Objective To investigate the expression and function of aquaporin-4(AQP4) in the olfactory system of mice. Methods The differences of AQP4 expression in olfaction system between wild-type and AQP4-null mice were studied by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence methods. The differences of mouse olfactory functions in the two groups were examined by two olfactory behavioral assays: the busied food pellet test and olfaction maze test, and the odorant-stimulated electroolfactogram (EOG) recording. Results The results of immunoblotting and immunofluorescence showed no AQP4 expression in the olfactory system in AQP4-null mice. Immunofluorescence result also indicated that AQP4 was mainly distributed in the membrane of support cells, duct cells of Bowmann's gland, basal cells of olfactory epithelium, membrane of Bowmann's gland epithelial cells, olfactory sheath cells surrounding the olfactory bundles, and the membrane of cells in the olfactory bundle layer and glomeruler layer. The results of olfactory behavioral assay were significantly different between the two groups at all time points tested in both the olfaction maze test and the buried food pellet test (P<0.05). It was showed that the EOGs under different pressures of saturated trimethylamine had a similar shape in both groups, and the amplitude of EOGs increased with the increase of pressure. While under the same pressure, the EOG amplitude of AQP4-null mice was significantly lower than that of wild-type mice(P<0.05). Conclusion AQP4 is widely distributed in the olfactory system of mice, including the olfactory mucosa, olfactory nerve, and olfactory bulb, which can protect the olfactory neural bundle and facilitate neural signal transfer.

An investigation and analysis on the effect of current bilingual teaching has been done among the 2002rd seven-year program students by using questionnaire.The result can provide basic foundation for improving the quality of bilingual teaching.

Head and Neck Neoplasms ; therapy ; Humans ; Palliative Care

Genetic Therapy ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; therapy ; Humans

Humans ; Thyroid Diseases ; diagnosis ; surgery

Objective To investigate the prevalence and distribution of metabolic syndrome in the middle-aged and elderly community population of Beijing. Methods The medical check-up data in 2335 middle-aged and elderly persons, who were sampled randomly from the 136 communities in Beijing, were acquired and analyzed. Results The incidences of the middle-aged and elderly people with metabolic syndrome (MS), obesity, essential hypertension, glucose metabolic disorder, hyper triglyceridemia 28.7%, 40.2%, 56.7%, 64.1%, and 38%, respectively. In the groups of old and very old persons, the respective incidence of MS, blood sugar disorder, and essential hypertension was higher, and obesity and hyper glyceridemia were significantly lower than that of middle-aged group. Conclusion The incidence of MS is very high in the middle aged and elderly community population of Beijing. The incidence of MS and its components in the middle aged people are different from that of elderly population.

Objective To determine whether isometric handgrip exercise can increase collateral flow to the ischemic myocardium in acute coronary occlusion patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods Sixty-five patients with one-vessel CAD were randomly assigned to either an isometric exercise (IME) group or no-exercise (NE) group.Patients in the IME group performed isometric handgrip exercises (50％ of the maximum voluntary contraction) during 1 min of coronary balloon occlusion.Patients in the NE group remained sedentary during the procedure.The collateral flow index (CFI),heart rare (HR),systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were determined prior to and at the end of 1 min of coronary occlusion.Results In the IME group the average CFI improved significantly more during the occlusion than in the NE group.The differences in HR,SBP and DBP were also significantly grcatcr in the CFI group than in the NE group controls.Conclusion Isometric exercise can induce significantly increased coronary collateral flow in CAD patients during acute vessel occlusion.

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological features ,diagnosis and differential diagnosis of primary leiomyo‐sarcoma of the thyroid gland .Methods The pathological characteristics and immunohistochemical features in a case of primary leio‐myosarcoma of the thyroid gland were analyzed and the relevant literatures were reviewed .Results Grossly ,the mass measured 5 .5 cm × 4 .0 cm × 3 .5 cm ,gray and yellow in cut surface and partial hard quality .Histologically ,the tumor was composed of spin‐dle cells ,arranging in bundles with obvious dysplasia ,nuclear mitosis was easily found .The tumor infiltrated thyroid follicles and in‐vaded surrounding tissues .The immunohistochemical study showed that Vimentin ,SMA ,Caldesmon and Actin were positive ,and CK ,CK8 ,EMA ,TTF‐1 ,P53 and LCA were negative .Conclusion Primary leiomyosarcoma of thyroid gland is extremely rare ,its diagnosis should be combined with clinical and imageologic data ,histological characteristics and immunohistochemistry .

Amino Acids ; metabolism ; Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Electrophysiological Phenomena ; Glutamates ; metabolism ; Male ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; metabolism ; Pain ; physiopathology ; Pain Threshold ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; metabolism

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; surgery ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; surgery ; Humans ; Nose Neoplasms ; surgery ; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures