A quantitative method using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography was established to simultaneously determine ten ginsenoside active ingredients including ginsenoside Rg6, F4, Rk3, Rh4, 20(S) -Rg3, 20(R) -Rg3, Rk1, Rg5, 20(S)-Rh2 and 20(R)-Rh2 in steamed notoginseng. The ten ginsenosides of steamed notoginseng with different head numbers, parts, and steaming time were determined by this method. An Acquity BEH C18 chromatographic column (2.1 mm x 100 mm, 1.7 microm) was used to perform the determination, which was maintained at 35 degrees C throughout the analysis. Mobile phase was composed of water and acetonitrile with flow rate at 0.3 mL x min(-1) under gradient elution, and detection wavelength was set to 203 nm for monitoring the separation. The results demonstrate ginsenoside Rg6, F4, Rk3, Rh4, 20 (S)-Rg3, 20 (R) -Rg3, Rk1, Rg5, 20 (S)-Rh2 and 20(R) -Rh2 have shown good linearity (R2 > or = 0.999 8) within 0.46-115, 2.06-515, 1.632408, 3.216-804, 1.392-348, 1.4-350, 0.496-248, 3.012-1 506, 0.82-205 and 0.832-208 mg x L(-1), and their average recoveries were 97.00%, 97.96%, 98.86%, 95.27%, 98.67%, 98.02%, 95.53%, 96.63%, 99.57% and 103.6%, respectively. The proposed approach was quick and accurate and portrayed excellent repeatability and determination efficiency. The quality of steamed notoginseng was effectively controlled, which served as a foundation for establishing a normalized processing technique and quality standard for ensuring the reliability and consistency of its clinical efficacy.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Ginsenosides ; analysis ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results ; Steam

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of entecavir in lamivudine-refractory patients with chronic hepatitis B.Methods Literature from Medline,Embase and CBM between January 2001 to December 2008 were reviewed.Acccording to the including and excwding criteria,four randomized controlled trials (RCT) were enrolled.The results of the trials were reviewed and analysed in software Revman 4.2.Results Patients in the entecavir group enjoyed significantly higher negative conversion ratios of HBV-DNA and ALT,and positive seroconversion of HBeAg:RR were 13.90(95% CI 6.39～30.24,P＜0.00001),2.49(95% CI 1.40～4.45,P=0.002),and 3.53 (95% CI 2.85～4.38,P＜0.000 01) respectively.There was a trend for the improvement of negative conversion ratio of HBeAg (RR=2.27,95% CI 1.00～5.15,P=0.05),but the incidence of side-effects of the drugs has no difference (RR=1.05,95% CI 0.97～1.14,P=0.21).Conclusions Compared with lamivudine or placebo,entecavir can significantly decrease HBV-DNA,improve liver function and positive seroconversion ratio of HBeAg without raising the incidence of drug side-effects.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristic of influenza in children in Guangzhou ,and provide the sci-entific basis for prevention .Methods A total of 20 throat swabs were collected from children with influenza-like illness(ILI) each week from 2014 to 2015 .A total of 2080 samples were obtained .The virus was isolated with MDCK cell line and virus type identi-fication were detected by real-time PCR .The relevant data was collected and analyzed epidemiologically .Results A total of 244 were detected positive in 2080 ILI cases in Guangzhou from 2014 to 2015 .The positive rate was 11 .7% .The positive rate of influ-enza virus reached peak in February and June in 2014 ,and the major type of influenza virus was new type H1N1 in February and H3N2 in June .The positive rate of influenza virus reached peak in March and June in 2015 ,and the major type of influenza virus were B type in March and H3N2 in June .Only one case of new H1N1 was detected in 2015 .The positive rate of influenza virus was 25 .6% in 3 to 6 years old ILI children which took larger part than other groups .Conclusion In Guangzhou ,the influenza virus epi-demic is more active in 2015 .The major type of influenza virus in the epidemic is seasonal type H 3N2 and B .Type A and type B appeared in the epidemic alternatively .The 3-6 year-old children are the high-risk group of influenza infection ,and should be monitored .

0.05).Conclusions Neither the new nor old SIRS diagnostic criteria had a high conforning rate with neonatal critical illnesses;There was no significant difference between them in each clinical item.It shows that the new SIRS diagnostic criteria is not superior to the old one,therefore we should improve the neonatal SIRS diagnostic criteria in the future.

Purpose To study the expression of HK2 in human prostate cancer (PCa) tissues and its effect on malignant phenotype of prostate cancer cells.Methods HK2 expression in PCa tissues was determined by microarray database and immunohistochemical staining.Subsequently,the change of cellular phenotype was detected by glycometabolism kit,CCK-8 kit,and flow cytometry after HK2 knockdown.Results HK2 expression was elevated followed by prostate cancer development.HK2 depletion inhibited cellular proliferation and aerobic glycolysis,and increased the ratio of early apoptosis.Conclusion HK2 expression increases in the process of PCa malignant progression.It plays a critical role in cellular proliferation,glycometabolism,and apoptosis,the mechanism of which needs further exploration.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical features of epistaxis in the posterior fornix of inferior meatus and its comprehensive treatment measures. METHOD: We collected and retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 212 cases of epistaxis hospitalized in our department, among which 23 cases were diagnosed as epistaxis in the posterior fornix of inferior meatus. They underwent nasal endoscopic exploration and coagulation surgery with one case under general anesthesia and the other 22 under local anesthesia. The bleeding from olfactory cleft, spheno-ethmoidal recess and the middle nasal meatus were excluded for all the patients during the surgery. After shifting the inferior turbinate inward by fracture, the active bleeding was found in the posterior fornix of inferior meatus, which was stopped immediately by bipolar coagulation. The areas of coagulation and nasal mucosa erosion were packed with nasopore after operation. RESULT: For all the patients, bleeding spots were definitely located during the operation and successfully coagulated. None of them suffered from recurrent-bleeding within 1 week postoperatively. Followed up for 6 to 12 months, there was no epstaxis recurrence or nasal cavity adhesion at the bled side in all patients. CONCLUSION For intractable epistaxis patient, after excluding the bleeding in olfactory cleft, sphenoethmoidal recess and the middle nasal meatus, it should be considered that the bleeding might come from posterior fornix of inferior meatus. It is the key point to thoroughly expose the posterior fornix of inferior meatus by shifting the inferior turbinate inward by fracture and explore for the bleeding spot carefully.
Adult ; Aged ; Epistaxis ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the knowledge of chronic heart failure (CHF) and influencing factors in general practitioners (GP) in Beijing.Methods A self-designed questionnaire contained total 28 items,including basic knowledge of CHF,non-drug management,drug management and other management ; clinical cases were used to test clinical ability in 7 items.The questionnaire survey was conducted among GPs who participated in continuing education courses from 16 counties/districts in Beijing during January to June 2013.Results Total 720 questionnaires were distributed and 657 valid questionnaires were returned with a recovery rate of 91.3％.Total scores was 60.6.Scores of basic knowledge,non-drug management,drug management and other management was 63.1,76.9,44.0 and 56.9,respectively.There were statistical differences in scores of basic knowledge,non-drug management,drug management and other management between GPs with different diploma (F value:36.8,5.8,21.6,12.2,respectively; P ＜0.01) ; there were significant differences in scores of basic knowledge and drug management among GPs with different working years (F value:15.1 and 17.4,respectively ; P ＜ 0.01) ; there was significant difference in scores of drug management among GPs with different professional title (F =7.69,P ＜ 0.01).Only for GPs with junior college diploma,the scores of basic knowledge and drug management in GPs with working ≥20 y were higher than those working ＜ 20 y(P ＜ 0.01).The accuracy of clinical ability in GPs with junior college diploma,undergraduate diploma and post-undergraduate diploma was 39.6％,41.6％,41.8％ (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The knowledge of CHF is less desirable in GPs of Beijing,so that measures should be taken to improve the GP's knowledge of CHF.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of short hairpin RNA targeting human telomerase reverse transcriptase(hTERT)on inhibition of telomerase activity and on expression of protein c-myc in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. METHODS Plasmid shRNA1 containing fluorescein gene and hTERT cDNA sequences were synthesized. Cells were transfected with plasmid shRNA1. The cell viability was examined using the MTT assay. The activity of telomerase was tested by polymerase chain reaction telomeric repeat amplification protocol- enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (PCR-TRAP- ELISA),protein c-myc expression was tested by western blot. RESULTS It was observed that treatment with pshRNA1 in the presence of a valid transfection reagent could significantly reduce telomerase activity and the expression of protein of c-myc. CONCLUSION Inhibition of telomerase activity or expression of hTERT mRNA in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells could inhibit cells proliferation and reduce the expression of protein of c-myc.

The pivotal characteristics, the current situation, the challenge being faced with and the potential solution related to the automatized flow line of the clinical laboratory is introduced in order to provide the reference for the healthy development of the full automatization of the clinical laboratories in China.