Objective To estimate the life expectancy of persons with physical disabilities in China based on data related to representative national disability.Methods Life table technique was used to estimate the life expectancy and its standard error by various characteristics on the basis of average mortality rates from the monitoring cases during 2007-2010.Results (1)Females were expected to live longer than males.The life expectancy at birth for females was 63 years with standard error(SE)=2.6 while for males it was 55 years(SE=3.1).(2)Persons aged 35-50 in urban areas had higher life expectancy than those in rural areas.(3)Life expectancy of persons with mild disability [62.5 years(SE=2.4)] was higher than that of persons with severe disability[42 years(SE=5.4)].(4)Life expectancies of persons with physical disability were much lower than that of the Chinese general population.Gaps of male and female life expectancy at birth were 17.1 years and 12.7 years,respectively.Conclusion Persons with physical disability had higher mortality and actions should be taken to improve their life expectancy,accordingly.

Salivary gland (SG) dysfunction, due to radiotherapy, disease, or aging, is a clinical manifestation that has the potential to cause severe oral and/or systemic diseases and compromise quality of life. Currently, the standard-of-care for this condition remains palliative. A variety of approaches have been employed to restore saliva production, but they have largely failed due to damage to both secretory cells and the extracellular matrix (niche). Transplantation of allogeneic cells from healthy donors has been suggested as a potential solution, but no definitive population of SG stem cells, capable of regenerating the gland, has been identified. Alternatively, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are abundant, well characterized, and during SG development/homeostasis engage in signaling crosstalk with the SG epithelium. Further, the trans-differentiation potential of these cells and their ability to regenerate SG tissues have been demonstrated. However, recent findings suggest that the "immuno-privileged" status of allogeneic adult MSCs may not reflect their status post-transplantation. In contrast, autologous MSCs can be recovered from healthy tissues and do not present a challenge to the recipient's immune system. With recent advances in our ability to expand MSCs in vitro on tissue-specific matrices, autologous MSCs may offer a new therapeutic paradigm for restoration of SG function.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells ; Quality of Life ; Regeneration ; Salivary Glands ; Stem Cells

AIM:To investigate the expression of IFN-γ,IL-4 and IL-17A in asthmatic mice vaccinated with bacillus Calmette-Guérin(BCG)and hepatitis B(HepB)in the neonatal period.METHODS: BALB/c mice were ran-domly divided into BGG+HepB+ovalbumin(OVA)group(B/H/O group),B/O group,H/O group,B/H group,OVA group,BCG group,HepB group and normal saline(NS)group(n=6).The mice in B/H/O group and B/H group at 0, 7 and 14 d received subcutaneous injection of 1×105CFU BCG for 3 times,while at 0 and 28 d received intramuscular in-jection of 1.5 μg HepB on the hindlimb twice.The mice in other groups were individually vaccinated with BCG or HepB. OVA sensitization and aerosol inhalation were performed to establish the asthma model.The lung tissues were collected for HE staining.Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)and peripheral blood(PB)were collected,and the number of eosino-phils(EOS)in BALF was counted.The serum levels of IFN-γand IL-4,and the level of IL-17A in lung tissue homoge-nate were measured by ELISA.RESULTS: The pathological changes of the lung in OVA group, B/O group, B/H/O group and H/O group were observed.There were extensive inflammatory cell infiltration around the bronchus,and epithe-lial cell hypertrophy.Those in B/H/O group and H/O group were worse than those in OVA group, while those in B/O group was better than those in OVA group.Total BALF cell counts in B/H/O group,B/O group and H/O group were de-creased(P<0.05)as compared with OVA group.The BALF EOS count in B/H/O group was higher than that in B/H group,that in B/O group was higher than that in BCG group,and that in H/O group was higher than that in HepB groups (P<0.05).Compared with H/O group, OVA group and NS group, the serum IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio in HepB group was in-creased(P<0.05),and compared with B/H/O group,B/O group,OVA group and NS group,that in B/H group was al-so increased(P<0.05).Compared with OVA group, the level of IL-17A in the lung tissues of B/H/O group and B/O group was decreased(P <0.05), and compared with B/O group, that in B/H/O group was further decreased(P <0.05).CONCLUSION:Combined vaccination of BCG and HepB reduces the inflammotory responses in the lung tissues of asthmatic mice.The mechanism may be related with the decrease in the release of IL-4, the increase in IFN-γ/IL-4, and the inhibition of IL-17A expression.

A liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of budesonide in dog plasma. Budesonide and the internal standard triamcinolone acetonide were separated from plasma by alkalinized liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Capcell Pak C18 MG column with the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile -5 mmol x L(-1) ammonium acetate (60:40, v/v) at a flow-rate of 0.50 mL x min(-1). A tandem mass spectrometer equipped with electrospray ionization source was used as detector and operated in the negative ion mode. Quantification was performed using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of the transitions m/z 489 --> m/z 357 and m/z 493 --> m/z 413 for budesonide and the internal standard, respectively. The linear calibration curves were obtained in the concentration range of 25.0-2000 pg x mL(-1). The lower limit of quantification was 25.0 pg x mL(-1). The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviation over the entire concentration range was less than 15%. The accuracy was in the range of -8.1% to -1.7% in terms of relative error. The method was applied to a pharmacokinetic study of budesonide controlled-release capsules in Beagle dogs. Maximal budesonide plasma level was observed after (3.5 +/- 3.3) h and the Cmax was (786 +/- 498) pg x mL(-1) after a single oral administration of 9 mg budesonide capsules, Cmax was increased to (2142 +/- 1515) pg x mL(-1) after multiple oral administration (9 mg x 5 d) of budesonide capsules. This method was selective and rapid, and the sensitivity was sufficient for the purpose of the pharmacokinetic study of budesonide controlled-release formulation.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Area Under Curve ; Budesonide ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, Liquid ; methods ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Dogs ; Male ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; methods

OBJECTIVETo bring forward a method to improve the prominence of the forehead contour.

METHODS16 patients(age 29-53 years, female 11, male 5) were treated through a bicoronal incision. Following the incision, the forehead soft tissues are reflected down to the level of the superior orbital rims with the protection to the supraorbital neurovascular bundles. To adjust the forehead contour, both superior orbital rims and frontal bossing was reduced by burring down the excess bone or removing the anterior wall of the forehead.

RESULTSThe operative effect were satisfactory during 3-12 months of follow-up. No recurrence or osteogenesis were found in the cases. Nasofrontal angle and forehead angle were normal. The prominence of the supraorbital ridges disappeared and forehead became nature.

CONCLUSIONCranioplasty via an osteomy or burring of the outer line of forehead bone are safe, compact and effective way to improve the prominence of the superior orbital rims or frontal bossing.

Adult ; Female ; Forehead ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effect and mechanism of curcumin derivatives B06 on myocardium from type 2 diabetic rats.

METHODSThirty-five male SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, normal control group (NC group), high fat group (HF group), high fat treatment group (FT group), diabetes mellitus group (DM group) and diabetes treatment group (DT group) (n = 7). The late four groups were fed with high fat food, after four weeks of high fat feeding, the rats from DM group and DT group were injected with low dosage of streptozocin intraperitoneally to induce diabetes mellitus, FT group and DT group were gavaged with curcumin derivatives B06 at the dosage of 0.2 mg/kg x d. The blood glucose and lipid were detected biochemically, blood insulin was assayed by ELISA and the insulin resistance index was calculated, the morphology of myocardium was observed by light and transmission electron microscopy, the protein expression of AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKalpha) and phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (p-AMPKalpha) in myocardium were tested by Western blot.

RESULTSThe level of blood glucose, lipid, insulin and the insulin resistance index were increased in HF group and DM group, but they were decreased after the treatment with B06. The expression of AMPKalpha and p-AMPKalpha were decreased, but they became increased after the treatment of B06. There were increased collagen fibers in interstitium and expansion of mitochondria in cytoplasm of myocardium from DM group, but they were ameliorated in B06 treatment group.

CONCLUSIONIt is suggested that B06 may relieve the damage of myocardium from type 2 diabetic rats and the increased expression of AMPKalpha and p-AMPKalpha may be involved in it.

AMP-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Curcumin ; pharmacology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; physiopathology ; Heart ; drug effects ; Insulin Resistance ; Male ; Myocardium ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Streptozocin

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of mechanical ventilation on pulmonary function during short duration of general anesthesia with tracheal intubation, and assess the safety of controlled spontaneous respiration during general anesthesia.

METHODSFifty-three adult patients (aged 18-55 years, ASA physical status I-II) scheduled for elective unilateral tympanoplasty were randomly assigned into mechanical ventilation group (group M, n=28) and spontaneous respiration group (group S, n=25). Anesthesia induction was performed in group M with intravenous propofol (2 mg/kg), fentanyl (3 microg

RESULTSA total of 43 patients (group M, n=23; group S, n=20) were included in the study with 10 dropouts due to failed attempt to obtain arterial blood samples (8 patients) or severe bucking during intubation (2 patients). No significant differences were found in HR and MAP between the two groups (P>0.05). The pH and SpO(2) [ (97.9-/+1.00)% at the lowest] and PaO(2) in group S were significantly lower and the PaCO(2) was higher than those in group M (P<0.05). In group S, the pH values were 7.274-/+0.025 and 7.331-/+0.039, PaCO(2) values were 60-/+6 and 53-/+5 mmHg, and PETCO(2) values were 53-/+ 6 and 48-/+7 mmHg, and the PaO(2) values were 143-/+37 and 165-/+49 mmHg immediately and 150 min after the intubation, respectively. These values were considered safe under the concept of permissive hypercapnia. No significant differences were found in the P(A-a)DO(2), RI, VD/VT and TFC between or within the two groups (P>0.05), nor were moving, bucking, swallowing and awareness recorded during the surgical procedures.

CONCLUSIONIn essentially normal lungs, short-term mechanical ventilation during general anesthesia with tracheal intubation does not damage the lung functions, and spontaneous respiration can offer sufficient oxygen supply without causing harmful carbon dioxide retention.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Anesthesia, General ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Lung ; physiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Respiration ; Respiration, Artificial ; methods ; Tympanoplasty ; methods ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study surgical management for patients with femoral pseudoaneurysm resulting from addictive drug injection.

METHODSClinical data of 34 patients with femoral pseudoaneurysm resulting from addictive drug injection were retrospectively reviewed.

RESULTSThirteen patients underwent bypass graft (end to side) of external iliac artery and superficial femoral artery using expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE). Three patients who had an autogenous saphenous vein graft in situs, one of whom was then performed an ePTFE graft when rupture and bleeding occurred at the anastomotic site. Color Doppler image showed patent grafted blood vessels in all the patients after operation. Eighteen patients had their femoral arteries ligated. Limbs of all the 34 patients were saved.

CONCLUSIONSLigating femoral artery is an effective way to treat femoral artery pseudoaneurysm if autogenous saphenous vein graft or artificial vessel graft is not applicable.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aneurysm, False ; etiology ; surgery ; Female ; Femoral Artery ; injuries ; Humans ; Male ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous ; complications ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo evaluate reimplantation of devitalized autogenous calvarial bone flaps and the fixation of titanium clamps (CranioFix) for cranioplasty.

METHODSFrom March 2000 to December 2003, 21 patients underwent (1) delayed reimplantation of preserved autogenous bone flaps, which were removed during the initial operations for increased intracranial pressure and stored in a freezer and autoclaved before use, or (2) immediate reimplantation of tumor invaded bone flaps that were devitalized by boiling. All of these flaps were fixed with titanium clamps (CranioFix). Resorption of the bone flaps was monitored by skull roentgenograms and computed tomography (CT). The clinical and aesthetic results were evaluated.

RESULTSDuring the follow-up period of 6 to 30 months, no complications were found. There was slight resorption of the bone flaps in all cases, but the edge of the bone flaps was within the range of the titanium clamps according to skull roentgenograms and CT. Clinical and aesthetic results were highly satisfactory.

CONCLUSIONSIt is simple and practical using devitalized autogenous calvarial bone flaps for cranioplasty. The firmness decreasing of the reimplanted bone flap due to resorption can be prevented greatly by titanium clamps (CranioFix).

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Transplantation ; methods ; Craniotomy ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Skull ; surgery ; Surgical Flaps ; Titanium ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDAccurate evaluation of response following chemotherapy treatment is essential for surgical decision making in patients with breast cancer. Modalities that have been used to monitor response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) include physical examination (PE), ultrasound (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of PE, US, and MRI in predicting the response to NAC in patients with breast cancer.

METHODSAccording to the response evaluation criteria in solid tumors guidelines, the largest unidimensional measurement of the tumor diameter evaluated by PE, US, and MRI before and after NAC was classified into four grades, including clinical complete response, clinical partial response, clinical progressive disease, clinical stable disease, and compared with the final histopathological examination.

RESULTSOf the 64 patients who received NAC, the pathologic complete response (pCR) was shown in 13 of 64 patients (20%). The sensitivity of PE, US, and MRI in predicting the major pathologic response was 73%, 75%, and 80%, respectively, and the specificity was 45%, 50%, and 50% respectively. For predicting a pCR, the sensitivity of PE, US, and MRI was 46%, 46%, and 39%, respectively, and the specificity was 65%, 98%, and 92% respectively.

CONCLUSIONSCompared with final pathologic findings, all these three clinical and imaging modalities tended to obviously underestimate the pCR rate. A more appropriate, universal, and practical standard by clinical and imaging modalities in predicting the response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in vivo is essential.

Adult ; Aged ; Breast Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Physical Examination ; Ultrasonography