Background In the past few decades,the balance of Th1/Th2 is often used to explain the immune mechanisms of fungal infection and fungal disease.More recently,a novel subset of CD4+ effector Th cells has been found to participate in anti-fungal infection response.However,whether Th17 is involved in the immune response in fungal keratitis is unclear up to now.Objective Present study was to investigate the expression change of Th17 type cytokine and its specific transcription factor,retinoid-related orphan nuclear receptor gamma t (RORγt),in the cornea of Fusarium solani keratitis.Methods Ninety-six clean BALB/c mice were divided into Fusarium solani keratitis model group and control group by randomized digital table.Fusarium solani keratitis models were established by epikeratophakia-assisted corneal epithelial erasion and interlayerly injection of 5 μl (1 × 106 CFU/ml) Fusarium solani solution in the right eyes,and the equal volume of PBS was injected in the same way in the control group.10％ KOH wet film was used to examine the fungal hyphea and funga strain was identified by inoculation.The corneas were examined under the slit lamp microscope 1 day,3,5,7 days after modeling and the inflammatory response was scored based on the criteria of Wu and Hu.The histopathological examination of corneas was performed in the time points above.Real time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression levels of interleukin-17 (IL-17) mRNA and RORγt mRNA in the corneas.The expression of IL-17 protein in the corneas was detected by ELISA.The use and raise of the mice followed the Statement of Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology.Results The inflammatory scores were 3.2±0.8,6.6± 1.1,9.4± 1.1 and 6.8±0.8 in 1 day,3,5,7 days after modeling,showing a significant difference among them (F =89.786,P =0.010).The inflammatory scores were higher in the third and seventh day than that in the first day (P＜0.05),but they were significantly lower than that in the fifth day (P＜0.05).The infiltration of inflammatory cells showed a coincident tendency with the score.The expressing levels of IL-17 mRNA (2-ΔΔCt) in the corneas were 4.12±0.73,20.72±1.81 and 14.16±1.88 in 3,5,7 days after modeling,with statistically significant differences in comparison with those in the control group (P＜0.01),and the expression level was significantly higher in the fifth day than those in the first,third and seventh day in the model group(P＜0.01).The expression levels of IL-17 protein (ng/g) were significantly increased 1 day,3,5,7 days in the model group compared with the control group (P＜0.01).A similar change was found in the expression of RORγt mRNA to that of IL-17 mRNA.Conclusions Expressions of IL-17 and its transcription factor RORγt upregulate in the fungal keratitis and has an association with inflammatory degree,which suggests that Th17 subset may play an important role in the immune responses of fungal keratitis.

Objective To study the relationship between salt consumption and hypertension in Chinese people,and provide basic information for developing intervention strategies.Method The data of 45 349 chinese residents aged 15 yrs and above from 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey was used.Results The hypertension prevalence was 18.2%.The prevalence of residents with high blood pressure value was 36.0%,which was 20.4% and 16.2% among men and women,respectively. Hypertension prevalence among people living in urban was higher than their counterparts living in rural.The prevalence of hypertension increased with salt consumption.As compared to people who consumed less than 6 g salt per day,after relative confounding factors adjusted,the prevalence ratio was 1.09,1.14 and 1.28 times,respectively,among people who averagely consumed 6～12 g,12218 g,and≥18 g salt per day,which was 1.13,1.11 and 1.30 times,respectively,among employment population.Conclusion The hypertension prevalence of chinese residents is quite high.There is significant relationship between salt consumption and hypertension.It is very important to strengthen the health education for preventing and controlling hypertension in Chinese residents.

0.05).The adverse effect of treatment group was significantly less than control group(P

It designs a way that can easily screen high-pyruvate-producing strain.It is a intelligently selected method which can highly improve the efficiency of strain screening.The principle can be described as the following:On the CaCO-3 medium,a transparent ring can be exhibited based on the reaction of PYR produced by the strain and CaCO-3 in the medium for pyruvate-calcium is a kind of soluble substance,it is obviously that the high-pyruvate-producing strain has a bigger dimension of the transparent ring.On the other hand,color reaction between TTC and ADH indicate the enzyme activities which have a proportional relation with color,our object strain is a weak-ADH-enzyme-activities type with a weak metabolic flux from PYR to alcohol.So the white color strain may be the right choice.

To set standards for histomorphological studies on Lysimachia fortunei, an efficacious and widely applied folk medicine in this study, in order to develop its resources. Its species were identified by observing plant morphology and herbs appearance characters, preparing slices with routine methods and defining structural characters. According to the results of morphologic observation, leaves, stamen and pistil of this plant were different from the descriptions in Flora of China. The whole herb can be used in medicines, mainly including rhizomes, stems and leaves. According to the findings in the first study on microscopic structures, its rhizomes, stems and leaves were characteristic and worth identifying. The transaction tissue structures of rhizomes and stems were under developed and contained endodermis, secretory structures; Stems had sclerenchymata of different shapes of sclereids; Leaves were bifacial and had vascular bundles under midribs, which were surrounded by parenchymal sheathes. On the surface of leaves, stomata, glandular hairs and keratin lines were morphologically different in upper and lower epidermis. The herbal power had glandular hairs, sclereids and vessels. In conclusion, herbs of L. fortunei can be identified by the above histomorphological characteristics, which lays a foundation for further development and application of L. fortunei.
Medicine, Traditional ; Plant Leaves ; anatomy & histology ; growth & development ; Plant Stems ; anatomy & histology ; growth & development ; Plants, Medicinal ; anatomy & histology ; growth & development ; Primulaceae ; anatomy & histology ; growth & development

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of diacerhein in the treatment of patients with knee osteoarthritis.Methods The efficacy and safety of diacerhein was randomly investigated in 42 pa- tients with knee osteoarthritis using parallel group methodology and a double-dummy technique to ensure dou- ble blind status with respect to diacerhein and control drugs diclofenac.Results Significant changes were ob- served in 20 meters walk pain,knee joint tenderness scale,WOMAC index scale,5F-36 health survey,knee joint swelling scale,compared with baseline(P＞0.05)in both diacerhein and diclofenac group respectively.No difference was found between diacerhein group and diclofenae group.The patient global assessment and physi- cian's global assessment were similar in diacerhein group and diclofenac group(P＞0.05).The side effect was similar in two groups.All of these side effects in gastrointestinal tract appeared to be transient.Conclusion Diacerhein can effectively relieve pain and swelling of knee osteoarthritis,and provides us a new effective and safe approach for treating knee osteoarthritis.

Objective To investigate the effects of television-watching and computer-using on sleep/wake patterns, sleep duration and sleep problems of school-aged children in Shanghai. Methods A total of 4 108 school-aged children from 10 primary schools of Shanghai were enrolled by multi-stage cluster sampling and surveyed by questionnaires. The information of television-watching and computer-using, family and personal condition was investigated by self-prepared questionnaire, and the Chinese version of Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire was employed to survey the sleep behaviors of children. The effects of television-watching and computer-using on sleep/wake patterns, sleep duration and sleep problems were analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis and Logistic regression analysis. Results The percentage of children who watched television≥2 h per day was 4.1% during weekdays, and that came to 49.2% during weekends. In terms of frequency of computer-using, most children reported "rarely" (88.2%, 0-1 time/week), followed by "often" (11.0%, 2-4 times/ week) and "usually" (0.8%, 5-7 times/week). With the age increase, the percentages of children who watched television≥2 h per day and those who "often" used computer gradually increased. It was revealed by multiple linear regression analysis and Logistic regression analysis that television-watching and computer-using were not only positively correlated with later bedtime, later wake time and shorter sleep duration but also significantly associated with sleep problems such as bedtime resistance, sleep onset delay, sleep duration disorder, sleep anxiety and parasomnia. Conclusion Television-watching and computer-using exert influences on sleep behaviors of sleep/wake patterns, sleep duration and sleep problems. Concerns about the potential negative effects of television-watching and computer-using on sleep behaviors may help to promote healthy sleep patterns and improve sleep quality.

Background Normal adult optic disc rim width follows inferior ≥ superior ≥ nasal ≥ temporal (ISNT) rule.Analysis of the optic disc structural parameters with Heidelberg retina tomograph (HRT) can understand whether ISNT principle is suitable to other optic disc structure parameters.Objective This study was to investigate the characteristics of optic nerve head structure parameters in normal Chinese adults.Methods The parents of twins who participated Guangzhou Twin Eye Study were enrolled in Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center from 2006 June to 2011 August.All subjects received the routine eye examinations,including visual acuity,slit lamp microscope,direct ophthalmoscope examination,auto-refraction examination and HRT Ⅲ examination.All data from the right eyes were collected and analyzed.HRT values from different quadrants of optical nerve head were compared with one-way analysis of variance,and the multiple comparison between quadrants was carried out by Bonferroni test.The differences of optical nerve head parameters in different gender were analyzed using independent sample t test and Bland-Altman test.Results In this study,1672 eyes of 1672 subjects were included,with the 759 male and 913 female persons and average age of (41.8±5.3)years.No significant differences were seen in the disc area (DA)between the superior and inferior,as well as the nasal and temporal quadrants among the subjects (P＞0.05).In addition,there were not significantly different in the rim area (RA) between the superior and nasal disc as well as the rim volume (RV) among the inferior,superior and nasal disc (P＞O.05).However,significant differences were found in the cup area (CA),cup/disk area ratio (C/DAR),cup volume (CV),mean cupdepth (MCD),maximum cup depth (MxCD),height variation contour (HVC),cup shape measure (CSM),mean retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (mRNFLT) and retinal nerve fiber layer cross section area (RNFLcsa) among the different quadrants (P＜0.001).The local differences from only DA and RA complied with an ordination of the ISNT rule.The values of DA,CA,C/DAR,CV,MCD,MxCD from male individuals were higher,but those of the RV,HVC,mRNFLT RNFLcsa were lower in comparison with female individuals.Nevertheless,all the differences were ＜ 0.1 with a maximal mean difference in DA and CA (both 0.07 mm2).Conclusions The optical nerve head configurations measured by HRT have different distributing characteristics in four quadrants in normal adults.Most parameters show the higher values in the inferior and superior than those in nasal and temporal of disc,but DA and RA meet ISNT rule.The differences of most parameters between male and female subjects can be ignored.

Background Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph (HRT) has been widely used in clinical diagnosis of glaucomatous optic neuropathy,importantly,the measurement results of HRT may be affected by myopia.Therefore,studying the effect of different refractive status and axial length on structural parameters of the optic disc is important.Objective This study was to evaluate the influence of refractive error and axial length to optic nerve head parameter measured by HRT.Methods The parents who participate in Guangzhou Twin Study were enrolled in this investigation from July 2006 to August 2011.The regular eye examinations,including visual acuity,slit lamp,fundus,auto-refraction,HRT-Ⅲ and intraocular lens (IOL) Master,were performed on all the subjects.Thc data from right eyes of subjects were collected and analyzed.The linear correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were applied to analyze the correlation between HRT optic papilla configuration parameter and equivalent sphere and ocular axis length.Results A pilot prospective series cases observational study was designed.1748subjects were enrolled in this study.The disc area (DA) (P=0.021),rim area (RA) (P＜0.001),rim volume (RV) (P＜0.001),mean retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (mRNFLt) (P＜0.001) and retinal nerve fiber layer cross section area (RNFLcsa) in the high myopia were greater than those of the emmetropic group,with significant difference between the two groups (P＜0.001).However,the cup area (CA),cup/disk area ratio (C/DAR) and cup volume (CV) were less in the high myopic group than those of the emmetropic group (P=0.004,P＜0.001 and P＜O.001),respectively.In the mild-moderatc myopic group,the RV,mRNFLt and RNFLcsa were greater than those of the emmetropic group (all of the P value less than 0.001),but the numbers of DA,CA,C/DAR,and CV were less than those of the emmetropic group,the differences were significant and their P valuables were 0.038,＜ 0.001,＜0.001 and 0.001 respectively.The differences of structure parameters between the hyperopia group and the emmetropic group were not statistically significant (P＞0.05).The DA,CA,RA,C/DAR,CV,RV,mean cup depth (MCD),maximum cup depth (MxCD),cup shape measure (CSM),mRNFLt and RNTLcsa were (2.04±0.43) mm2,(0.49±0.34) mm2,(1.55 ± 0.34) mm2,0.23-0.13,(0.11 ± 0.12) mm3,(0.45 ± 0.19) mm3,(0.21 ± 0.09) mm,(0.60±0.21) mm,-0.21 ± 0.07,(0.29 ± 0.07) mm and (1.46 ± 0.36)mm2,respectively,in the 1748 eyes of 1748 subjects.No significant correlation was found between the DA value with SE (r=-0.032,P =0.186).However,weaker positive correlations were seen between the CA,C/DAR,CV,MCD,MxCD with SE (r=0.139,0.163,0.130,0.004,0.054,P＜ 0.05) and negative correlation between RA,RV,mRNFLt and RNFLcsa with SE (r =-0.178,-0.331,0.241,-0.239,P＜0.001).With the increase of the ocular axial length,the DA,RA,RV,mRNFLt and RNFLcsa values were enlarged,and the CV value was smaller.With the increase of CA,the RA,C/DAR,CV,RV,MCD,MxCD,CSM and RNFLcsa values elevated,but mRNFLt value was decreased.Conclusions Refractive error is not associated with DA,but the measuring results are different among various refractive groups.Refractive error,ocular axial length and DA affect the measuring result of HRT.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Adrenalectomy ; Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Follow-Up Studies ; Ganglioneuroblastoma ; pathology ; Hematopoiesis, Extramedullary ; Hodgkin Disease ; pathology ; Humans ; Leukemia ; pathology ; Male