Objectives To investigate the effect of rhEPO on newborn rats with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Meth-ods Sixty newborn Sprague-Dewley (SD) rats at the age of 48 hours were randomly divided into 5 groups:control group, NEC group, and intervention groups 1, 2 and 3 treated with rhEPO. The rats were fed rat breast milk substitutes and stressed under hypoxia and cold exposure to establish NEC model. The rats with NEC were treated with different doses of rhEPO (0.1U/ml, 1U/ml and 10U/ml) in intervention groups. The expression of Bcl-2 and caspase-3 were measured by immunohistochemistry, and intestinal pathological changes were observed using HE staining. The value of positive expression was analyzed by IOD (integral optical density) image analysis system. Results Abdominal distention, decreased activity and unresponsiveness occurred in NEC rats 24 hours after stress exposure, and pale skin, decreased skin temperature and respiratory rhythm change were observed in severe cases. The symptoms appeared later and milder in three intervention groups. The NEC incidence of newborn rats was as followings:control group(0%), model group(60%), intervention group 1( 30%), intervention group 2(18.2%), intervention group 3(9.1%) and the difference was signiifcant between each group (P=0.008). The grades of intestinal injury, the expression of active caspase-3 and Bcl-2 were signiifcantly different among groups (P<0.01). Intestinal injury was the most severe and the expression level of active caspase-3 was the highest in NEC group. After rhEPO treatment, the intestinal injury and the production of active caspase-3 protein were decreased, and the expression of Bcl-2 was increased. Conclusions Oral rhEPO could decrease the ex-pression of intestinal active caspase 3, and increase the expression of Bcl-2. The protective effect of rhEPO on NEC is dosede-pendent.

Objective To evaluate the effects of antiviral therapy in prevention of tumor recurrence after curative treatment for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Between Apr. 2006 and Jun. 2009,60 patients undergone curative treatment for HCC were enrolled in the retrospective analysis. Patients were assigned into four groups (15 each):patients in groupⅠ(serum HBV-DNA≥1.0?105copies/ml) and groupⅡ(serum HBV-DNA

Lipid droplets are the main storage organelles for intracellular neutral lipids. Many recent studies have found that lipid droplets are closely related to hepatitis C virus (HCV). Lipid droplets play important roles in the multiple processes of HCV life cycle, such as infection, replication, assembly, and secretion. In this review, we summarize the recent research progress in the roles of lipid droplets in HCV life cycle.
Animals ; Hepacivirus ; metabolism ; physiology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Lipid Metabolism ; Organelles ; virology ; Viral Proteins ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the curative effects,adverse drug reactions(ADRs)and cost—effectiveness of 3 kinds of nitroimidazole drugs for treatment of trichomonal vaginitis.METHODS:111 cases of trichomonal vaginitis were randomly divided into 3 groups,administered with metronidazol(group A),tinidazole (group B),and ornidazol(group C)respectively,the curative effects and ADRs were observed and cost-effectiveness analysis was made in all groups.RESULTS:The costs in 3 groups were 0.74 yuan,33.6 yuan and 41.2 yuan respectively.The cure rates were 59.4%,81.6%and 97.2%,respectively.The cost-effectiveness ratios were 0.01,0.41,and 0.42 respectively.The increment cost -effectiveness ratios in group B and C were 1.48 and 1.07,as compared with group A.The occurrences of ADRs were 62.2%,18.4%,and11.1%respectively.CONCLUSION:Among 3 regimes,regime C is the preferred one.

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)has high incidence rate,recurrence rate after surgecal treat-ment,as well as fatality rate in China .HCC is not sensitive to radiotherapy or chemotherapy and no effective treat-ment is available for HCC patients at advanced stage .Sorafenib is the first effective molecularly targeted drug for the treatment of HCC,which represents a milestone in the treatment of HCC .However,it also shows drug resist-ance during clinical application .Therefore,it is important to investigate the mechanism of drug resistance and its molecular markers for HCC .In this review ,we summarize the current status of the studies in these fields .

With the increasing perfection and improvement of microsurgery technique in modern ophthalmology, especially the popularization of micro-incision cataract extraction and the rise of femtosecond-laser-assisted cataract extraction, the cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation is gradually transformed from vision rehabilitation surgery into refractive surgery and people also pursue better postoperative visual experiences. However, the preoperative and postoperative corneal astigmatism is always the main factor affecting the postoperative visual effect. ln recent years, the development of design and materials of the intraocular lens ( lOL) provided necessary basic conditions for clinical application of the Toric lOL. The Toric lOL is primarily characterized by effective correction of cataract patients′postoperative corneal astigmatism, which results in the enhancement of patients′postoperative visual function. ln this paper, the design, classification and clinical application of Toric lOL were analyzed, and current problems and prospect were discussed.

Objective - （ ） To explore the influence on the diagnosis of occupational noise induced deafness ONID using three ， Methods versions of diagnostic criteria in 2002 2007 and 2014. A total of 1 766 workers who asked for ONID diagnosis were selected as the research subjects using judgment sampling method. The results of pure tone audiometry were collected. GBZ 49-2002Diagnostic Criteria of Occupational Noise-inducedHearing Loss（ The ONID was diagnosed using hereinafter referred to as GBZ 49-2002），GBZ 49-2007Diagnostic Criteria of Occupational Noise-induced Deafness（ GBZ 49-2007） hereinafter referred to as GBZ 49-2014 Diagnostic of Occupational Noise-induced Deafness（ GBZ 49-2014）， and hereinafter referred to as and the Results - - ， - diagnostic results were compared. Compared with GBZ 49 2002 and GBZ 49 2007 diagnosis with GBZ 49 2014 had （ vs ， vs ， P ）， （ vs ， a higher rate of ONID 57.9% 66.0% 44.8% 66.0% both <0.01 and had a higher rate of mild ONID 47.3% 54.6% vs ， P ） - - 36.0% 54.6% both <0.01 . The diagnostic rate for ONID using GBZ 492014 was higher than those using GBZ 49 2002 and - （ P ）Conclusion - GBZ 49 2007 in each age groups all <0.01 . GBZ 49 2014 improved the diagnostic rate of ONID compared - - with GBZ 49 2002 and GBZ 49 2007. The reason is related to the inclusion of 4 000 Hz hearing threshold with a weight of 0.1 - as the diagnostic hearing threshold and the use of a new age and gender correction method in GBZ 49 2014.

BACKGROUND: Caveolin-1, as the most important functional protein in caveolae, is involoved in a variety of cell biological processes, and is closely related to the occurrence and development of breast cancer. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of caveolin-1 on epidermal growth factor (EGF) in fibroblasts after co-cultured with breast cancer cells.METHODS: Caveolin-1 expression in fibroblast lines ESF-1 was interfered with siRNA, and the optimal effect was determined through QRT-PCR and western blot assay. (1) The optimal silencing model of ESF-1-Caveolin-1 SiRNA-N.2 was obtained, which was co-cultured with breast cancer cells BT474 as experimental group, single-cultured ESF-1 and ESF-1-Caveolin-1 SiRNA-N.2 as controls. The expression level of EGF in ESF-1 was detected by QRT-PCR at 24 and 48 hours of culture; the expression level of EGF in the culture medium was detected by ELISA at 48 and 72 hours of culture. (2) ESF-1-Caveolin-1 SiRNA-N.2 (experimental group) and ESF-1 (control group) were respectively co-cultured with BT474, and single-cultured BT474 as blank control group. The proliferation of BT474 was detected by cell counting-kit 8 assay after 24- and 48-hour culture.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The mRNA expression level of EGF in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the other two groups (P < 0.05), and the EGF expression level in the ESF-1-Caveolin-1 SiRNA-N.2 group was significantly higher than that in the ESF-1 group (P < 0.05). The protein expression level of EGF was ranked as follows: experimental group > ESF-1-Caveolin-1 SiRNA-N.2 group > ESF-1 group (P < 0.05). The proliferation of BT474 cells was significantly increased after co-cultured with BT474 cells and ESF-1 siRNA Caveolin-1 cells, especially with BT474 cells (P < 0.05). Our findings suggest that Caveolin-1 siRNA can promote the expression of EGF in fibroblasts, especially co-cultured with breast cancer cells. Furthermore, caveolin-1 siRNA accelerates the proliferation of breast cancer cells after co-cultured with fibroblasts.

Objective To study the preventive effects of vitamin K2 on tumor recurrence in patients with hepatocellalar carcinoma (HCC) after radical resection. Methods The clinical data of 50 patients with HCC who received radical resection from March 2006 to March 2007 in No. 181 Hospital of PLA were analyzed retrospec-tively. All the patients were divided into 2 groups according to the random number table. Twenty-six patients in vitamin K2 group were administered with menatetrenone (45 mg per day), and the rest 24 pateints were in the control group. The accumulative and tumor-free survival rates, differences between the 2 groups, multivariate factors for prognosis were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier curve, Log-rank test and Cox regression model, respectively. Results During a period of 36 month follow-up, 10 patients died and 28 had tunor recurrence. The 1-, 2-, 3-year accumulative survival rates were 96%, 92% and 83% in vitamin K2 group, and 96%, 82% and 63% in control group (χ2 = 3.61, P > 0.05). The 1-, 2-, 3-year tumor-free survival rates were 92%, 60% and 38% in vitamin K2 group, and 75%, 42% and 12% in control group, with significant difference between the 2 groups (χ2 =5.61, P <0.05). Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that without taking menate-trenone, the preoperative level of alpha fetoprotein (AFP) ≥800 μg/L and vascular invasion were the indepen-dent risk factors for tumor recurrence. Conclusions Vitamin K2 has a suppressive effect on tumor recurrence of HCC, while patients with AFP≥800 μg/L before operation or with vascular invasion have poor prognosis.

The nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key protein of endogenous antioxidant defense systems in the body. In response to oxidative stress, Nrf2 translocates to nucleus and binds to antioxidant response elements (ARE), regulating the expression of a large amounts of antioxidant genes and maintaining a proper redox balance. The pathological processes of neurodegenerative diseases are associated with generation of reactive oxygen species, which cause oxidative stress. Oxidative stress plays a cardinal role in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Nrf2-inducer compounds can reduce oxidant stress and have shown therapeutic efficacy in many neurodegenerative disease models. How to activate the Nrf2 signaling pathway effectively has been received much attention. Here we provided an overview of specific mechanism of Nrf2-ARE pathway and the protective effects of Nrf2 in different neurodegenerative diseases, and summarized the Nrf2 activators recently in preclinical study.
Antioxidants ; physiology ; Humans ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ; physiology ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction