This review snmmarized and estimated the management of cataract blindness in China recently,and introduced the purport of clinic medical economics.Based on it,it was proposed that our service system of cataract blindness could use the experiences of other countries as reference and engaged in more investigations in search of Chinese way for cataract blindness.

Child, Preschool ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; epidemiology ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Male ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Sepsis ; complications

Objective To investigate the causes,diagnostic methods,prevention and cure of postmenopausal bleeding(PMB).Methods The clinical and pathological data of 210 PMB patients admitted in this hospital were retrospectively analyzed.Results The causes for PMB were benign diseases(69.5%),the most of which were infec- tious diseases(49.5%),non-organic disease(20.5%)and malignant tumor(10.0%).Compared with benign diseases and non-organic diseases,the attack age of malignant tumor was higher[(67.1?6.9)years old],menopausal dura- tion was longer(11.6?2.9)years,bleeding duration was longer[(157.6?26.4)days],and mucous membrane was obviously thickened[(14.6?3.2)mm](P0.05).Conclusion The main cause for PMB is benign diseases,followed by non-organic diseases.More attentions should be paid to the PMB patients with higher attack age,longer menopausal duration and bleeding dura- tion,and obviously thickened mucous membrane,so as to be precautions to the occurrence of malignant tumor.

Objective To investigate the effect of different stimulating culture conditions and detecting methods on the frequency of Th17 cells and to set up and optimize the experimental method for detecting the frequencies of human Th 17 cells in peripheral blood by flow cytometry (FCM ) .Methods The peripheral blood in the healthy people was performed the stimulating culture by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) at different final concentrations(50 ,100 ,150 ,200 ,250 ,300 ng/mL) and ionomycin 1 μg/mL .The frequencies of Th17 cells were assessed by FCM after different stimulating time points (4 ,6 ,8 ,10 ,12 h) .The mean fluorescence in-tensity(MFI) and percentage of the ratio of CD4 positive cells on the cellular surface and inside cell membrane were measured be-fore and after PMA stimulation .Results The frequency of Th17 cells was highest with the good stimulation effect under the condi-tion of PMA 150 ng/mL and ionomycin1μg/mL stimulation for 6 h (P<0 .05) .MFI of CD4 inside cellular membrane after stimula-tion was lower than that in the cells with stimulation after labeling membrane surface CD 4(P<0 .05) ,and the Th17 cell frequencies and the ratio of CD4 positive cells were higher than those in the latter ,but the differences were not statistically significant (P>0 .05) .Conclusion After stimulating whole blood with the final concentration of PMA 150ng/mL and ionomycin1μg/mL for 6 h , measuring intracytoplasm CD4 and IL-17 levels is the simple and effective method for detecting the frequency of human Th 17 cells .

Objective To investigate the correlation between the expression of human leukocyte antigen B27(HLA-B27)antigen and ankylosing spondylitis(AS),and its implications for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of AS.Methods Flow cytometry was used to detect HLA-B27.354 suspected AS patients,35 patients final diagnosed with AS and 30 patients diagnosed with rheu-matoid arthritis(RA)were enrolled in the study.Results The positive rate of HLA-B27 in 354 patients with suspected AS was 22.0%,in patients diagnosed with AS was 85.7%,which was higher than the RA group(P <0.05).In AS patients,Males accoun-ted for 77.1%,females accounted for 22.9%,and the patients′age mainly concentrated in youth.The sensitivity and specificity of HLA-B27 test was 85.7% and 100.0% respectively in the diagnosis of AS.Conclusion HLA-B27 antigen detection is important for early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of AS patients.

Objective To investigate the dynamic variation of flavonoids contents in the flowers of Citrus grandis at different flowering periods. Methods The content of total flavonoids in the flowers of Citrus grandis was determined by means of ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy ,and the contents of naringin and rhoifolin were determined by HPLC. Results The content of total flavonoids in the flowers during the flower withering period ,the young fruit period ,the blossom period,and the budding period was 306.90 mg.g-1,277.93 mg.g-1,215.55 mg.g-1 and 162.74 mg.g-1 respectively. The naringin content during the above four different periods was 246.31 mg.g-1,213.93 mg.g-1,175.94 mg.g-1 and 130.90 mg.g-1 respectively. The rhoifolin content during the four periods was unchanged. Conclusion The contents of total flavonoids and naringin in flowers of Citrus grandis during flower withering period are the highest.

Adult ; Ear Neoplasms ; Eustachian Tube ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Teratoma

Objective To understand the clinical features of candidemia.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed based on the data of 88 candidemia cases treated in Huashan Hospital during the period from 2007 to 2012.The clinical data were re-viewed in terms of species distribution,underlying diseases,clinical manifestations,treatment and outcomes.The prognostic factors were analyzed by chi-square test or Fisher exact probability test.Multivariate analysis was conducted by multiple Logis-tic regression.Results Candida albicans (40/88,45.5%)was the most common pathogen isolated from these candidemia ca-ses,followed by Candida tropicalis (20/88,22.7%),Candida parapsilosis (17/88,19.3%),Candida glabrata (10/88, 11 .4%),and Candida krusei (1/88,1 .1 %).Solid malignancy,diabetes,and surgical procedure were the most frequently identified underlying diseases.Fatal or deteriorative outcome was reported in 28 cases.The attributable mortality was 18.2%. Multivariate prognostic analysis indicated that presence of central venous catheter (OR:6.322,95% CI :1 .055-37.891 ,P =0.044)was independently correlated to increased mortality.Appropriate antifungal therapy was an independent predictor of de-creased overall mortality (OR:0.137,95% CI :0.039-0.480,P =0.002).Conclusions The pathogen distribution of candi-demia has changed slightly.Appropriate antifungal therapy plays a key role in the treatment of candidemia.

Objective To explore the character of ruminant thinking individuals in cold executive functions(cool EF) and hot executive functions(hot EF).Methods According to the score of rumination response scale( RRS) ,17 low-level ruminant thinking individuals and 21 high-level ruminant thinking indi-viduals were screened out and finished the classic Stroop test.Results In the cool EF,it was consistent be-tween low-level and high-level ruminant thinking individuals for color naming task response time ((10.61± 23.20)ms vs (10.79±29.32)ms),and there was no significant difference in the classic Stroop test( t=0.21, P>0.05) .In the hot EF,the respone time of the low-level group was longer than that of high-level group on the positive and negative((-5.01±22.20)ms vs (-10.88±20.33)ms;(8.78±29.96)ms vs (-8.68±19.94) ms) ,and the main effect of the emotional Stroop interference scores between positive and negative words was highly significant(F=10.88, P<0.05) .The interactive effect of emotional Stroop interference scores of words × subjects was significant(F=5.70, P<0.05) .The simple effect tests showed that the emotional Stroop interfer-ence scores between high-level and low-level ruminant thinking subjects were significant in the negative group(F=4.69, P<0.05) .And it was also significant between positive and negative words in the low-level group(F=14.63, P<0.05).Conclusion Two types of subjects in the cold EF have no significant difference. High-level ruminant thinking individuals in the cold EF are normal,but impaired in the hot EF that meaning high-level ruminant thinking individuals had bias to negative emotion.These results provide new clues for the intervention of negative emotions caused by ruminants.

Objective To evaluate the quality of different parts of agarwood formed by stimulation with biological induction method, thus to provide evidence for agarwood quality control. Methods The identification of agarwood and the determination of alcohol extracts from agarwood were achieved by the methods of Chinese Pharmacopeia. The determination of total chromones from agarwood was achieved by ultraviolet spectrophotometry(UVS), with aquilarone E as reference substance and 760 nm as the detective wavelength. Results The UVS method was stable within 5 h and the recovery rate was 95.71%(sR=2.09%). The average alcohol extract content of the outside part of the xylem of Aquilaria sinensis(Lour.) Gilg(part B) was 109.4 mg/g,which was higher than that (100 mg/g) of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia standard. The average content of total chromones was 15.73 mg/g. The rest identification results were accorded with the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopeia. The average alcohol extract content of the inside part of the xylem(part Z) was 47.6 mg/g, and the average content of total chromones was 2.66 mg/g. The rest identification results did not reach the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopeia. Conclusion The obtained part B of the agarwood meets the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopeia, while part Z has color changed and its quality has not yet reached the requirements. The results indicated that the biological induction method impacts Aquilaria sinensis xylem from outside to inside, and then the xylem grows into agarwood gradually.