OBJECTIVETo explore significance of preoperative color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) for screening deep vein thrombosis in upper limbs fracture.

METHODSFrom January 2009 to December 2011, 1200 patients with upper limb fracture caused by trauma were respectively analyzed. There were 833 males and 367 females,ranging from 20 to 78 (mean 41.94 +/- 15.41) years. All patients had swelling and pain in injured limbs when enrolled. CDFI was used to examine upper limbs vein at 3 to 10 d after improvement of swelling, 1 day before reduction. Relationship among occurrence of thrombosis, gender, age and fracture sites were analyzed. Patients with DVT were analyzed with respective study to decide whether combined with diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia.

RESULTSAll patients were checked by CDFI,which confirmed 9 cases with DVT. The rate of thrombosis was 0.75%, women than men (P < 0.01). The risk of blood clots occurred over 30 years, and the occurrence of thrombosis in humerus fracture was higher than radius ulnar fracture. One of 9 patients combined with hypertension and hyperlipidemia, 1 case combined with diabetes, and 7 cases with no complication.

CONCLUSIONUpper trauma fracture may occur deep vein thrombosis; CDFI should be used to check DVT in qualified hospital,which can maintain medical safety,decrease occurrence of medical disputes, and ganrantee patient's safety.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Diabetes Complications ; surgery ; Female ; Fractures, Bone ; complications ; surgery ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; complications ; Hypertension ; complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Preoperative Period ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color ; Upper Extremity ; injuries ; Venous Thrombosis ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVEUsing geographic information system (GIS) and the remote sensing techniques (RS), we developed a schistosomiasis database and geographic distribution map in Zhongxiang city,Hubei province in order to display and analyze the endemic situation longitudinally after the water conservancy project is completed.

METHODSEpidemiological data of schistosomiasis and the correlated climate and hydrology data for the last 30 years were collected and the relevant GIS databases were established under Artificial Neural Networks(ANN) and network training of Landsat TM images.

RESULTSGIS database of schistosomiasis in Zhongxiang city, Hubei province and its vicinity areas were developed including 1 maps regarding the epidemic situation of schistosomiasis. The areas of snail distributing were 4.4 hm2, 8.2 hm2, 24 hm2, 130.4 hm2, 8.13 hm2 and 7.53 hm2, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe maps created by GIS database and RS techniques supported the complicated query on space and property, providing a new way in keeping,updating and analyzing available data. The techniques used should be able to provide evidence for the control of schistosomiasis to this water conservancy project.

Animals ; China ; epidemiology ; Climate ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Databases, Factual ; Humans ; Schistosomiasis ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Snails ; Water

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of obesity and how they related to chronic diseases among middle aged and elderly men in urban Shanghai.Methods A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from a baseline survey from an on-going cohort study of 61 500 men between 40-74 of age in urban Shanghai.Study subjects were recruited from 8 communities of an urban district in Shanghai during 2002 to 2006.General obesity was measured by body mass index (BMI≥28) and,central obesity by waist to hip ratio (WHR≥0.9).Unconditional logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval of chronic diseases associated with obesity after adjustment for potential confounding factors.Results The aged-adjusted prevalence rates of overweight,overall obesity and central obesity were 36.8%,7.7% and 49.7% respectively.In this population,66.7% subjects had ever been diagnosed with one or more kinds of chronic diseases,in which hypertension ranked first with an age-adjusted prevalence rate of 26.5%.After mutual adjustment for WHR and BMI,obesity (BMI≥28) appeared to be associated with increased prevalence rates of hypertension,coronary heart disease,gallstone,urinary tract calculus and stroke comparing to men having normal BMI (18.5≤BMI＜24) with ORs ranged from 1.16 to 3.13.However,to the lowest quartile,the ORs associated with the highest WHR were between 1.20 and 1.69 for these 5 diseases.All P values for trend tests were less than 0.05.WHR was positively associated with diabetes,with OR as 2.40 (95% CI:2.14-2.70) for the highest quartile comparing to the lowest quartile.BMI was unrelated to the diabetes prevalence.Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease decreased with increasing BMI,but increased with WHR.The corresponding OR was 0.87 (95% CI:0.77-0.98)for the obese men compared to those with normal BMI while 1.26(95%CI:1.14-1.40) for the subjects with the highest WHR comparing to those with the lowest WHR.Conclusion The prevalence rates of hypertension,gallstone,urinary tract calculus,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were higher in obesity men.Central obesity seemed to be related to high prevalence of diabetes.

OBJECTIVETo Explore the effect of oblique preputial island flap for the treating of hypospadias.

METHODSFifty-one patients were performed one-stage urethroplasty with oblique preputial island flap to repair hypospadias.

RESULTSAll cases resulted in a good contour of the penis without any redundancy and a normal anatomic position of slit-shaped urethral meatus. The urination was perfect. Six patients occurred complications (3 cases of urinary fistula, 3 cases of meatal stenosis).

CONCLUSIONWith extensive scope of materials, reliable blood supply of skin flap, satisfactory appearance of shaping penis and few complications, one-stage urethroplasty with oblique preputial island flap is an effective method to repair hypospadias of penile type and penile-scrotal type.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Hypospadias ; surgery ; Male ; Penis ; surgery ; Surgical Flaps ; Urethra ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the roles of enteric nervous system neurotransmitters, nitric oxide (NO), substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in the colon in slow transit constipation in rats.

METHODSThirty-two healthy Wistar rats were randomly assigned to control and constipated groups. In the constipated group, the rats were daily administered with diphenoxylate (8 mg/kg) to develop slow transit constipation, while the control rats were fed with water. The number and the weight of fecal granule and the body weight of rats were recorded every 5 days for 90 days. Transit functions of intestinal movement were examined by an activated charcoal suspension pushing test one week after stopping the administration of diphenoxylate. The levels of NO and SP in the colonic mucosa were measured by nitrate reductase methods and ELISA respectively. The distribution of VIP and ICC positive cells confirmed with symbolic c-kit+ cells in the colonic wall were observed by immunohistochemical methods.

RESULTSThe daily number of fecal granule in the constipated group was significantly less than that in the control group (P<0.01). The mean weight of each fecal granule in the constipated group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). The discharge time of the first granule of black faeces in the constipated group (430.2+/- 132.1 min) was significantly longer than that in the control group (337.2+/- 74.7 min; P<0.05). There were no significant differences in NO and SP levels and the density of VIP positive cells in the distal colonic segment between the two groups. The number of c-kit+ cells in the distal colonic wall in the constipated group was significantly reduced compared with that in the control group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe reduction of ICC number in the distal colon may be contributed to the pathogenesis of slow transit constipation in rats.

Animals ; Body Weight ; Coiled Bodies ; Colon ; cytology ; innervation ; Constipation ; etiology ; Male ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; physiology ; Nitric Oxide ; analysis ; physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Substance P ; analysis ; physiology ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ; analysis ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo identify the genetic cause for a Chinese Han family affected with hereditary multiple osteochondromas.

METHODSTwo patients, five unaffected relatives of the family and 100 unrelated healthy controls were collected. The coding sequences and intron/exon boundaries of EXT1 gene were amplified with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced.

RESULTSA heterozygous c.600G>A (p.Trp200X) mutation in exon 1 of the EXT1 gene was detected in the patients. The same mutation was not found in unaffected family members and 100 healthy controls.

CONCLUSIONThe hereditary multiple osteochondromas in the family is caused by a nonsense mutation (p.Trp200X) in the EXT1 gene.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Child ; Exostoses, Multiple Hereditary ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Female ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation ; N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases ; genetics ; Pedigree

OBJECTIVETo assess whether the polymorphisms of CYP17 MspA(1)I are associated with the susceptibility of endometrial cancer.

METHODSThe allelic discrimination of the CYP17A1 gene polymorphisms were assessed with the ABI PRISM 7900 Sequence Detection Systems using TaqMan genotyping assay. Unconditional logistic regression was applied to assess odds ratio and 95% CI and evaluate the association between different genotypes and endometrial cancer development.

RESULTSThe frequencies of wild-type, heterozygote and homozygote for the CYP17 MspA(1)I in control women in Shanghai were 17.8%, 49.3% and 32.9%, respectively. No significant difference was found in the distribution of various genotypes of CYP17 MspA(1)I between patients and controls. Pregnancy was associated with reduced risk of endometrial cancer in pre-menopausal women with A2 allele, OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.44 approximately 0.99. In post-menopausal women with A2 allele, more pregnancies ( > 2) and shorter time of menstruation ( < or = 32 yrs) were associated with reduced risk of endometrial cancer.

CONCLUSIONNo significant relationship was found between CYP17 MspA(1)I genotypes and endometrial cancer risk.

Adult ; Aged ; Alleles ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; Endometrial Neoplasms ; enzymology ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Menopause ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase ; genetics

ABO blood type has been associated with risk of several malignancies. However, results are not consistent. In this population-based case-control study including 1204 incident endometrial cancer cases and 1212 population controls, we examined the association of self-reported serologic blood type with endometrial cancer risk using a logistic regression model. Women with endometrial cancer were more likely to have blood type A. Compared to women with blood type O, the adjusted odds ratios for endometrial cancer were 1.00 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.79-1.28] for type B, 1.24 (95% CI, 0.90-1.69) for type AB, and 1.50 (95% CI, 1.19-1.90) for type A. A significant dose-response relationship was observed for cancer risk and level of antigen A (P for trend = 0.0003). The positive association of blood type A with cancer risk was observed regardless of menopausal status, body mass index, oral contraceptive use, or family cancer history. Our results suggest that ABO blood type may be involved in the development of endometrial cancer.
ABO Blood-Group System ; Adult ; Aged ; Body Mass Index ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; epidemiology ; Confidence Intervals ; Contraceptives, Oral ; adverse effects ; Endometrial Neoplasms ; blood ; chemically induced ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo assess the effect of tea consumption on the risk of endometrial cancer.

METHODSIn a population based case-control study conducted in urban Shanghai, face-to-face interviews were completed for 995 incidence cases aged 30 - 69 from January 1997 to December 2002 and 1087 controls that frequency-matched to cases on age. Unconditional logistic model was used for analysis.

RESULTSAn inverse association was observed in tea drinking and endometrial cancer risk. Compared to non-tea drinkers, regular tea drinkers had reduced risk of endometrial cancer (OR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.54 - 1.01) in premenopausal women. Green tea had a protective effect on endometrial cancer among non-smoking or non-alcohol drinking women (OR = 0.77, P = 0.0199) and the ORs reduced with the increasing concentration of tea being served (P for trend = 0.0493). The multivariate ORs for drinking green tea < 7 times/week and >or= 7 times/week were 0.90 (95% CI: 0.53 - 1.54) and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.60 - 0.95) with the trend test of P = 0.0163.

CONCLUSIONTea drinking, with green tea in particurlar, seemed to have weak but inverse association with endometrial cancer risk, but this effect of protection might only limit to premenopausal women.

Adult ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; epidemiology ; Endometrial Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tea ; Urban Health