This review snmmarized and estimated the management of cataract blindness in China recently,and introduced the purport of clinic medical economics.Based on it,it was proposed that our service system of cataract blindness could use the experiences of other countries as reference and engaged in more investigations in search of Chinese way for cataract blindness.

Child, Preschool ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; epidemiology ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Male ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Sepsis ; complications

Objective To investigate the effect of different stimulating culture conditions and detecting methods on the frequency of Th17 cells and to set up and optimize the experimental method for detecting the frequencies of human Th 17 cells in peripheral blood by flow cytometry (FCM ) .Methods The peripheral blood in the healthy people was performed the stimulating culture by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) at different final concentrations(50 ,100 ,150 ,200 ,250 ,300 ng/mL) and ionomycin 1 μg/mL .The frequencies of Th17 cells were assessed by FCM after different stimulating time points (4 ,6 ,8 ,10 ,12 h) .The mean fluorescence in-tensity(MFI) and percentage of the ratio of CD4 positive cells on the cellular surface and inside cell membrane were measured be-fore and after PMA stimulation .Results The frequency of Th17 cells was highest with the good stimulation effect under the condi-tion of PMA 150 ng/mL and ionomycin1μg/mL stimulation for 6 h (P<0 .05) .MFI of CD4 inside cellular membrane after stimula-tion was lower than that in the cells with stimulation after labeling membrane surface CD 4(P<0 .05) ,and the Th17 cell frequencies and the ratio of CD4 positive cells were higher than those in the latter ,but the differences were not statistically significant (P>0 .05) .Conclusion After stimulating whole blood with the final concentration of PMA 150ng/mL and ionomycin1μg/mL for 6 h , measuring intracytoplasm CD4 and IL-17 levels is the simple and effective method for detecting the frequency of human Th 17 cells .

Objective To investigate the correlation between the expression of human leukocyte antigen B27(HLA-B27)antigen and ankylosing spondylitis(AS),and its implications for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of AS.Methods Flow cytometry was used to detect HLA-B27.354 suspected AS patients,35 patients final diagnosed with AS and 30 patients diagnosed with rheu-matoid arthritis(RA)were enrolled in the study.Results The positive rate of HLA-B27 in 354 patients with suspected AS was 22.0%,in patients diagnosed with AS was 85.7%,which was higher than the RA group(P <0.05).In AS patients,Males accoun-ted for 77.1%,females accounted for 22.9%,and the patients′age mainly concentrated in youth.The sensitivity and specificity of HLA-B27 test was 85.7% and 100.0% respectively in the diagnosis of AS.Conclusion HLA-B27 antigen detection is important for early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of AS patients.

Objective To investigate the causes,diagnostic methods,prevention and cure of postmenopausal bleeding(PMB).Methods The clinical and pathological data of 210 PMB patients admitted in this hospital were retrospectively analyzed.Results The causes for PMB were benign diseases(69.5%),the most of which were infec- tious diseases(49.5%),non-organic disease(20.5%)and malignant tumor(10.0%).Compared with benign diseases and non-organic diseases,the attack age of malignant tumor was higher[(67.1?6.9)years old],menopausal dura- tion was longer(11.6?2.9)years,bleeding duration was longer[(157.6?26.4)days],and mucous membrane was obviously thickened[(14.6?3.2)mm](P0.05).Conclusion The main cause for PMB is benign diseases,followed by non-organic diseases.More attentions should be paid to the PMB patients with higher attack age,longer menopausal duration and bleeding dura- tion,and obviously thickened mucous membrane,so as to be precautions to the occurrence of malignant tumor.

Objective To investigate the dynamic variation of flavonoids contents in the flowers of Citrus grandis at different flowering periods. Methods The content of total flavonoids in the flowers of Citrus grandis was determined by means of ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy ,and the contents of naringin and rhoifolin were determined by HPLC. Results The content of total flavonoids in the flowers during the flower withering period ,the young fruit period ,the blossom period,and the budding period was 306.90 mg.g-1,277.93 mg.g-1,215.55 mg.g-1 and 162.74 mg.g-1 respectively. The naringin content during the above four different periods was 246.31 mg.g-1,213.93 mg.g-1,175.94 mg.g-1 and 130.90 mg.g-1 respectively. The rhoifolin content during the four periods was unchanged. Conclusion The contents of total flavonoids and naringin in flowers of Citrus grandis during flower withering period are the highest.

Adult ; Ear Neoplasms ; Eustachian Tube ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Teratoma

Objective To summarize the experience of nursing cooperation for immediate breast reconstruction with the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap. Methods Twenty breast cancer patients underwent modified radical surgery with intraoperative immediate application of the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap in combination with the same period breast prosthesis for breast reconstruction. The nursing measures included preoperative preparation and mental support, intraoperative active cooperation, position care, sustaining of body temperature and strict aseptic and disease-free technology. Results All the breast cancer patients lived through breast cancer modified radical immediate breast reconstruction. No flap necrosis occurred , neither did obvious complications. The operations were satisfactory. Conclusion The key to the breast reconstruction for the breast cancer patients exists in preoperative psychological nursing , intraoperative strict aseptic and disease-free technology , the proper operation position and the correct use of instruments and equipment.

Objective To investigate the correlation between red cell distribution width RDW) and prognosis in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.Methods A total of 264 consecutive patients with severe traumatic brain injury admitted from May 2012 to November 2014 were enrolled.The patients were divided into low-RDW group (RDW ＜ 15％,n =198) and high-RDW group (RDW ≥ 15％,n =66) based on their RDW levels.Between-group differences were evaluated on general conditions,acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ),inflammatory markers [high sensitivity C-reactive proteins(hs-CRP) and arterial lactate],liver/renal dysfunction,and 28-day mortality.Spearman correlation analysis of RDW with mortality was conducted.Independent factors of 28-day mortality were identified using multivariate Logistic regression.Kaplan-Meier 28-day survival curve was analyzed and survival probability of the two groups was compared using Log-Rank test.Results The 28-day mortality was significantly enhanced in high-RDW group compared to that in lowRDW group (43.9％ vs 26.8％,P ＜ 0.01).RDW ≥ 15％ related positively to APACHE Ⅱ and mortality(r =0.172 and 0.253 respectively,P ＜ 0.01),but negatively to Glagow coma score (GCS) (r =-0.169,P ＜0.01).RDW≥ 15％ was the independent risk factor for predicting the 28-day mortality (OR =2.144,95％ CI 1.202-3.826,P ＜0.01).After adjusted gender,age,and other relative factors,RDW≥15％ was still strongly correlated with the 28-day mortality(OR =2.244,95％ CI 1.076-4.678,P ＜ 0.05).Significantly lower 28-day survival rate was found in high-RDW group than in low-RDW group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions RDW level rises beyond the normal range on admission in patients with severe traumatic brain injury,which is closely correlated with the 28-day poor outcome.RDW≥ 15％ has significant predictive value in the prognosis.

Objective To understand the clinical features of candidemia.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed based on the data of 88 candidemia cases treated in Huashan Hospital during the period from 2007 to 2012.The clinical data were re-viewed in terms of species distribution,underlying diseases,clinical manifestations,treatment and outcomes.The prognostic factors were analyzed by chi-square test or Fisher exact probability test.Multivariate analysis was conducted by multiple Logis-tic regression.Results Candida albicans (40/88,45.5%)was the most common pathogen isolated from these candidemia ca-ses,followed by Candida tropicalis (20/88,22.7%),Candida parapsilosis (17/88,19.3%),Candida glabrata (10/88, 11 .4%),and Candida krusei (1/88,1 .1 %).Solid malignancy,diabetes,and surgical procedure were the most frequently identified underlying diseases.Fatal or deteriorative outcome was reported in 28 cases.The attributable mortality was 18.2%. Multivariate prognostic analysis indicated that presence of central venous catheter (OR:6.322,95% CI :1 .055-37.891 ,P =0.044)was independently correlated to increased mortality.Appropriate antifungal therapy was an independent predictor of de-creased overall mortality (OR:0.137,95% CI :0.039-0.480,P =0.002).Conclusions The pathogen distribution of candi-demia has changed slightly.Appropriate antifungal therapy plays a key role in the treatment of candidemia.