense mutation, which could cause partial deletion of protein from 44 amino acids, and was defined as a primary pathogenic mutation. c.1112A>T was a missense mutation which had been reported as a pathogenic mutation associated with idiopathic infantile arterial calcification (IIAC). Therefore, he was diagnosed with IIAC. He was given phosphonate drugs, antihypertensive drugs, anticonvulsion treatment, and respiratory support. Blood pressure was maintained at the upper limit of normal value. There was no deterioration of arterial calcification. It is concluded that IIAC should be considered for infants with persistent hypertension and extensive vascular calcification, and imaging and genetic examinations should be performed as early as possible to make a confirmed diagnosis.
Humans ; Hypertension ; Infant ; Infant, Premature ; Male ; Mutation ; Vascular Calcification

To analyze and discuss placebo-related information in clinical research literatures in the past 30 years, including placebo's dosage form, ingredients, preparation process and quality control. Effort were made to research the CNKI. full-text database to preliminary find 700 placebo-related clinical research literature, screen out 301 eligible articles by hand, read the literatures to extract placebo-related information and make statistics and discussions. According to the results, Chinese randomized placebo-controlled clinical studies were characterized by diverse dosage forms of placebo with lack of reports for components, as evidenced by the only 17 literatures describing placebo's preparation or specific composition among the 301 literatures. Placebo-controlled clinical trials covered a wide range of disease spectra, but with a specific tropism of diseases in terms of system classification. Although placebo plays a key role in blinded clinical studies, researchers made less records of placebo, perhaps because they paid less attention to placebo or more attention to the research process or restricted by other objective conditions. Moreover, placebo production, quality control and quality evaluation also need to be further standardized.
Biomedical Research ; history ; standards ; China ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Placebo Effect ; Quality Control ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; history ; standards