The working principle and development of flexible semiconductor devices based on organic field effect transistor(OFET)technology were introduced.The current research status of OFET-based wearable flexible monitoring devices were reviewed,including biomechanical monitoring devices,tattoo biomonitoring devices and cellular detection devices and etc.The deficiencies of OFET-based wearable flexible monitoring devices were analyzed,and it's pointed out that miniaturization,personalization and diversification were the directions for the development of the future OFET-based wearable flexible moni-toring devices.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(1):93-100]

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models have been widely used to predict various stages of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. Models based on machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) can provide better ideas for the construction of PBPK models, which can accelerate the prediction speed and improve the prediction quality of PBPK. ML and AL can complement the advantages of PBPK model to accelerate the progress of drug research and development. This review introduces the application of machine learning and artificial intelligence in pharmacokinetics, summarizes the research progress of physiological pharmacokinetic models based on machine learning and artificial intelligence, and analyzes the limitations of machine learning and artificial intelligence applications and their application prospects and prospects.

Objective: The study aims to explore the neural mechanism of cognitive differences in college students with posttraumatic stress disorder under verbal fluency task based on functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), so as to provide neuroimaging support for the evaluation, diagnosis and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD). Methods: Posttaumatic Stress Disorder Checklist Combat(PCL-C) was used to screen the subjects, including 21 students in PTSD group (PCL-C≥38) and 30 students in control group from September to Novenber in 2020. A 53 channel near infrared spectroscopy device was used to collect cerebral blood oxygen signals under the verbal fluency task, and correlation analysis, Mann Whitney U test and independent sample t test were performed on the results. Results: The difference in the total average score of PCL-C Scale between PTSD group and the control group(46.38±6.96，25.57±6.09) was statistically significant ( t=11.33, P <0.05). Correlation analysis showed that Avg-HbO in left dorsolateral prefrontal lobe was negatively correlated with PCL-C Score ( r=-0.37, P <0.05). Mann Whitney U test showed that in the left dorsolateral prefrontal lobe (Ch6), the Avg-HbO change in PTSD group [0.19(-0.09, 0.86)mmol/(L〖KG*7〗·mm)] was significantly lower than the control group [0.79( 0.37 , 1.47)mmol/(L ·mm)] ( Z=2.16, P <0.05), which was statistically significant. Conclusions The degree of PTSD was negatively correlated with the index of oxygenated hemoglobin in the left dorsolateral prefrontal lobe, and the oxygenated hemoglobin content in the PTSD group was lower than that in the normal group. In the future, fNIRS may be used to collect blood oxygen signals from the left dorsolateral prefrontal lobe in cognitive tasks to provide imaging evidence for the identification of PTSD.

AIM: To investigate the effectiveness of panretinal photocoagulation(PRP)combined with intravitreal conbercept(IVC)for patients with different stages of proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR).METHODS: Retrospective study. The medical records for 100 patients(100 eyes)with PDR treated with PRP combined with IVC from January 2018 to June 2020 were reviewed, including 34 eyes with early PDR(group A), 43 with high-risk PDR(group B), and 23 with fibrovascular PDR(group C). The baseline information, best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), central macular thickness(CMT), the rate of vitrectomy and retinal detachment of the patients in the three groups at 1, 3, 6mo and the last follow-up after combination treatment were observed.RESULTS: The patients were followed up for 14.60±11.64mo(6-52mo), with a mean age of 54.22 ±9.32 years. We found 15 eyes(15.0%)who underwent vitrectomy after the combination treatment. The vitrectomy rates of the three groups were 2.9% in group A, 13.9% in group B, and 34.7% in group C. We found no instances of retinal detachment after the treatments. Most patients demonstrated improved BCVA and CMT values with the treatments.CONCLUSION: PRP combined with IVC is safe and effective in patients with different PDR stages.

Humans ; Adult ; Serum Albumin, Human ; Consensus ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; Thoracic Surgery

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of epidural analgesia plus dexmedetomidine infusion on postpartum depression in parturients with natural childbirth. MethodsWe selected 70 parturients aged between 22 and 36， with singleton， term， cephalic presentation， natural delivery and ASA class I or Ⅱ. The cases undergoing epidural analgesia with ropivacaine and sufentanil were randomly divided into two groups by using a random number table （n=35 for each group）. The control group （Group C） used intravenous infusion of normal saline， while the experimental group （Group D） used equivalent volumes of intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine. Participants were followed up at 1， 6， 12 weeks after childbirth to assess the severity of postpartum depression. Blood samples were collected at 12 h and 48 h after childbirth to measure the serum prolactin levels. The hemodynamic （HR and MAP） changes， VAS scores， and Ramsay scores were recorded at five time points： before analgesia （T1）， 10 min after analgesia （T2）， 30 min after analgesia （T3）， 12 h （T4） and 24 h （T5） after delivery. The number of analgesia pump presses and adverse events were also documented. ResultsCompared with Group C， Group D showed significantly lower EPDS scores at 1 week after childbirth， significantly higher prolactin concentrations at 12 h and 48 h after childbirth， significantly lower VAS scores at T2， T3 and T4， significantly higher Ramsay score at T3 and significantly reduced number of analgesia pump presses （P < 0.05）. ConclusionEpidural analgesia plus intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine can alleviate early postpartum depression in women undergoing natural delivery， promote early prolactin secretion and provide a safe and effective adjunctive analgesic and sedative effect.

Disintegration time is a key parameter that affects the palatability and compliance of oral soluble films. At present, there is no standard method to determine the disintegration time of oral soluble films. In this study, we compared the six methods (pharmacopoeial disintegration method, petri dish method, sponge surface method, slide frame and ball method, partially immersed into liquid (without weight attached) and partially immersed into liquid (with weight attached)) to determine the in vitro disintegration time of oral soluble films with different thickness, and evaluated the correlation with the in vivo disintegration time. The results showed that the repeatability and correlation of pharmacopoeial disintegration method and the partially immersed into liquid method (with weight attached) were excellent, with the endpoint of disintegration testing easy to determine. Partially immersed into liquid method (with weight attached), properly simulating the physiological condition in oral cavity, showed strong operability, good repeatability and in vitro-in vivo correlation, and was suitable for in vitro disintegration evaluation of oral soluble film dosage form. The adult sensory evaluation study was a research-based clinical trial conducted with informed consent from all subjects in accordance with the ethical requirements of Good Clinical Practice.

Objectives: To investigated the safety and efficacy of treating patients with acute non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and elevated levels of N-terminal pro-hormone B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) with levosimendan within 24 hours of first medical contact (FMC). Methods: This multicenter, open-label, block-randomized controlled trial (NCT03189901) investigated the safety and efficacy of levosimendan as an early management strategy of acute heart failure (EMS-AHF) for patients with NSTEMI and high NT-proBNP levels. This study included 255 patients with NSTEMI and elevated NT-proBNP levels, including 142 males and 113 females with a median age of 65 (58-70) years, and were admitted in the emergency or outpatient departments at 14 medical centers in China between October 2017 and October 2021. The patients were randomly divided into a levosimendan group (n=129) and a control group (n=126). The primary outcome measure was NT-proBNP levels on day 3 of treatment and changes in the NT-proBNP levels from baseline on day 5 after randomization. The secondary outcome measures included the proportion of patients with more than 30% reduction in NT-proBNP levels from baseline, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) during hospitalization and at 6 months after hospitalization, safety during the treatment, and health economics indices. The measurement data parameters between groups were compared using the t-test or the non-parametric test. The count data parameters were compared between groups using the χ² test. Results: On day 3, the NT-proBNP levels in the levosimendan group were lower than the control group but were statistically insignificant [866 (455, 1 960) vs. 1 118 (459, 2 417) ng/L, Z=-1.25,P=0.21]. However, on day 5, changes in the NT-proBNP levels from baseline in the levosimendan group were significantly higher than the control group [67.6% (33.8%,82.5%)vs.54.8% (7.3%,77.9%), Z=-2.14, P=0.03]. There were no significant differences in the proportion of patients with more than 30% reduction in the NT-proBNP levels on day 5 between the levosimendan and the control groups [77.5% (100/129) vs. 69.0% (87/126), χ²=2.34, P=0.13]. Furthermore, incidences of MACE did not show any significant differences between the two groups during hospitalization [4.7% (6/129) vs. 7.1% (9/126), χ²=0.72, P=0.40] and at 6 months [14.7% (19/129) vs. 12.7% (16/126), χ²=0.22, P=0.64]. Four cardiac deaths were reported in the control group during hospitalization [0 (0/129) vs. 3.2% (4/126), P=0.06]. However, 6-month survival rates were comparable between the two groups (log-rank test, P=0.18). Moreover, adverse events or serious adverse events such as shock, ventricular fibrillation, and ventricular tachycardia were not reported in both the groups during levosimendan treatment (days 0-1). The total cost of hospitalization [34 591.00(15 527.46,59 324.80) vs. 37 144.65(16 066.90,63 919.00)yuan, Z=-0.26, P=0.80] and the total length of hospitalization [9 (8, 12) vs. 10 (7, 13) days, Z=0.72, P=0.72] were lower for patients in the levosimendan group compared to those in the control group, but did not show statistically significant differences. Conclusions: Early administration of levosimendan reduced NT-proBNP levels in NSTEMI patients with elevated NT-proBNP and did not increase the total cost and length of hospitalization, but did not significantly improve MACE during hospitalization or at 6 months.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Aged ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain ; Simendan/therapeutic use* ; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction ; Heart Failure/drug therapy* ; Peptide Fragments ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Biomarkers ; Prognosis

ObjectiveUltra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS） was used to analyze the chemical constituents in the aerial part and roots of Gentiana straminea from different areas of Qinghai province， and the main chromatographic peaks and differential components of different parts were identified. MethodThe chromatographic separation was performed on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column （2.1 mm×100 mm， 1.8 μm） with 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution （A）-acetonitrile （B） as the mobile phase for gradient elution （0-1 min， 1%-13%B； 1-5 min， 13%-18%B； 5-7 min， 18%-50%B； 7-9.5 min， 50%-60%B； 9.5-11 min， 60%-99%B； 11-14 min； 99%B； 14-15 min， 99%-1%B； 15-16 min， 1%B）， the column temperature at 40 ℃， and the flow rate of 0.3 mL·min^-1. Electrospray ionization （ESI） and negative ion full scan mode were selected for the mass spectrometric conditions to analyze the samples， and the detection range was m/z 50-1 200. Chemical constituents of the aerial part were qualitatively analyzed with the reference substances， literature information and ChemSpider. Principal component analysis （PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） were used to analyze the classification trend， correlation and differential chemical components between aerial part and roots of G. straminea. ResultA total of 68 components， including 24 iridoids， 13 flavonoids， 8 triterpenoids， 6 xanthones， 5 fatty acids， 4 saccharides， 3 phenolic glycosides， 2 alkaloids， 2 sterols and 1 lignan， were preliminarily identified from the aerial part of G. straminea. Among them， 42 components were firstly reported in 4 Gentiana species included in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Eight differential components were screened out， namely sucrose， maltotriose， loganic acid， shanzhiside methyl ester， 6′-O-β-D-glucosylgentiopicroside， swertiamarin， gentiopicrin and isovitexin. ConclusionThe aerial part of G. straminea is rich in chemical constituents and has good medicinal potential. There were significant differences in the chemical components between the aerial part and roots of G. straminea， and the main differential components were iridoids， which could provide a basis for exploring efficacy differences in different parts of G. straminea.

ObjectiveTo observe the effects of modified Chaihu Shugansan（CHSG） and its disassembled formulas on angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 （ACE2）-angiotensin （Ⅰ-Ⅶ） ［Ang （Ⅰ-Ⅶ）］-mitochondrial assembly receptor （MasR） axis in hyperlipidemic rats with myocardial ischemia and depression， and to explore the underlying mechanism of its prevention and treatment of myocardial ischemia and depression. MethodA total of 108 male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group， a model group， a modified CHSG group （11.7 g·kg^-1）， a Quyu Huatan disassembled formula group （4.05 g·kg^-1）， a Shugan Xingqi disassembled formula group （3.15 g·kg^-1）， a Jianpi Yangxue disassembled formula group （4.5 g·kg^-1）， a fluoxetine group （0.001 8 g·kg^-1）， a trimetazidine group （0.005 4 g·kg^-1）， and a simvastatin group （0.001 8 g·kg^-1）， with 12 rats in each group. The hyperlipidemia model with myocardial ischemia and depression was induced with a high-fat diet combined with injection of isoproterenol （ISO） and chronic unpredictable mild stress （CUMS） in rats in the model group and groups with drug intervention for eight weeks. The rats in each group with drug intervention were treated correspondingly by gavage from the first day of modeling， while those in the normal group and the model group received the same amount of normal saline. The behavioral changes of rats in each group were observed by open field test and forced swimming test. Left ventricular fractional shortening （LVFS） and left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） were measured by echocardiography. The serum levels of total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） were detected by the enzyme-labeled apparatus. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the histomorphological changes of the heart. The serum levels of angiotensin Ⅱ （AngⅡ）， ACE2， and Ang（Ⅰ-Ⅶ） were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The protein and mRNA expression of ACE2 and MasR in the hippocampus and the heart was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group showed reduced movement time， distance， and average speed in the central area of the open field （P<0.01）， prolonged immobility time of rats in the forced swimming test （P<0.01）， decreased LVFS and LVEF （P<0.01）， inflammatory exudation and disorderly arranged fiber in heart tissues， elevated serum levels of TC， LDL-C， AngⅡ， ACE2 and Ang（Ⅰ-Ⅶ）， diminished HDL-C （P<0.01）， dwindled mRNA and protein expression of ACE2 in the hippocampus and the heart and MasR in the hippocampus， and up-regulated mRNA and protein expression of MasR in the heart （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the modified CHSG group displayed increased movement time， distance， and average speed in the center area of the open field （P<0.01）， shortened immobility time in the forced swimming test （P<0.01）， increased LVFS and LVEF （P<0.01）， relieved heart injury， reduced serum levels of TC， LDL-C， AngⅡ， ACE2， and Ang（Ⅰ-Ⅶ）， elevated level of HDL-C （P<0.01）， up-regulated mRNA and protein expression of ACE2 in the hippocampus and the heart and MasR in the hippocampus， and down-regulated mRNA and protein expression of MasR in the heart （P<0.01）. Each disassembled formula could improve the above indexes to a certain extent （P<0.05， P<0.01）， but the effect of the whole formula was optimal. ConclusionThe modified CHSG and its disassembled formulas have the effects of resisting depression， improving myocardial injury， and reducing blood lipid. Due to the synergistic effects of stasis-resolving/phlegm-eliminating drugs， liver-smoothing/Qi-moving drugs， and spleen-tonifying/blood-nourishing drugs in the formula， the modified CHSG is superior to each disassembled formula in efficacy. Its mechanism may be related to the activation of the ACE2-Ang （Ⅰ-Ⅶ）-MasR axis.