The teaching status of Molecular Pharmacognosy in 28 institutions in China was investigated by questionnaire and the survey data was analyzed by SPSS. Research contents included course beginning years, majors, class hours, characteristics of the course, teaching ways, the theory and practice contents, evaluation modes, selection of teaching material, teaching achievements, teachers and so on for undergraduates and graduates. Research results showed that with 20 years' development, Molecular Pharmacognosy had been offered for both undergraduate and graduate students in at least 20 colleges and universities and Molecular Pharmacognosy education in China showed good development momentum. At the same time, to promote the development of Molecular Pharmacognosy further, investment for it should be increased and practical teaching condition should be improved.
China ; Humans ; Molecular Biology ; education ; manpower ; methods ; trends ; Pharmacognosy ; education ; manpower ; methods ; trends ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; genetics ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Teaching ; manpower ; methods ; trends

BACKGROUND: Both Cultispher microcarrier and fibrin can act as carriers in cartilage tissue engineering, but their application is limited by poor mechanical properties and poor plasticity.OBJECTIVE: To combine Cultispher microcarrier carrying chondrocytes with fibrin glue to construct Gultispher/fibrin composite scaffold, and to investigate the effect of this composite scaffold in the articular cartilage repair in a rabbit model. METHODS: Rabbit chondrocyte and Cultispher microcarriers were co-cultured in a stirred bioreactor until the chondrocytes adhered to and proliferated quickly on the microcarrier surface. Chondrocytes-seeded microcarries were then combined with fibrin glue to construct microcarrier/fibrin glue composite scaffolds, to repair trochlear cartilage defects of the knee joint in the rabbit model. In the experiment, three different treatments were respectively done for repair of cartilage defects, including implantation of chondrocytes-seeded microcarries/fibrin glue composite scaffold (MCF group), implantation of Gultispher/fibrin composite scaffold (MF group), and no treatment (blank control group). At 3 and 6 months after surgery, gross observation, histological evaluation, pathological evaluation and Micro-CT scanning were conducted to evaluate the cartilage repair effects. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Gross observation showed that the MCF group achieved better effect on cartilage repair, compared to the other two groups. Histopathological evaluation revealed hyaline-like cartilage tissues in the MCF group while fibrocartilage tissues were seen in the other two groups, shown by safranin O staining and sirius red staining.Micro-CT scanning results showed better subchondral bone remodeling was found in the MCF group than the other two groups. Gross observation and pathological observation showed better outcomes in the MCF group than the MF and blank control groups. To conclude, the chondrocyte-seeded Cultispher microcarrier/fibrin glue composite scaffold succeeds in the articular cartilage repair.

OBJECTIVETo understand the prognosis of the children with urinary calculi associated with exposure to melamine-contaminated formula.

METHODSA follow-up study was performed in 47 out-patients from the Third Hospital of Peking University who were diagnosed with urinary calculi associated with exposure to melamine-contaminated formula. Urinary tract B-ultrasound and renal function examinations were done during the 1 to 6-month follow-up.

RESULTSBy the 6th month of follow-up, spontaneous stone passage was found in 36 children (77%). The follow-up failed in four children. None of the patients had any complications. Spontaneous stone passage was not associated with the volume and the period exposed to melamine in formula, but was associated with the location of calculi. The time to spontaneous stone passage in boys appeared to be longer than in girls, but there were no statistical differences.

CONCLUSIONSSpontaneous stone passage can be found in most children and the prognosis of children with urinary calculi associated with exposure to melamine-contaminated formula is good.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Food Contamination ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Formula ; Male ; Prognosis ; Sex Factors ; Triazines ; adverse effects ; Urinary Calculi ; chemically induced

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; therapeutic use ; Camptothecin ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hepatoblastoma ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Male ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; drug therapy

Migraine is a complex and heterogeneous disorder. Although several genetic models has been proposed including autosomal-dominant/autosomal recessive, sex-linked, sex-limited, mitochondrial, and multi-gene, none of these models can well-explain the transmission of the disease. We hypothesied that migraine is a sex-conditioned inherited disorder (autosomal dominant in females and autosomal recessive in males). This hypothesis is supported by the evidence such as the locations of genes associated with familial hemiplegic migraine, possibly "typical" migraine as well (dominantly on chromosome 19p, 1q, and 2q), male:female ratio of prevalence (1:2-1:4), the mostly youth-onset, the provocation by the contraceptives, the induction by menstruation, and the self-limitation after menopause. Female sex-hormones appear to be the key contributor to a higher prevalence of migraine in female. Socio-environmental factors may also play an important role.
Age of Onset ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Genes, Dominant ; genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones ; metabolism ; Humans ; Inheritance Patterns ; genetics ; Male ; Menstrual Cycle ; genetics ; Migraine Disorders ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Sex Factors

AIMTo investigate protective effects of ginkgolide B (GB) in different administration modes on glutamate-induced neuronal damage.

METHODSEssential GB were obtained by supercritical CO2 fluid extraction. Glutamate excitotoxicity were examined in primary cultures from neonatal Wistar rat, by using of Trypan blue dye staining, testing the lactate dehydrogenase leakage from cultured neurons and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) method. The protective effects of GB in different administration modes (pre-treatment and post-treatment) were adopted and compared with the NMDA receptor uncompetitive antagonist-MK-801 in acute-treatment.

RESULTSTreatment with GB in two administration modes both could increase ratio of surviving neuron, decrease LDH efflux and reduce ratio of neuron apoptosis in different degree, depended on dose in certain range. The protective effect of pre-treatment was superior to post-treatment, but inferior to MK-801.

CONCLUSIONGB can protect neurons against glutamate damage, and preventive using has more efficiency. The potential mechanism of its neural protection may be not only related to PAF receptor. If the predominant protection effect of GB in pretreatment is considered, precautionary intervention to high-risk population could have more value.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Dizocilpine Maleate ; pharmacology ; Ginkgolides ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Glutamic Acid ; adverse effects ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Lactones ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Neurons ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Atrial Flutter ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; blood ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; blood ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Male

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Child, Preschool ; Cyclophosphamide ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neuroblastoma ; drug therapy ; Topotecan ; administration & dosage ; Vincristine ; administration & dosage

Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; drug therapy ; Male ; Rituximab