To investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics and absolute bioavailability of ginkgolide A (GA), ginkgolide B (GB) and bilobalide (BB) in rats. In this experiment, a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/ MS) method was established to determine the plasma concentrations of GA, GB and BB in rats after rats were administrated with the three drugs through ig and iv respectively. The main pharmacokinetic parameters and absolute bioavailability of three ginkgolide compounds were obtained by using pharmacokinetic software DAS 2. 0. After the inject of GA, GB and BB, the results showed Cmax at (513.9 ± 116.9), (701.3 ± 76.0), (5,255.6 ± 476.8) µg · L(-1) and AUC0.24h of (960.9 ± 268.5), (779.5 ± 140.6), (7,409.3 ± 1,181.1) µg · h · L(-1), respectively; after the oral administration, the results showed Cmax at (522.9 ± 39.9), (146.8 ± 31.6), (2,711.9 ± 588.9) µg · L(-1) and AUC0-24 h of (1,760.4 ± 300.7), (636.6 ± 180.3), (16,651.4 ± 1,306.5) µg · h · L(-1), respectively. The absolute bioavailability of GA, GB and BB in rats was (61.1 ± 10.4)%, (27.2 ± 7.7)%, (56.2 ± 4.4)%, respectively. The method established in this experiment has a good specificity and sensitivity and so can be used to study the pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability of GA, GB and BB in rats.
Animals ; Biological Availability ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cyclopentanes ; pharmacokinetics ; Furans ; pharmacokinetics ; Ginkgolides ; pharmacokinetics ; Lactones ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

0.05). Conclusions Biofeedback and pelvic electric stimulation could be used to treat stress incontinence. Menopause status,BMI and severity of stress incontinence can not obvious affect the outcomes of biofeedback and pelvic electric stimulation.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on human cervical carcinoma HeLa cell line.

METHODSHeLa cells were treated with As2O3 and ATRA. The cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay. The expressions of NDRG-1 protein and mRNA were determined by Western blot and RT-PCR analysis.

RESULTSMTT assay showed that As2O3 and ATRA inhibited the growth of human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells in vitro in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Western blot and RT-PCR techniques showed that As2O3 and ATRA down-regulated the expressions of NDRG-1 protein and mRNA (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAs2O3 and ATRA can significantly inhibit the growth and proliferation of HeLa cells. The reason of these changes may be related with the down-regulation of expression of NDRG-1.

Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Arsenicals ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Oxides ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tretinoin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo study the mechanism of spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

METHODSThe specimens of 30 patients with ruptured HCC and 30 patients with non-ruptured HCC were collected. Immunofluorescence, immunohistochemical and flow cytometry techniques were used to detect the phagocytosis of macrophages and the deposition of immune complex (IC) on vascular wall.

RESULTSIn this study, the poor function of macrophage phagocytosis was found in patients with ruptured HCC, which could results in the cumulating of IC and deposition on vascular wall. The IC, which composed of hepatitis B virus e1 antigen (HBeAg/1), complement C1q and immunoglobulins, was found deposited in the elastic membrane of arteries. Likely as a result of IC deposition, vascular injury occurs mainly in the small arteries where the deposition of IC was present. As the small arteries were the blood vessels with predominant injury, they would likely to be the ones to split and cause hemorrhage and rupture of HCC during vascular load increase.

CONCLUSIONSWe would conclude that the poor function of macrophage phagocytosis, which lead to the IC deposition and vascular injury may be the factors involved in the pathogenesis of ruptured HCC.

Adult ; Antigen-Antibody Complex ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; immunology ; pathology ; Complement C1q ; metabolism ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Liver Neoplasms ; immunology ; pathology ; Macrophages ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rupture, Spontaneous ; immunology

China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Male ; Obesity ; complications ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors

Objective To explore the association between polymorphisms of adiponectin gene and the risk of ischemic stroke in Han population from the Northern parts of China.Methods TaqMan probe of RT-PCR was applied to detect the genotype frequency of single nucleotide polymorphism(SNPs)(rs266729 and rs2241766)of adiponectin gene in 357 ischemic stroke cases who developed the episode at first time and with 345 healthy controls.Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship of each genotype of SNPs and ischemic stroke.Results Mutation of rs2241766(T＞G)increased the risk of ischemic stroke among all the samples(0R=1.55,P=0.01)and it was still the risk factor of ischemic stroke when analyzed by multi-factors logistic regression after each factor was adjusted(OR=1.55,P=0.00).The polymorphism of rs266729 was not related to the risk of ischemic stroke among all the samples(OR=1.13,P=0.57).However,the genotype GG of rs266729 increased the risk of ischemic stroke among female population(OR=3.25,P=0.04).Conclusion The variance of rs2241766 in adiponectin gene was related to the risk of ischemic stroke in Han population from the Northern parts of China and the genotype GG of rs266729 could possibly increase the risk of ischemic stroke in women of Han population from the Northern parts of the country.

OBJECTIVETo study the distribution of variable numbers of tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in the intron 2 and the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at position +8006 in the exon 2 of IL-1RN in healthy Chinese Han Population of Wuhan province and to analyze their correlation with the serum lipoprotein level.

METHODSIL-1RN (VNTR) and IL-1RN (+8006) polymorphisms were detected by PCR and PCR-RFLP methods in 251 healthy Chinese Han Population of Wuhan, and the levels of serum lipoprotein, IL-1 and IL-1Ra were inspected simultaneously.

RESULTSIn IL-1RN (VNTR), allele I appeared most common, then allele II, and allele IV was rare. At the position of IL-1RN (+8006), allele T was most commonly seen followed by allele C. Allele II of IL-1RN (VNTR) always existed with allele C of IL-1RN (+8006). The levels of serum lipoprotein, IL-1 and IL-1Ra were not different among the different genotypes of the two polymorphisms.

CONCLUSIONThere were two gene polymorphisms in the intron 2 and exon 2 of IL-1RN, which were not correlated with the levels of serum lipoprotein, IL-1 and IL-1Ra. However, there seemed to be a linkage disequilibrium between IL-1RN (VNTR) and IL-1RN (+8006).

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Exons ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; blood ; genetics ; Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein ; Introns ; genetics ; Lipoproteins ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minisatellite Repeats ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Sialoglycoproteins ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo observe the difference in fatty degree, glucose-lipid disorder and adipose-hormones between diet induced obesity (DIO) rats and diet induced obesity resistance (DIO-R) rats, and to explore the effect and acting mechanism of Chinese drugs for strengthening Pi (CD-SP) and those for both strengthening Pi and dissolving phlegm (CD-SPDP) in inhibiting obesity.

METHODSExcepting eight rats allocated in the blank control group, the other 54 rats were fed with high-lipid forage for 12 weeks to establish models of obesity. Finally, 30 DIO rats and 8 DIO-R rats (shown by their body weight) were obtained. The DIO rats were divided into three groups, which were given gastric perfusion, respectively, with normal saline (Group A), CD-SP (Group B), and CD-SPDP (Group C). Fourteen weeks later, the animals' body weight (BW), length (BL), blood levels of fasting insulin (FIn), fasting glucose (FBG), triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (TC), leptin (LP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-alpha), adiponectin (AN), and resistin (RS) were measured; insulin resistance index (IRI) was calculated, and the degree of obesity and lipid content in abdominal cavity of rats were estimated. Moreover, the levels of LP, CRP, TNF-alpha, AN and RS in homogenate of rats' adipose tissues (ATH) were determined.

RESULTSAfter 12 weeks of high-lipid diet, the BW of DIO rats was higher than that of normal or DIO-R rats. After a 14-week continuous high-lipid diet feeding, in DIO rats, BW, lipid coefficient (LC), and IRI were significantly increased (P<0.01); serum levels of TNF-alpha, LP and AN were lower, NPY was higher, while the ATH levels of LP and AN were lower and TNF-alpha was higher in DIO rats than in DIO-R rats (P<0.05 or P<0.01); blood levels of FBG and lipids in DIO rats showed an increasing trend but was statistically insignificant (P>0.05); no significant difference was found in serum levels of CRP and RS due to the overly high data dispersion. Comparisons of the 3 DIO groups showed that BW, body weight index (BWI), LC and IRI were significantly lowered after treatment (P<0.01) in Group C, while these indexes were not significantly different between Group A and B; the serum levels of TNF-alpha, LP, and AN increased, NPY decreased in Group B and C, ATH levels of LP and AN increased, and TNF-alpha decreased in the two groups; but NPY, LP, and AN in blood and ATH were higher in Group C than those in Group B (P<0.05 or P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONCD-SPDP could inhibit DIO and IR, showing that the effect is better than that of CD-SP, and its mechanism is related to promotion of LP and AN secretion and elevation of serum NPY.

Adipokines ; blood ; Animals ; Blood Glucose ; analysis ; C-Reactive Protein ; analysis ; Diet, Atherogenic ; Dietary Fats ; adverse effects ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Leptin ; blood ; Male ; Neuropeptide Y ; blood ; Obesity ; blood ; etiology ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Syndrome ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the safety and efficacy between endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation (EPBD) and endoscopic sphincteropapillotomy ( EST) for common bile duct stones using meta-analysis method.

METHODSRandomizd controlled trials comparing EPBD with EST for common bile duct stones and published from January 1990 to July 2012 were recruited. This meta-analysis was conducted to estimate short-term and long-term complications. Fixed random effect model or random effect model was established to analyze the data.

RESULTSTwelve randomizd controlled trials were included in this analysis. These studies included 1865 patients, 925 of them were treated with EPBD and 940 were treated with EST. The analysis of basic characteristics of these included studies showed that: compared to EST, patients in the EPBD group were younger (OR = -1.16, 95% CI: -1.49 to -0.84, P = 0.00), while in two groups, there were no significant difference (P > 0.05) in gender proportion, average size of stones, number of gallstones, previous cholecystectomy, the number of merged duodenal diverticulum, common bile duct diameter, the total follow-up time. Also, compared to EST, the overall stone clearance in the EPBD group was lower (OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.42 to 0.96, P = 0.03), pancreatitis incidence was higher (OR = 2.67, 95% CI: 1.61 to 4.43, P = 0.00), incidence of bleeding (OR = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.34, P = 0.00), acute cholecystitis (OR= 0.39, 95% CI: 0.18 to 0.84, P = 0.02), total long-term complication rate (OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.36 to 0.77, P = 0.01), stone recurrence rate more than a year were lower (OR= 0.48, 95% CI: 0.26 to 0.90, P = 0.02). While in two groups, there were no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the stone removal on 1 '' attempt, the total near-term complications and acute cholangitis.

CONCLUSIONSOn the basis of lower rates of bleeding, EPBD seems to be preferred strategy over EST for endoscopic remove of common bile duct stones in patients who have coagulopathy. Although stone recurrence rate more than a year of EPBD is lower, but the overall stone clearance rate is lower and the risk of pancreatitis is higher than that of EST.

Dilatation ; Gallstones ; surgery ; Humans ; Postoperative Complications ; epidemiology ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the status of promoter hypermethylation of Ras association domain family protein 1A (RASSF1A), hypermethylated in cancer 1 (HIC1) and p73 genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to explore the correlation with clinicopathological features.

METHODSForty cases of HCC and their corresponding non-tumor liver tissues, other 2 cases of healthy donor livers were detected using methylation specific polymorphism chain reaction (MSP) method.

RESULTSThe frequency of promoter hypermethylation of RASSF1A showed 90.0% and 72.5% in tumor and corresponding non-tumor tissues respectively, and there was significant difference between them (P < 0.05). The frequency of promoter hypermethylation of HIC1 showed 77.5% and 70.0% in tumor and corresponding non-tumor tissues respectively. The frequency of hypermethylation of HIC1 in non-tumor liver tissues showed significant correlation between younger and older patients. The frequency of promoter hypermethylation of p73 showed 5.0% in tumor tissues. However, none of hypermethylation of the gene was detected in corresponding non-tumor liver tissues. There was none of hypermethylation of the three genes showed in two cases of healthy donor livers.

CONCLUSIONPromoter hypermethylation of RASSF1A and HIC1 genes are common event in HCC and play an important role in the pathogenesis and may be used to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for HCC in the future.

Adult ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; genetics ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA Methylation ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors ; genetics ; Liver Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nuclear Proteins ; genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tumor Protein p73 ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; genetics