ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of 1-3-n-Butylphthalide on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) following whole brain irradiation in rats.Methods144 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-irradiation group,irradiation group,1-3-n-Butylphthalide group,and irradiation plus 1-3-n-Butylphthalide group.Whole-brain irradiation was given as a single-dose of 10 Gy using 4 MV X-ray.The rats were injected intraperitoneally with 1-3-n-Butylphthalide at 0.3 mg/kg,1.0 mg/kg,3.0 mg/kg once per day.The changes of the BBB were assessed by Evans blue (EB) assay.The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the brain tissue was determined by immunohistochemistry. The circulating endothelial cells (CECs) isolated from right ventricular blood were counted.MRI was evaluated with the T1-weighted images,T2-weighted images and MRI enhancement images induced by Gd-DTPA.The data were compared among the groups through Student-Newman-Keuls test.ResultsCompared with the sham-irradiation group,the EB content,the expression of VEGF in the brain tissue and the CECs were significantly increased in the irradiation group (2.81∶ 7.82,P =0.002;5.83∶ 10.26,P=0.003;3.16∶6.14,P =0.002).The signal intensity of T1-weighted images was significantly decreased while T2-weighted images and the enhancement rate significantly increased in the irradiation group (P =0.004 -0.018 ).Compared with irradiation group,the EB content,the expression of VEGF and the CECs were decreased significantly in the irradiation plus 1-3-n-Butylphthalide group ( 7.80∶ 3.86,P =0.007 ; 10.83 ∶ 5.26,P =0.008 ;6.36∶ 3.64,P =0.009 ).However,the changes in the MRI were significantly attenuated ( P =0.008-0.026,and 0.006 -0.038,respectively).Conclusions Following whole brain irradiation,1-3-n-Butylphthalide can decrease the permeability of the BBB in rats via decreasing VEGF expression and decreasing the CECs.

Objective To investigate the protective effect and its mechanism of DL-3-n-Butylphthalide on the brain damage in rats following whole brain irradiation.Methods A total of 120 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-irradiation group,irradiatien group and DL-3-n-Butylphthalide group.The model of whole-brain irradiatien was established by exposuring rat brain to 4 MeV X-rays with a single-dose of 10 Gy.The rats were intraperitoneally injected with DL-3-n-Butylphthalide at the dosages of 0.3,1.0,and 3.0 mg/kg once a day.The contents of malondialdchyde and super oxide dismutase activity were measured,while the expressions of apoptosis-associated genes and the ultrastructural changes in hippocampus were examined by immunohistnchemisty staining and electron microscope,respectively.Results After irradiation,the content of malondialdehyde and the expression of apoptosis gene bax in rat brain tissue increased while the activity of super oxide dismutase(SOD) and the expression of anti-apoptosis gene bcl-2 decreased.Apoptosis was also observed in the neurons of hippocampus CA1.Compared with irradiation group,the content of malondialdehyde and the expression of bax gene in the DL-3-n-Butylphthalide group wen significantly reduced ( t =-3.89--1.96,2.72-3.48,P ＜ 0.05 ),while the activity of SOD and bcl-2 gene were significantly elevated ( t =2.94-3.76,-3.18--2.08,P ＜ 0.05),and the injury degree of neuron structure in the DL-3-n-Butylphthalide group was slighter than that in the irradiation group.Conclusions DL-3-n-Butylphthalide executes protective effects in a dose-dependent manner againest the radiation injury in rats brain by reducing the induction of malondialdehyde,raising the activity of SOD and inhibiting the generation of apoptosis.

Biopsy ; Biopsy, Needle ; Bone Marrow ; pathology ; Bone Marrow Examination ; methods ; Bone Marrow Neoplasms ; pathology ; secondary ; Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; Cytological Techniques ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology

Objective: To discuss the clinical efficacy of modified Tongqiao Huoxuetang combined with ‘Huiyang Jiuzhen’ in treating post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) and its mechanisms in resisting inflammation and oxidant stress and ameliorating hemorheology. Method: One hundred and twenty-two patients were randomly divided into control group (61 cases) and observation group (61 cases) by random number table. Both groups got Donepezil tablets, 10 mg/time, 1 time/day, and Nicergoline tablets, 20 mg/time, 3 times/days. Patients in control group got ‘Huiyang Jiuzhen’, 1 time/day, 6 times/week. In addition to the therapy in control group, patients in observation group got modified Tongqiao Huoxuetang, 1 dose/day. And a course of treatment was 8 weeks. Before treatment and at the 4^th week and 8^th week after treatment, scores of mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) were discussed. And activity of daily living scale (ADL), syndrome of blood stasis and cerebral collaterals were graded. And levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) before and after treatment, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), oxidized low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), hemorheology were detected. Result: According to the rank sum test, the clinical efficacy in observation group was better than that in control group (Z=1.976, P<0.05). At the 4^th week and 8^th week after treatment, score of MMSE and MoCA were higher than that in control group (P<0.05), and the extent of the rise were more than that in control group (P<0.05). And scores of ADL and syndrome of blood stasis and cerebral collaterals were lower than those in control group (P<0.01). Levels of IL-6, TNF-α, CRP, DA and Ox-LDL were lower than those in control group (P<0.01), and level of SOD was higher than that in control group (P<0.01). Levels of whole blood viscosity (high-cut, low-cut), plasma viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation index, platelet aggregation, fibrinogen and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were lower than those in control group (P<0.01). Conclusion: In addition to the routine therapy of western medicine, modified Tongqiao Huoxuetang combined with ‘Huiyangjiuzhen’ can improve patients cognitive function and daily life ability, have effects in resisting inflammation and oxidation and ameliorating hemorheology, and can promote the recovery of cognitive function.

BACKGROUND:Currently, there is no explicit evidence-based medicine evidence to prove the merits or demerits of absorbable materials in the treatment of fractures of the lateral humeral condyle in children. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical efficacies of open reduction with absorbable material versus open reduction with Kirschner wire fixation for lateral condylar fracture of the humerus in children.METHODS:WanFang, VIP, CNKI, CBMdisc, EMbase, PubMed were retrieved for controlled trials concerning open reduction with absorbable material versus open reduction with Kirschner wire fixation for treating lateral condylar fracture of the humerus in children. After data extraction and quality evaluations, RevMan 5.3 software was used for systematic review. Postoperative functional recovery of the elbow joint, average hospitalization expenses, adverse events, delayed union, postoperative infection, nerve injury and deformity of the elbow were compared in patients undergoing different treatments. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of seven articles, involving 449 children with lateral condylar fracture of the humerus, were included for this Meta-analysis. Children in test group received open reduction with absorbable material, while those in control group were subjected to open reduction with Kirschner wire fixation. For treating lateral condylar fracture of the humerus in children, no significant inter-group difference existed in the aspects of postoperative functional recovery of the elbow joint [odds ratio (OR)=0.72, 95％ confidence interval (CI) (0.37, 1.41),P=0.34]; postoperative delayed union [OR=0.46, 95％CI(0.16, 1.30),P=0.14]; deformity of the elbow [OR=0.70, 95％CI (0.24, 2.10),P=0.53]. Less adverse events and postoperative infections were observed in the test group compared with the control group [OR=0.17, 95％CI (0.08, 0.38),P < 0.0001;OR=0.09, 95％CI (0.02, 0.38),P=0.001]. However, up to now, we knew of no comparable data concerning average hospitalization expenses and indicators for nerve injury between the two groups. To conclude, compared with Kirschner wire fixation, open reduction with absorbable material can achieve similar effects on lateral condylar fractures of the humerus, but has better effects to prevent adverse events and postoperative infection. Further investigation on large-scale, double-blind, high-quality randomized controlled trials is warranted for confirming our results.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the biological difference of clonal cells between myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

METHODBone marrow (BM) clonal cells (which had cytogenetic markers detected by FISH assay) and blasts were quantitatively analysed in 51 MDS and 11 AML patients. The clonal cell percentage in orthochromatic normoblasts, granulocytes and megakaryocytes were assayed. The biological functions for phagocytosis and oxidation of MDS peripheral blood (PB) neutrophils were compared with that of normal controls.

RESULTSAlmost all MDS patients BM had a higher clonal cell percentage (mean 48.2%) than blasts percentage (mean 6.7%) (P < 0.01), but with the subtype of MDS advancing this percentage gap was closing up, and in 11 AML patients no such gap was observed. This gap in MDS patients with + 8 abnormality was smaller than in those with 5q -. In MDS BM, clonal cells were detected in segmented granulocytes (mean 45.9%), orthochromatic normoblasts (mean 46.0%) and mature megakaryocytes (mean 38.0%). In Addition, an approximate amount of clonal cells with the same karyotype abnormality in BM were detected in MDS PB (mean 37.3% in blood vs 48.6% in marrow). Functional analysis showed that the neutrophils in MDS PB could exert nearly normal physiological functions (P > 0.05), but those from AML could not as compared to healthy donors (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThere is a significant difference in the biological features between MDS and AML clonal cells.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Marrow Cells ; pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; Clone Cells ; Female ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo compare the clinical, pathological, laboratory test and follow-up data between familial and sporadic patients with distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles (DMRV) and discuss the characteristics of this disorder in Chinese population.

METHODSThe clinical and pathological features, laboratory data and follow-up results of 33 sporadic and 4 familial cases of pathologically confirmed DMRV were summarized and compared retrospectively.

RESULTSThe patients age, onset age, or disease duration showed no significant difference between sporadic and familial cases; the onset pattern and affected muscle groups were also similar, but the sporadic cases showed more frequent dysmorphic features than the familial cases. The patients showed mild to moderate elevation of the muscle enzymes by one to three folds, and the familial patients had more significant elevation than the sporadic ones. No correlation was found between the disease duration and the level of muscle enzymes. The pathological findings were similar between the cases, and Gomori staining showed rimmed vacuoles and inclusion bodies without inflammatory cell infiltration. Follow-up results of 29 cases showed no significant difference between the two groups. The disease was slowly progressive and severely affected the quality of life of the patients, but did not produce obvious effect on the life expectancy.

CONCLUSIONThe clinical, pathological and laboratory data of Chinese DMRV patients are basically similar to those of Japanese cases. Sporadic cases tend to show more dysmorphic features than the familial ones, and occasional sporadic cases have early disease onset in early childhood.

Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Distal Myopathies ; classification ; genetics ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Inclusion Bodies ; pathology ; Male ; Pedigree ; Retrospective Studies ; Vacuoles ; pathology ; Young Adult

Atrial Flutter ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male

OBJECTIVETo study the expression of FHIT protein and its potential application in diagnosing classic Hodgkin lymphoma.

METHODSImmunohistochemical study using EnVision method for FHIT tumor suppressor protein, hematopoietic stem cell markers CD133/AC133 and CD34, B-cell marker CD20, T-cell marker CD3 and oncoprotein c-erbB2 was performed on 33 cases of classic Hodgkin lymphoma.

RESULTSThirty-three of the Hodgkin lymphoma cases (90.9%) expressed FHIT protein. The antigen was mainly located in the cytoplasm, nucleus and membrane of classic Reed-Sternberg and Reed-Sternberg-like cells. Normal B and T lymphocytes, as well as their malignant counterparts, were negative for FHIT protein; whereas monocytes, histiocytes and dendritic cells were positive. All the cases studied were negative for CD133/AC133, CD34, CD3 and c-erbB-2. Two of the 33 cases showed positive staining for CD20 in some of the Reed-Sternberg cells.

CONCLUSIONThe expression of FHIT protein can be used as a useful adjunct in diagnosing classic Hodgkin lymphoma.

AC133 Antigen ; Acid Anhydride Hydrolases ; metabolism ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Antigens, CD20 ; metabolism ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Cell Nucleus ; metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cytoplasm ; metabolism ; Female ; Glycoproteins ; metabolism ; Hodgkin Disease ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism ; Peptides ; metabolism ; Reed-Sternberg Cells ; metabolism ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Objective To investigate the clinical value of preventative surgical resection in the treatment of extra-hepatic portal vein aneurysm.Methods The method of retrospective descriptive study was conducted.The clinical data of 1 patient with extra-hepatic portal vein aneurysm who was admitted to the Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA in May 2014 were collected.The patient suffered from dull pain in his epigastrium,with no obvious causative factors.The patient recieved abdominal B-ultrasound,CT scans abdominal and superior mesenteric artery,angiographies after admission in May 2014,and was diagnosed as with extra-hepatic portal vein aneurysm.The preventative surgical resection was selected according to the patient's individual health status.Extra-hepatic portal vein aneurysm resection was conducted under the guidance of intraoperative ultrasonography after abdominal exploration.A double-cavity drainage tube was placed in the venturis hole when portal vein aneurysm was dissected and removed.Then the abdomen was closed.The patient received regular perioperative management.The operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,time for diet recovery,time of drainage tube removal,postoperative complications,results of laboratory tests,results of imaging findings,healing of incision,time of postoperative discharge from hospital,results of pathologic examination and follow-up were observed.Follow-up using outpatient examination or telephone interview was performed to detect the inspect status of portal vein and inspect recurrence of portal vein aneurysm by abdominal B-ultrasound and CT examinations till December 2014.Results The patient underwent successful extra-hepatic portal vein aneurysm resection.The operation time was 85 minutes and the volume of intraoperative blood loss was around 150 mL.The patient gradually returned to normal diet and self-care ability at postoperative day 3,and the abdominal drainage tube was removed at postoperative day 3.No postoperative complications including hemorrhage,portal vein thrombosis and dysfunction of liver were detected after operation.There were normal levels of blood routine and blood biochemical test.Postoperative B-ultrasound examination showed smooth blood flow in portal vein and the abdominal blood vessel CT angiography presented clear image of the portal vein,with smooth blood flow and normal lumen.The surgical incision recovered very well and the patient was discharged from hospital at postoperative day 9.Results of postopeartive pathologic examination showed that there were cystic-like tissues with simple squamous epithelium cells on the interior,the wall of which consisted of smooth muscle was in accordance of the structure of vein.The patient didn't receive any other special treatment or take medicines postoperatively.The patient had good physical health and can take care of himself during six-month follow-up,without narrow portal vein,recurrence of portal vein aneurysm and other complications.Conclusion Preventative surgical resection is safe and feasible for extra-hepatic portal vein aneurysm,with a good efficacy.