The new generation cyclooxygenase (COX-2) inhibitor could reduce the gastrointestinal side effect of NSAID drugs, but eventually increase the cardiovascular risk, because its selective inhibition of COX-2 induces the imbalance between PGI2 and TXA2 and the reduction of vasodilatory NO. Under pathological conditions, active oxygen species (O2-*2, etc) were used to induce endo- thelial dysfunction, activate NF-κB to induce expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α, increase ET-1, TXA2 with vasoconstrictor effect, reduce PGI2 and NO with vasodilatory effect, generate further oxidative damage together with NO, and reduce the bioavailability of NO. NO-NSAIDs and NO-Coxibs drugs raised the level of NO by introducing NO-donor (ONO2). NSAIDs drugs enhanced the anti-inflammatory activity of COX-2 and reduced gastrointestinal side effects by inhibiting selectively COX-2. If antioxidant structures with active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines were introduced to improve the antioxidant activity of NSAIDs, they could scavenge the active oxygen species to protect the normal function of vascular endothelia and enhance the bioavailability of NO, which is conducive to enhance the cardiovascular safety of cyclooxygenase (COX-2) inhibitor.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; therapeutic use ; Biomarkers, Pharmacological ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; immunology ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; immunology ; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; NF-kappa B ; immunology ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; immunology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; immunology

Objective To explore the mastery of relevant knowledge and skills for autism rehabilitation teachers in Beijing private rehabilitation agencies. Methods 51 autism rehabilitation teachers were selected from 10 Beijing private rehabilitation agencies and tested with self-prepared questionnaire. Results Rehabilitation teachers believed that professional knowledge, rehabilitation skills and special education basics ranked the former three positions as for knowledge importance; teachers' basic skills, professional knowledge and special education basics ranked the former three positions as for knowledge mastery. There were difference in academic background and business life. 95% teachers believed that the training form was knowledge plus case plus guidance. The best training time was weekends or summer and winter vacations. The curriculum expected mainly focused on behavior modification, class management, and training system that generally used for children with autism. Conclusion Autism rehabilitation teachers in Beijing private rehabilitation agencies urgently need training in the aspects of expertise, rehabilitation skills and so on.

Objective To explore the application effect of nursing supporting system on the construction of excellent nursing service project.Methods To organize and coordinate the establishment of infusion medication distribution center and central transportation center.Dining hall and other logistical support measures were socially managed.To actively serve the clinical to alleviate the nurse human resource pressure and implement a nursing program to reduce negative jobs.Nursing time,nursing quality and patient satisfaction were compared before and after the establishment of nursing supporting system.Results After the establishment of nursing supporting system,direct nursing time rose from (2.97 ±0.40) h to (3.86 ±0.50) h,infusion preparation time decreased from (5.03 ±0.40) h to (3.46 ±0.12) h,and average nursing quality rose from (96.11 ±0.70) points to (99.38 ±0.53 ) points.The differences were statistically significant (t =13.9138,13.9137,10.44,respectively;P ＜0.01 ).Patient satisfaction increased from 95.13％ to 99.72％.The difference was statistically significant ( x2 =15.03,P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions Nursing supporting system could alleviate the pressure of nurses,improve nursing quality,increase direct patient care time and enhance patient satisfaction.

Objective To investigate the short-term efficacy and the influencing factorof zoledroniacid combined with ra-diotherapy and single radiotherapy in the treatmenof bone metastasiin non-small cell lung cance(NSCL) .MethodTotally 117 NSCLpatientwith bone metastase(153 lesions) receiving the bone lesion radiotherapy in the TumoCenteof ouhospital from 2009 to 2013 were selected and treated by zoledroniacid combined with radiotherapy (combined therapy group ,n=54) and the single radiotherapy (single radiotherapy group ,n=63) .The bone pain relief and influence factorwere analyzed .ResultThe effective ratein the single radiotherapy group and the combined radiotherapy group were 69 .74% and 92 .21% respectively (χ2 =13 .75 ,P＜0 .01);the multivariate Logistiregression analysishowed thathe bone pain relief wacorrelated with the treatmenmode ,moreovethe bone pain relief rate in the combined therapy group wasignificantly highethan thain the single therapy group (OR=4 .60 ,95% CI:1 .23-17 .20 ,P=0 .02) .In the subgroup analysiof treatmenmode,the patientwith osteolytile-sions(OR=26 .59 ,95% CI:3 .29-215 .12 ,P=0 .00) had betteeffec.The combined therapy group had more superiority in the as-pecof non-skeletal related eventoccurrence (OR=4 .40 ,95% CI:1 .49 -12 .99 ,P=0 .01) .Conclusion Radiotherapy combined with zoledroniacid habettecurative effeccompared with single radiotherapy in the NSCLC patientwith bone metastasi.

Objective To observe the effect of γ-ray irradiation on CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells (Tregs),and to investigate the mechanism of immune injury induced by irradiation.Methods The thymus and spleen of C57BL/6 mice were taken and weighted 1-28 d after γ-ray irradiation,and the organ coefficients were calculated.The amount of mouse peripheral WBC measured,CD4 + T cells and Tregs in peripheral and splenic were analyzed by flow cytometry.Results Coefficients of mouse thymus and spleen decreased significantly 1 d post irradiation,and reached to the bottom at 7 d.Coefficients did not recover to control level 28 d after radiation.Peripheral WBC continuously decreased and reached the bottom at 7 d,and did not recover to control level up to 28 d postirradiation.Peripheral CD4 + T lymphocyte temporally reduced at 1 d,while it increased at 7 d,and it approached to control level at 28 d after radiation.Splenic CD4 + T cells slightly reduced at 7 d however,they basically maintained as the same level as control 14 d and 28 d after radiation.Peripheral Tregs ascended at 1 d and reached the peak at 7 d,and reduced at 14 d and 28 d postirradiation,although they still were significantly higher than those of control group.At the same time,splenic Tregs increased significantly and achieved peak value at 1 d,and then gradually decreased and reached the minimum at 28 d after irradiation,which were significantly lower than those of control group( t =2.731,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Mouse thymus and spleen were injured severely,and the number of immunocytes decreased after 6 Gy whole body γ-ray irradiation.However,Tregs with immunosuppressive action increased significantly postirradiation,revealing that Tregs were closely correlated with immune function depression and immunomodulation imbalance induced by ionizing radiation.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of laparoscopic nephroureterectomy with bladder-cuff resection by TUR for upper urinary tract carcinoma. Methods Eighty-two patients with upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma(69 cases in renal pelvis and 13 in ureter)underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephroureterectomy and bladder-cuff resection by TUR. This group of cases was retrospectively summarized including operative time, blood loss, drainage mounting days, catheterizing days, post-operative complications and hospital stays. Results All 82 operation procedures were successfully performed without severe complication. The mean operative time was 135 minutes.The mean length of hospital stay was 7 days postoperatively. The mean time with drainage and Foley catheter were 3 days and 6 days respectively. Follow-up time ranged from 6 to 76 months for 74 patients. The 3-year carcinoma recurrence was 10.6% (5/47). Only 1 patient was found incision tumor recurrence in 8 month after the procedure. Conclusion Retroperitoneoscopic nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff resection by TUR could be a feasible procedure to treat upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma.

Objective: To investigate the distribution of HCV genotypes in Chinese Han population with chronic hepatitis C ( CHC ) . Methods: This randomized multicenter study included 1 014 CHC patients from 28 hospitals in different regions of China.SPSS 20.0 was applied to analyze the relationship among region, HCV genotype, gender and the replication level of HCV-RNA.Results: HCV 1 genotype (56.80%) was the most common genotype.The majority of CHC patients were of genotype 1, 2, 3, 6 in the order of frequency, except those in southwestern, southern and central China.HCV 1, 2, 3, 6 genotypes were most common among male patients in southern China; among female patients in northern China; among male patients in northern and northwestern China and among male patients in northwestern China, respectively ( all P <0 .05 ) .There was no statistical significance between different genders in other regions.The high viral load was more common than the low viral load among HCV 1, 2, 3, 6 genotype-infected patients.Conclusion: There are different distributions of HCV genotypes among the different regions. In addition, HCV genotypes are correlated with gender and HCV-RNA load.

OBJECTIVETo study the causes of poorer antiviral response to neutralizing anti-interferon-alpha antibodies (NA) in male chronic hepatitis B patients treated with recombinant interferon-alpha (rIFN-alpha).

METHODSTwo hundred sixty-nine patients (198 males and 71 females) with histologically proven chronic hepatitis B were treated with 5 MU recombinant interferon-alpha 1b (rIFN-alpha 1b) subcutaneously thrice weekly for 6-37 (median 10.0) months. For each patient, serum HBV DNA levels were detected with fluorescent-quantitative PCR, HBeAg with enzymoimmunoassay, and NA with an antiviral neutralizing biological assay during therapy.

RESULTSNA was found in 70 (35.4%) of the 198 males and in 15 (21.1%) of the 71 females during treatment (x2 = 4.894, P = 0.027). At the end of treatment combined-response was achieved in 21 (24.7%) of the 85 NA-positive patients and in 100 (54.3%) of the 184 NA-negative cases (x2 = 20.642). Stratification analysis by NA showed that combined-response rate was significantly lower in males than in females (18.6%, 13/70 vs. 53.3%, 8/15, x2 = 8.024) among NA-positive patients while it was similar in males and in females (50.8%, 65/128, vs. 62.5%, 35/56, x2 = 2.156) among NA-negative patients. In stratification analysis by gender, it was significantly lower in NA-positive patients than in NA-negative ones (18.6%, 13/70 vs. 53.3%, 8/15, x2 = 8.024) among males but there was no significant difference between combined-response rates among females.

CONCLUSIONThe poorer antiviral response to recombinant interferon-alpha in male chronic hepatitis B patients than in female patients is related to the neutralizing anti-interferon antibodies.

Antibodies ; blood ; Antiviral Agents ; immunology ; therapeutic use ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Humans ; Interferon Type I ; immunology ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Neutralization Tests ; Recombinant Proteins ; Sex Factors ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical epidemiological characteristics and the major causes of primary liver cancer (PLC) in Xinjiang region.

METHODSThe clinical epidemiological information on the first page of case history of 3602 PLC patients, which were diagnosed in our hospital from January 2002 to December 2010, were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed.

RESULTSAmong the 3602 cases, the men/women gender ratio was 3.72:1; The proportion of Han, Uighur, Kazakh, and other nationality (Hui, Mongolian, Manchu, Xibo nationality) was 81.95%, 9.30%, 4.14%, 2.89%, and 1.72%, respectively. The comparative difference between Uighur and Han nationalities was significant (P < 0.05). The hepatitis virus detection results showed that HBs-Ag was positive in 1680 cases (59.57%), HCV-Ab was positive in 229 cases (9.41%). Virus detection was negative in 888 patients (24.65%). The hepatitis B virus positive rate in Uygur patients was 36.13% and in Kazakh patients was 40.37%, both significantly lower than that in patients of Han nationality (63.18%, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSIn Xinjiang region, the infection rate of hepatitis B virus in Uygur and Kazak people is significantly lower than that in Han people. The distribution of gender and age does not differ significantly among different nationalities, compared with those in other regions. The prevalence of primary liver cancer in Xinjiang region has certain regional characteristics and features.

Adult ; Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; ethnology ; China ; epidemiology ; ethnology ; Ethnic Groups ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; epidemiology ; ethnology ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; analysis ; Hepatitis C ; epidemiology ; ethnology ; Hepatitis C Antibodies ; analysis ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; ethnology ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies