Cochlear Nerve ; chemistry ; pathology ; Cranial Nerve Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Heart Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neurilemmoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism ; Vestibulocochlear Nerve Diseases ; metabolism ; pathology ; Vimentin ; metabolism

Background/Aims: Single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE) has been widely used in diagnosing small bowel disease. We conducted this study to systematically appraise its technical and clinical performance. Methods: Studies on SBE published by September 2018 were systematically searched. Technical and clinical performance data were collected and analyzed with descriptive or meta-analysis methods. Results: In total, 54 articles incorporating 4,592 patients (6,036 procedures) were included. Regarding technical parameters, the pooled insertion depths (IDs) for anterograde and retrograde SBE were 209.2 cm and 98.1 cm, respectively. The pooled retrograde ID in Asian countries was significantly greater than that in Western countries (129.0 cm vs 81.1 cm, p<0.001). The pooled anterograde and retrograde procedure times were 57.6 minutes and 65.1 minutes, respectively.The total enteroscopy rate was 21.9%, with no significant difference between Asian and Western countries. Clinically, the pooled diagnostic yield of SBE was 62.3%. Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) was the most common indication (50.0%), with a diagnostic yield of 59.5%. Vascular lesions were the most common findings in Western OGIB patients (76.9%) but not in Asian ones (31.0%). The rates of severe and mild adverse events were 0.5% and 2.5%, respectively. Conclusions SBE is technically efficient and is clinically effective and safe, but total enteroscopy is relatively difficult to achieve with this technique. Etiologies of OGIB in Asian countries differ from those in Western countries.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of resveratrol on muscle mass, forelimb grip strength, myofibril structure and AMPK/sirt1 pathway in skeletal muscles of aged rats.

METHODSTwenty aged (25 months old) SD rats were randomly divided into aged control group and resveratrol treatment group (10 in each group) with 10 young (6 months old) rats served as the young control group. In resveratrol treatment group, the rats were treated with resveratrol (mixed in chow) for 6 weeks. After the treatment, the mass of the gastrocnemius was measured and the sarcopenia index (SI) was calculated as the gastrocnemius mass (mg) to body weight (g) ratio. The forelimb grip strength of the rats was measured using a electronic grip strength meter, and the lengths of the sarcomere, I-band, A-band and H-zone of the myofibrils were determined by transmission electron microscopy.

RESULTSCompared with the young rats, the aged control rats had significantly lower SI of the gastrocnemius (P<0.05) and grip strength (P<0.05) with increased lengths of the sarcomere, A-band, I-band and H-zone (P<0.05) and lowered expressions of AMPK, P-AMPK, and sirt1 protein (P<0.05). Resveratrol treatment of the aged rats significantly increased the forelimb grip strength, reduced the lengths of sarcomere length, I-band and H-zone (P<0.05) and increased, P-AMPK, sirt1 protein expressions (P<0.05) without significantly affecting the SI (P>0.05) or the A-band length (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONResveratrol does not improve the muscle mass but can increase the forelimb grip strength in aged rats possibly by activating AMPK/sirt1 pathway to improve the ultrastructure of the myofibrils.

To study the effects of major components of Maijunan tablets, puerarin (Pue) and rhynchophylline (Rhy) on the transport of hydrochlorothiazide (Hct) Caco-2 cell monolayer model, the transport parameters of Hct, such as apparent permeability coefficient (P(app) (B --> A) and P(app) (A --> B)) and the ratio of P(app) (B --> A) versus P(app) (A --> B), were studied and compared when Hct was used solely and co-used with Pue and/or Rhy. The effects of drug concentrations, conveying times, P-glyprotein (P-gp) inhibitor verapamil and conveying Liq pH values on the transport of Hct in the above conditions were also investigated. The results indicated that the absorption of Hct in Caco-2 cell monolayer model could be a carrier-mediated active transport, along with the excretion action mediated by P-gp. Pue can decrease the excretion action of Hct mediated by P-gp, and Rhy had no significant effect on the transport of Hct. The co-use of Hct, Pue and Rhy enhanced the absorption of Hct. Meanwhile, conveying Liq pH value had significant influence on the transport of Hct. The absorption of Hct at pH 6.0 was higher than that at pH 7.4.
ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Absorption ; drug effects ; Biological Transport, Active ; drug effects ; Caco-2 Cells ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Hydrochlorothiazide ; pharmacokinetics ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Indole Alkaloids ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Isoflavones ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Time Factors ; Vasodilator Agents ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Verapamil ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo gain a clear idea of the function of middle ear and hearing in cleft palate with secretory otitis media after pressure equalization tube insertion.

METHODS53 cleft palate cases with secretory otitis media including 62 ears were divided into treatment and control groups. They were examined by tympanogram and hearing threshold.

RESULTSHearing threshold in treatment group after PE tube insertion respectively was 23.3 dB and 23.4 dB in the near future and at a specified future date. It was normal. But there were still 64% tympanogram B and C.

CONCLUSIONSPE tube insertion could solve hearing problem, but could not improve the function of middle ear.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cleft Palate ; complications ; Ear, Middle ; physiology ; Female ; Hearing ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Ear Ventilation ; Otitis Media with Effusion ; etiology ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo compare results of the growth and development of the upper dental arch and the velopharyngeal closure of the cleft patients treated by two methods.

METHODSThe dental cast of patient and X-ray films were measured and the statistical medical records were analyzed.

RESULTSThe transverse distance of upper dental arch was found to be wider in group A than in group B. The anterior-posterior distance of the dental arch in bilateral cleft group was shorter in group A than in group B. The difference of the two groups were gradually lessened as age increases. Bony bridge in alveolar gap was 63% and 83.3% in unilateral and bilateral cleft group respectively. 15% of cases in group A and 35.2% in group B needed pharyngeal flap.

CONCLUSIONSThe stable upper dental arch in group A can opposes the pressure from the lip muscles, this maintains the width of the arch. But A-P distance of upper dental arch in BCLP in group A should be followed up after the age of 9 years. Pharyngeal flap is needed less in group A than in group B.

Alveolar Process ; growth & development ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cleft Lip ; surgery ; Cleft Palate ; surgery ; Humans ; Infant ; Orthodontics, Corrective ; Palate, Soft ; surgery

This study aimed to construct the dual expression vectors of wide type or N187D mutant P2X7 receptor and intracellular domain of Notch1 (ICN1) linked by 2A peptide to coexpress them in leukemia cells so as to lay a foundation for further investigating the role of P2X7 in development of leukemia. Overlap PCR was used to construct the dual expression vectors encoding wide type or N187D mutant type P2X7 receptor and ICN1 linked by the self-cleaving 2A sequence. The results showed that stable expressing cell lines were obtained by retroviral infection followed by cell sorting after DNA sequence analysis. RT-PCR, Western blot, intracellular free calcium concentration analysis were used to verify the functionally successful construction of K562 cell line expressing P2X7 receptor alone or with ICN1. DNA sequence analysis revealed that all construction were right. The infection efficiency of packaged constructed virus ranged from 40% to 70% for K562 cells. Stable infected cell line was obtained by cell sorting. RT-PCR analysis revealed that P2X7 receptor and/or ICN1 could be detected at high level in their stable infected cell lines, respectively. Western blot analysis also showed that P2X7 receptor was highly expressed in cell line infected by virus with P2X7 receptor. Sustained increase in intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) could be observed in K562 cells overexpressing either type of P2X7 receptor upon stimulation with BzATP. It is concluded that the wide type or N187D mutant P2X7 receptor and ICN1 are simultaneously and functionally over-express in leukemia cells, which lay a foundation for further studying the role of P2X7 receptor in the development of leukemia.
Gene Expression ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Receptor, Notch1 ; genetics ; Receptors, Purinergic P2X7 ; genetics ; Retroviridae ; genetics

Objective To investigate the effect of anti-inlammation and antiulcer in rats of Erkou powder and Erkou film.Methods The rats were divided into six groups according to random number table:control group,Guilin watermelon frost group,Erkou powder low dose group,Erkou powder high dose group,Erkou film low dose group and Erkou film high dose group,each with 12.Guilin watermelon frost group was given 0.7 g/kg,Ekou powder low dose group and high dose group were respectively given 14.56,29.12 mg/kg,Erkou film low dose group and high dose group were given 19.25,38.5 mg/kg by intragastric administration.Control group was given the same volume of normal sodium by intragastric administration.To observe the inhibitory actions of paw edema induced by carrageenan of big rats,the increase of abdominal cavity capillary permeability in rats due to acetic acid and effect of oral ulcer healing on aceti acid-cautery type oral ulcer rats.Results Compared with the control group,1 h and 3 h after injection of 1％ carrageenan,the paw edema of rats were significantly reduced in Guilin watermelon frost group,Erkou powder high dose group and Erkou film high dose group (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,the absorbance (0.62 ± 0.08,0.62 ± 0.17,0.64 ± 0.15 vs.0.82 ± 0.24) of peritoneal lavage fluid in Guilin watermelon frost group,Erkou powder high dose group and Erkou film high dose group were significantly decreased (P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,the diameter of ulcer area (3.16 ± 0.68 mm,3.12 ± 0.45 mm,3.22 ± 0.59 mm,3.23 ± 0.70 mm vs.3.90 ± 0.72 mm) of rat in Guilin watermelon frost group,Erkou powder low dose group,Erkou powder high dose group and Erkou film high dose group were significantly decreased (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05) in the third day.Compared with the control group,the diameter of ulcer area (1.93 ± 0.49 mm,1.39 ± 0.42 mm,2.01 ± 0.45 mm,1.98 ± 0.61 mm vs.2.69 ± 0.74 mm) of rat in Guilin watermelon frost group,Erkou powder low dose group,Erkou powder high dose group and Erkou film high dose group were significantly decreased (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05) in the fifth day.Compared with the control group,the healing time of oral ulcer (7.20 ± 0.67 d,6.64 ± 0.67 d,7.27 ± 0.90 d,7.27 ± 0.90 d vs.8.37 ± 1.12 d) of rat in Guilin watermelon frost group,Erkou powder low dose group,Erkou powder high dose group and Erkou film high dose group were significantly shortened.Conclusions Both Erkou plastics and Erkou powder have the effects of resisting inflammation and promoting the healing of oral ulcers.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of incomplete Kawasaki disease(KD).Methods Clinical data includi-ng test results,therapeutic methods were analyzed retrospectively in 579 patients with Kawasaki disease.They were divided into classic KD and incomplete KD and made a compared analysis.Results There were no significant differences in gender,age,symptom and laboratory examination between classic and incomplete KD.But the rate of coronary artery lesions was higher in incomplete KD(18.4%) than that of classic KD(11%).Conclusion The rate of coronary artery lesions was higher in incomplete KD,and it should be paid more attention to earlier diagnosis and earlier treatment.

Objective To investigate the application value of magnetic-controlled capsule endoscopy (MCE) for gastric diseases in physical examination of asymptomatic population.Methods Data of 211 asymptomatic individuals who received MCE examinations from July 2015 to December 2016 in Changhai Hospital were collected and rctrospectively analyzed.The tolerance and safety of MCE were studied by analyzing the detection rate for the focal lesions and the rate of endoscopy transfer.Results Among 211 patients,the detection rate of the gastric focal lesions was 9.5％ (20/211).The detection rate in male was higher than that in female (P＜0.05).All patients completed MCE examination successfully and no adverse event was reported.Conclusion MCE,a non-invasive endoscopic modality,is safe and better tolerated than conventional endoscopy,and can be used as a promising approach to screening the gastric diseases in asymptomatic population due to high detection rate of these diseases.