Objective To study the effects of knock down midkine(MK)by siRNA on chemosinsitivity in bladder cancer cells. Methods Three MK siRNAs were designed and constructed. After transfected with MK siRNA or scrambled siRNA for different time, cultured cells were harvested to carry on the next experiments. Expression of MK was determined by real-time RT-PCR and western blot, and apoptosis were evaluated by caspase-3 activity and TUNEL assay. MTT was performed to examine the inhibition effect of Paclitaxel (PTX) on cells. Results MK siRNA could down-regulate the MK expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The MTT results showed that the inhibit rates were (18.21±0.36)%, (18.19±0.29)%, (17.89±0.33)%, (1.86±0.52)%, (32.56±0.53) %, (53. 83±0.38) % and (78. 95±0.55) % in different groups PTX alone(0.2μmol/L), ConA +PTX(0.2 μmol/L), Con-B +PTX(0.2 μmol/L), siRNA alone(12. 50 nmol/L), siRNA(3. 125nmol/L) + PTX (0. 2 μmol/L), siRNA (6. 25 nmol/L) + PTX (0. 2 μmol/L) and siRNA (12. 50nmol/L)+PTX(0.2 μmol/L), respectively. The TUNEL results showed that apoptosis index was (1.81 ±0. 36)%, (1. 89±0. 38)%, (5. 56±0. 58)%, (9. 68±0.55)% and (15. 25±0.56)% in different groups (Con-A, Con-B, siRNA (3. 125 nmol/L), siRNA (6. 25 nmol/L) and siRNA ( 12. 5nmol/L), respectively. The activity of caspase-3 increased significantly in transefected cells with a dose-and time-dependent manner. Conclusion MK siRNA could sensitize human bladder cancer cells to chemotherapy which might be through the apotosis.

ObjectiveTo determine optimal positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) in mechanical ventilation in children with severe asthmatoid disease based on the quasistatic pressure-volume (P-V) curve.MethodsA serf-control study was done on 23 children with severe asthmatoid disease in the pediatric intensive care unit( PICU ).Quasistatic lung P-V curve of these patients was analyzed and the lower inflection point (LIP) from P-V curve was determined.Three different PEEP (0 cm H2O,LIP,LIP+2 cm H2O,1 mm H2O =0.098 kPa) were given to the patients.The effects of PEEP at different levels on gas exchange,hemodynamic and airway pressure were observed.ResultsThe quasistatic LIP were (2.70 ±2.00)cm H2O.When PEEP was increased to the level of LIP + 2 cm H2O,PaO2 / FiO2 and lung compliance improved significantly (P ＜ 0.01 ) and dynamic lung compliance was the highest,peak inspiratory pressure was (22.30 ± 3.00) cm H2O and mean airway pressure was( 14.11 ± 1.01 ) cm H2O,without obvious adverse effects on mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate.There was no difference in PaCO2,when compared PEEP =0 cmH2O to PEEP =LIP + 2 cmH2O.ConclusionThe application of PEEP is safe.LIP + 2 cm H2O from quasistatic P-V curve could be set as the optimal PEEP under which mechanical ventilation has the best efficacy and do not aggravate CO2 retention and abnormality of hemodynamics in children with severe asthmatoid disease.

Amyloid beta-Peptides ; analysis ; Animals ; Frontal Lobe ; drug effects ; physiology ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; physiology ; Learning ; drug effects ; Memory ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Sodium Azide ; pharmacology ; Space Perception

Animals ; Electric Stimulation ; Neurons ; pathology ; physiology ; Pain Threshold ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Red Nucleus ; pathology ; physiology

Objective To establish an HPLC method for the determination of metoclopramide (MCP) and its related substances in MCP nasal spray .Methods Chromatographic separation was performed on an Agilent TC-C18 column (250 mm ×4.6 mm,5 μm) using acetonitrile and phosphate buffer solution (0.05 mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, added with 5 ml of triethylamine and adjusted to pH 4.0 with phosphoric acid)(19∶81) as the mobile phase at 1.0 ml/min.The detection wavelength was 275 nm and the column temperature was set at 30℃.Results and Conclusion Related substances were completely separated from MCP .For MCP,the linearity of determination was over the range of 10-200 μg/ml and the recovery of the method ranged from 100.3%to 101.6%.The relative standard deviation was 0.68%(n=9).The method is accurate, reliable, repeatable, and could be readily utilized as a quality control method for MSP nasal spray .

Objective To perform the MR findings and clinic characteristics of a series cases with malformations of cortical organization and to have a better understanding of malformations of cortical organization.Methods The clinical records and MRI studies of 5 cases with malformations of cortical organization were retrospectively reviewed.Results (1) 3 of 5 cases were polymicrogyria and 2 cases were schizencephaly. (2) Most patients with malformations of cortical organization suffered from epilepsy.Conclusion Malformations of cortical organization were recognized as the important causes of developmental delay and epilepsy and should be paid more attentions to them.

Objective To study the relationship between MRI and clinical profiles of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) in children Methods The clinical and MRI findings in 34 cases with PVL were retrospectively analyzed Results (1) Periventricular hyperintensity on T 2WI was more prominent in the preterm group than that in the term group, and P value was 0 000; (2) Cortical lesion and subcortical leukomalacia was seen in 9 of 19 cases in the children with PVL born at term, but detected in only 1/15 in the preterm group P value was 0 020; (3)Seizure was common in term children P value was 0 036; (4) The degree of reduction of periventricular white matter correlated with motor impairment and mental retardation in all children, and P values were 0 002 and 0 000, respectively The thinning of the corpus callosum also correlated with mental retardation and P value was 0 012 The degree of reduction of periventricular white matter correlated with visual impairment in preterm group Conclusion The end stage PVL can been clearly displayed by MRI, and gestational age and clinical manifestation were closely related to the findings of MRI

It is held by some of the researches that the "16 collaterals" is composed of the "15 collaterals" and "the major collateral of stomach". And it is included into the textbook that Xuli, the major collateral of stomach, is the pulsation point at the cardiac region. Xuli is often explained as the empty portion of the human body by many researches. Through analysis and summarization of the related theory of the major collateral of stomach, the above mentioned opinion is discussed. And the understanding on the major collateral of stomach is deepened. As a result, it is concluded that count the major collateral of stomach into the 16 collaterals together with the 15 collaterals is inadvisable. The real pulsation point at the cardiac region locates under the left breast. And the real meaning of Xuli is "extending in all directions".
Acupuncture ; history ; China ; Collateral Circulation ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Meridians ; Stomach ; blood supply

Objective To investigate the characteristic and its clinical value of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and its receptor, interleukin (IL)-1β and its receptor in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and to determine the role of them in the immunopathogenesis of tuberculosis. Methods The concentrations of TNF-α,soluble TNF receptor (sTNF-R) Ⅰ, IL-1β and IL-1 receptor were measured using sandwish ABC-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method in serum and BALF of 46 patients with active tuberculosis and 21 patients with inactive tuberculosis, and in the serum of 20 cases of healthy control. Meanwhile the above-mentioned cytokine levels in serum and BALF of 19 patients with active tuberculosis were followed up. Differences between groups were assessed for significance by t test. Results The TNF-α,sTNF-R Ⅰ, IL-1β and IL-1 receptor levels and TNF-α/sTNF-R Ⅰ ratios in BALF of active tuberculosis group were (286.2±96.3) pg/L,(2 431.5±1 124.6) pg/L,(58.6±3.2) pg/L,(162.4±17.1) pg/L and 0.06±0.01, respectively, which were all significantly higher than those with inactive tuberculosis group (t=3.36,3.25,2.95,2.27 and 3.12 respectively; P<0.05). The TNF-α,sTNF-R Ⅰ,IL-1β and IL-1 receptor levels and TNF-α/sTNF-R Ⅰ ratios in BALF of cavernous tuberculosis group were (381.4±106.4) pg/L,(2 824.7±1 318.5) pg/L,(66.4±4.6) pg/L,(176.4±18.7) pg/L and 0.07±0.01, respectively,which were all significantly higher than those of non-cavernous tuberculosis group (t= 3.46,2.37, 3.19, 2.99 and 3.22, respectively; P<0.05). After 2-month' antituberculosis treatments, among 19 cases, the TNF-α,sTNF-R Ⅰ,IL-1β and IL-1 receptor levels and TNF-α/sTNF-R Ⅰ ratios in BALF of 16 cases were significantly lower than those at the beginning of treatments (t= 3.26,3.17, 3.28, 2.92 and 3.12 respectively; P<0.01). Meanwhile, their clinical symptoms improved, sputum smear negative, lesions on chest X-ray resolved and the cavity shrinked or closed. Conclusions TNF-α, sTNF-R Ⅰ, IL-1β and IL-1 receptor are likely to be involved in the immunopathogenesis of tuberculosis. Detection of TNF-α, sTNF-R Ⅰ, IL-1β and IL-1 receptor levels in the serum and BALF is helpful to understand the activity of disease, determine the clinical pattern of disease,assess the prognosis of disease and monitor the therapeutic effect in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

BACKGROUND:Human umbilical cord blood (CB)-derived CD133+ cells are a minority population of primitive cells with extensive proliferation and differentiation potentials,which are considered to have ability of neural differentiation.OBJECTIVE:We hypothesized a possible application of CB CD133+ cells in the cognitive and survival function of mice with dementia,the present study observed the changes of the cognitive function and survival of amyloid precursor protein(APP)transgenic mice after CB CD 133+ cells transplantation to verify the above assumption.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A completely randomized block design of animal experiments was performed in the Hematology Institute of Tianjin Hematology Hospital from September 2005 to December 2007.MATERIALS:Forty-eight eight-month-old male APP 695 transgenic C57BL/6 (BDF1/KM) mice were selected in this experiments All mice were divided randomly into three groups:control group (n=8),CD133+ transplantation group (n=20) and CD133 transplantation group (n=20).METHODS:Mice in control groups received an intraventricular injection of 10 μL phosphate buffered saline (PBS).The transgenic mice that received an intraventricular injection of 10 μL CD133+ (5×104/μL) and CD133 CB cells (5×104/μL) respectively.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Radial ann water maze (RAWM) was used to evaluate cognitive function of the mice and the survival days of mice in different groups were recorded,lmmunohistochemical assessments and Dil Fluorescence labeled way was used to detect the differentiation phenotype of transplanted cells.RESULTS:The cognitive function of the mice in CD133+ transplantation group was significantly improved compared with the mice in CD 133- transplantation and control groups both 30 and 180 days after transplantation (P＜0.05).The mean survival time of the mice in CD133+ transplantation group was significantly increased compared with CD133 transplantin group and control group (P＜0.05).It was observed that the transplantation CB CD133+ cells labeled with Dil migrated into several brain regions at day 30 post-transplantation.These cells were stained for human βⅢ-tubulin,neuralfilement(NF),neuron specific enolase (NSE),and glial fibriliary acidic protein(GFAP).However,in the brain of mice that received CD133 cells transplantation,CB cells were distributed mainly in and around the lateral ventricle at day 30 and 180 post-transplantation and GFAP-,βⅢ-tubulin- and NSE-positive cells were rarely detected.After intraventricular transplantation of CB CD133+ cells,the percentage of transplanted Dil-labeled CB cells expressing βⅢ-tubulin was significant higher at day 30 than at day 180,and the percentage of CB cells expressing NSE was significant lower at day 30 than that at day 180 (both P＜0.01).The percentage of CB cells expressing GFAP was relatively constant between the days 30 and 180 after transplantation (P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:The result of this experiment suggested that the cognitive and survival function improvement achieved by transplantation of CB CD133+ cells is mainly due to a replacement of dysfunctional cells or augmentation of neural circuit by CB CD133+ cells transplantation.