In order to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the subjects and the interests of the whole society , a relaxed and harmonious environment was created to ensure the normal medical research , clini-cal research trials which fit in trial of ethical review. The protocol assessment form and ICF assessment form to review are two cornerstones of protecting subjects. A good ICF assessment form is a necessary means to help improve the quality of the Ethics Committee for review .

Biomedical research involving human subjects must be approved by the ethical review. The method of improving ethics committee members of the examination quality is not only by the members themselves , but also a good plan of the work table, which is also a necessary means to improve the quality of the ethical review.

AIM: To analyze the amblyopia morbidity status of young children in Shaanxi city of Xi'an Province, and to explore the related risk factors. ·METHODS: Totally 10268 children between 3-6 years old were screened in 8 kindergartens in our city from March 2012 to April 2016 via a simple non-repeated sampling method, and sight, eye position, eye movement examination were mainly implemented;10g/L atropine mydriatic optometry was taken to detect eye fundus examination, and to eliminate organic lesion. There were 528 amblyopic children were set as the observation group, 500 healthy children who were treated in our hospital at the same time were set as the control group. Single factor analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis were carried out for children with amblyopia. ·RESULTS:In a survey, the incidence rate of amblyopia among young children in Shaanxi Xi'an was 5. 14%. Ametropic amblyopia accounted for the highest proportion (61. 4%), and lesion extent was usually mild to moderate, ametropic amblyopia accounted for 24. 1%, which was inferior to that was the strabismus accounted as 12. 9%, rare were form deprivation amblyopia accounted for 1. 7%. General data analysis showed that, there were significant differences between the two groups in maternal gestational age, gestational weeks and times of pregnancy, smoking history of parents, family genetic history of myopia (P<0. 05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that pregnancy when old, mother's smoking history, family genetic history of myopia and short gestational weeks were risk factors for amblyopia in young children (P<0. 05). · CONCLUSION: There is a certain oneset risk of amblyopia in young children in Shaanxi Xi'an. Attention should be paid to educate eye care knowledge, organize regular visual screening, ensure early detection, early diagnosis, early treatment.

AIM:To explore and compare effect of coaxial micro-incision phacoemulsification and standard coaxial phacoemulsification in the treatment of cataract.
METHODS:A total of 88 patients(88 eyes) with senile cataract who underwent selective cataract ultrasonic emulsification resorption combined with intraocular lens implantation in the hospital from Aug. 2013 and Aug. 2015 were selected, they were divided randomly into the control group ( 44 cases, 38 cases completed, 6 cases dropped out ) and the observation group ( 44 cases, 40 cases completed, 4 cases dropped out ) . The control group received standard coaxial 3. 0mm small incision phacoemulsification, the observation group received coaxial 1. 8mm micro-incision phacoemulsification. All patients were combined with intraocular lens implantation. Intraoperative effective ultrasonic time, cumulative release energy, best corrected visual acuity before and after surgery in the two groups were recorded, corneal endothelium cell population, incision corneal thickness, percentage of cornea hexagon cell, corneal astigmatism changes before the operation, 1d, 7d, 30d after the operation were compared.
RESULTS: There was no significant difference in intraoperative effective ultrasonic time, cumulative release energy in the two groups(P>0. 05). There was no significant difference in postoperative best corrected visual acuity between the two groups(P>0. 05). Corneal endothelium cell population, percentage of cornea hexagon cell 1d, 7d, 30d after the operation in the two groups were significantly decreased compared with those before the treatment ( P < 0. 05 ), but there was no significant difference in the two groups ( P > 0. 05 ). Incision corneal thickness 30d after the operation in the observation group was significantly lower than the control group(P<0. 05). Degree of corneal astigmatism in the observation group 1d, 7d, and 30d after the operation were significantly lower than the control group (P<0. 05).
CONCLUSION: Coaxial micro - incision phacoemulsification and standard coaxial phacoemulsification can improve visual acuity of cataract patients, but the former can reduce degree of corneal astigmatism.

Background At present,researches about retinitis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) mainly focus on observation and analysis of the cytomegalovirus (CMV)-induced ocular complication.To screen the effective drugs is very important for the treatment of AIDS-related CMV-induced retinitis.Objective This study was to describe the clinical features,diagnosis and treatment outcome of CMV-induced retinitis with BAY 38-4766 and evaluate the relationship between CMV retinitis and AIDS.Methods This was a case observational study.A total of 154 eyes of 84 patients with CMV retinitis and AIDS were enrolled in this study.Before the definitive diagnosis of CMV retinitis,the AIDS course of these patients were 4-26 months.In the initial examination,the visual acuity ranged from finger counting to 0.4,and the number of CD4+ T-lymphocyte was 0-30 cells/μl.The survival time in the patients ranged from 3 weeks to 18 months.BAY 38-4766 was used in 117 eyes of 62 patients,and 102 eyes of 53 patients showed the srinked of retinal lesion and improvement of vision (0.1-0.7).BAY 38-4766 was used to treat the CMV retinitis in 117 eyes of 62 patients with the initial intravenous dose of 5 mg/kg,twice per day for consecutive 2 weeks and followed by oral dose 1 gram per day.The follow-up duration was 2 weeks to 18 months.The fundus feature,visual acuity and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts were analyzed.This study proposal was approved by Ethic Committee of the 474th Hospital of PLA,and written informed consent was obtained from each patient prior to entering this study.Results The numbers of CD4+T-lymphocytes increased to 12-402 eells/μl after administration of BAY 38-4766.The CMV retinitis aggravated and the vision decreased in the untreated 22 patients with the CD4+T-lymphocytes 0-30 cells/μl.Conclusions CMV retinitis is the most common intraocular complication in patients with AIDS.Diagnosis of CMV retinitis is based on the characteristics of necrotizing retinitis,which is typically associated with retinal hemorrhage and vasculitis.BAY 38-4766 is an effective drug for the treatment of CMV retinitis.

Adult ; Chromium Alloys ; adverse effects ; Crowns ; adverse effects ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; etiology ; Foreign-Body Reaction ; Gingiva ; surgery ; Gingival Hyperplasia ; etiology ; surgery ; Gingivectomy ; Humans ; Metal Ceramic Alloys ; adverse effects

To investigate the therapeutic effect of artesunate on mouse cytomegalovirus pneumonia, the BALB/c-nu mice were infected with murine cytomegalovirus-green fluorescent protein (MCMV-GFP) by nose dropping method. The experimental protocol was approved by the Medical Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Guangzhou Medical University. The BALB/c-nu mice were randomly divided into five groups: control group, MCMV pneumonia group, and artesunate (60, 120, and 240 mg·kg^-1) groups. The survival rate, weights, and virus loads in lungs among the groups were observed. The degree of histopathologic changes in lungs was assessed directly by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) assay. MCMV-GFP expression was assessed by immunofluorescence. In addition, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis was performed to investigate the content of major immediate early 1 (Mie1) mRNA, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the changes of inflammatory factors, interleukin 10 (IL-10), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of the changes of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways in total proteins. Compared with MCMV group, artesunate (120 mg·kg^-1) significantly increased body weights of MCMV-infected nude mice over 30 days, and decreased the viral titer in lung homogenate, lung inflammation, and histological severity. Moreover, the administration of artesunate (120 mg·kg^-1) could downregulate the expression of phospho-NF-κB (p-NF-κB) p65 in the lungs of mice. The present study suggested that artesunate can protect the immunocompromised mice from MCMV-induced interstitial pneumonia via downregulating NF-κB signaling pathway, thus attenuating inflammation in the lungs.

AIM: To observe application of underwater bubble method capsulorhexis overmature period to improve the small incision cataract surgery, so as to explore the clinical value of the surgical method.
● METHODS: From Jul. 2012 to Mar. 2016 at the grassroots of blindness 58 people fail in the 66 eyes overmature period of cataract were randomly divided into underwent capsulorhexis by underwater bubble method to improve the small incision cataract surgery group ( 36 eyes of 30 cases ) and conventional viscoelastic agent underwent capsulorhexis small incision cataract surgery group (30 eyes of 28 cases).
● RESULTS: A total of 66 eyes in success rate of continuous circular capsulorhexis: 92% ( 33/36 eyes ) of underwater bubble method, method of viscoelastic agent only 40% ( 12/30 eyes ) . Two groups of cases of postoperative corneal endothelial cell density are compared with preoperative significantly reduced, no significant statistical difference between the two groups(P>0. 05).
● CONCLUSION: Underwater bubble method capsulorhexis difficult to overmature period of cataract surgery capsulorhexis solution is a better way.

Objective To explore the oxidative stress pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease(PD) induced by paraquat in substantia nigra of mice. Methods The model of PD was established by oral administration of paraquat to mice.The spectrophotometry was used to determine the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX) and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) in substantia nigra.At the same time,number of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) positive neurons in substantia nigra of mice was estimated by immunohistochemistry. Results The activities of SOD and GSH-PX were significantly decreased,and the content of MDA was increased in paraquat-treated mice compared to that of mice treated by saline taken orally(P

AIM:To investigate the differences among Lenstar 900, A-scan ultrasound and keratometer in measurement of axial length ( AL ) , anterior chamber depth ( ACD ) and corneal curvature ( K1 , K2 , Km ) , and evaluate the consistency of the instruments, with the purpose providing references for the clinical application of Lenstar 900.
METHODS: In this study we picked up 36 patients ( 50 eyes ) underwent cataract surgery, and lens nucleus hardness were under level IV. Before the operation, AL, ACD and K1 , K2 , Km were measured by Lenstar 900, A-scan ultrasound and keratometer respectively. The differences between the results were compared by the paired t-test. The correlation of the results was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis, and the consistency was measured by Bland-Ahamn method.
RESULTS: The mean AL and ACD values measured by Lenstar 900 and A-scan ultrasound had no significantly statistic differences (P>0. 05). The K1, K2, Km measured by Lenstar 900 and keratometer were not significantly statistical different (P>0. 05). The results measured by these three instruments had close linearity correlation ( r>0.9, P<0. 01). The consistency of the results was well in Bland-Ahamn analysis.
CONCLUSION:The preoperatively biometric result of Lenstar 900, A - scan ultrasound and keratometer in patients with cataract are all reliable, and they can be substituted by each other. However, Lenstar 900 can not only measure AL, ACD and corneal curvature at the same time, but also cornal thickness, lens thickness, white to white, pupil size, optical axis eccentricity, retinal thickness and so on. It has a number of advantages such as non-touching, convenient and efficient, and can be recommended to use widely.