Acute and chronic graft rejection are the major factors leading to graft non-function.There is an active expression of chemokines early after transplantation.They recruit T cells and antigen presenting cells selectively to the graft, leading to inflammatory reaction and finally to graft non-function.Accordingly,monitoring the expression status of chemokines and their receptors regularly may help to the diagnose rejection.To determine one or more chemokines or their receptors as the new targets for anti-rejection therapy will be of great clinical significance.This review focuses on the research progression in the above areas.

Objective To determine the significance and expression of S100A9 and NMP238 in cervical carcinoma with different concurrent chemoradiotherapy sensitivities. Methods Fresh carcinoma tissues were collected from untreated cervical carcinoma patients and preserved at -80 ℃. The tissues were classified into 2 groups:a high sensitivity group (HS) and a low sensitivity group(LS) according to their response to concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Protein was separated by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). Peptide mass fingerprintings (PMF) were acquired by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and the proteins were identified by data searching in the Mascot-database. Differential expressed proteins were assayed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry.Results Most of the gels were clear and were successfully and reproductively analyzed. Intensity and rate of S100A9 expression were higher in the HS group than in the LS group,and those of NMP238 expression were higher in the LS group than in the HS group. Conclusion S100A9 and NMP238 expression is associated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy sensitivity in cervical carcinoma.

Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Dimethylamines ; analysis ; Methylamines ; analysis ; Workplace

Animals ; Diet ; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated ; administration & dosage ; Insulin Resistance ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; Rats

It is held by some of the researches that the "16 collaterals" is composed of the "15 collaterals" and "the major collateral of stomach". And it is included into the textbook that Xuli, the major collateral of stomach, is the pulsation point at the cardiac region. Xuli is often explained as the empty portion of the human body by many researches. Through analysis and summarization of the related theory of the major collateral of stomach, the above mentioned opinion is discussed. And the understanding on the major collateral of stomach is deepened. As a result, it is concluded that count the major collateral of stomach into the 16 collaterals together with the 15 collaterals is inadvisable. The real pulsation point at the cardiac region locates under the left breast. And the real meaning of Xuli is "extending in all directions".
Acupuncture ; history ; China ; Collateral Circulation ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Meridians ; Stomach ; blood supply

Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Male ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; methods

Objective To make students at different levels not only learn theoretical knowledge of acupuncture-moxibustion manipulation skills but also achieve full operating training, strengthen the combination of theory and practice and improve the teaching quality of clinical disciplines by applyingmultimedia-subject participationteaching method to acupuncture-moxibustion manipulation techniques in the experimental teaching of acupuncture and moxibustion. Method The students were randomized, according to grade, into experiment (n=114) and control (n=115) groups. The teaching content was the same in the two groups. The experiment group received multimedia-subject participationteaching method. After the multimedia teaching, the students did an independent demonstration and made a self-evaluation, the teachers made a comment and the students did independent practice again in groups. The control group received conventional theory teaching and did practice under demonstration in the experimental lesson. The examination and questionnaire were used as assessment indicators to evaluate the effect ofmultimedia-subject participationteaching method applied to acupuncture-moxibustion technique teaching. Result Statistical analysis was made using the SPSS11.5 statistical software package. The independent samples t-test is used for a between-groups comparison. The statistical result showed that satisfaction was 100%in the experiment group and 75.7%in the control group;there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Multimedia-subject participationteaching method is an innovation in acupuncture-moxibustion technique teaching and helps the students to better master acupuncture-moxibustion manipulation skills. Mastery of theoretical knowledge before real practice is the key to proficient manipulation. The combination of the two in classroom teaching yields twice the result with half the effort. Carrying out multimedia-subject participation teaching method will help to further deepen the teaching reform and to improve the level and quality of“Acupuncture and Moxibustion”teaching.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on oxidative stress of hyperlipidemic fatty liver in rats.

METHODSeventy-two SD rats were randomly divided into six groups, namely the normal control group (NG), the model group (MG), the G. lucidum polysaccharides groups of low, middle and high dose (GLPs-LG, GLPs-MG, GLPs-HG) and the Simvastatin group (SV). The rats were fed with high fat diet to establish the model of hyperlipidemic fatty liver in rats. After administration for 12 weeks, rats in each group were tested with the following indexes: total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in serum as well as the contents of SOD, MDA, GSH-Px and T-AOC in hepatic tissues. Histopathological changes of hepatic tissues were observed under light glass.

RESULTSThe contents of TC, TG and LDL-C were significantly increased in the model group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, both the GLPs-M group and the GLPs-H group showed significant decreases in TC, TG and LDL-C (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), while the GLPs-H group showed a notable increase in HDL-C (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, both the GLPs-M group and the GLPs-H group showed significant decreases in MDA (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) and notable increases in SOD, GSH-Px, T-AOC (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The GLPs-M group and the GLPs-H group proved a remarkable alleviation in fatty degeneration of hepatic cells.

CONCLUSIONG. lucidum polysaccharides can significantly reduce the blood fat level of hyperlipidemic fatty liver in rats and effectively inhibit oxidant stress, showing the effect on preventing and treating hyperlipidemic fatty liver in rats to some extent.

Animals ; Antioxidants ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Fatty Liver ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; blood ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Polysaccharides ; administration & dosage ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reishi ; chemistry ; Triglycerides ; blood

The goal of this study is to investigate the population pharmacokinetics of oral tacrolimus in Chinese renal transplant patients and to identify possible relationship between covariates and population parameters. Details of drug dosage history, sampling time and concentration of 802 data points in 58 patients were collected retrospectively. Before analysis, the 58 patients were randomly allocated to either the model building group (n=41) or the validation group (n=17). Population pharmacokinetic data analysis was performed using the nonlinear mixed-effects model (NONMEM) program on the model building group. The pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus was best described by a one compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination. Typical values of apparent clearance (CL/F), apparent volume of distribution (V/F) were estimated. A number of covariates including demographic index, clinical index and coadministration of other drugs were evaluated statistically for their influence on these parameters. The final population model related clearance with POD (post operative days), HCT (haematocrit), AST (aspartate aminotransferase) and coadministration of nicardipine and diltiazem. Predictive performance of the final model evaluated with the validation group showed insignificant bias between observed and model predicted concentrations. Typical value of CL/F and V/F was 21.7 L x h(-1) and 241 L, inter-patient variability (RSD) in CL/F and V/F was 41.6% and 49.7%, respectively. The residual variability (SD) between observed and model-predicted concentrations was 2.19 microg x L(-1). The population pharmacokinetic model of tacrolimus in Chinese renal transplant patients was established and significant covariates on the tacrolimus model were identified.
Administration, Oral ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Kidney Transplantation ; Male ; Metabolic Clearance Rate ; Middle Aged ; Models, Statistical ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Retrospective Studies ; Tacrolimus ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo develop a transparent, non-toxic, non-irritating anti-fogging agent with long-lasting effect for nasal endoscopy.

METHODSThe anti-fogging agent was prepared by mixing ethanol, propylene glycol, polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, sodium dodecyl sulfate, polyethylene glycol 400 and deionized water at different proportions based on an orthogonal test design. Twenty-seven test samples of the anti-fogging agents were obtained, which were colorless, transparent, and non-irritating, with a pH value of 7-8. Storz00 nasal endoscopy and its imaging system were used to test the anti-fogging time of the 27 samples, and each agent was tested for 3 times with medical Seoul iodine and 95% ethanol as control.

RESULTSThe optimal composition of the anti-fogging agent was 20% ethanol, 10% propylene glycol, 20% polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, 4% sodium dodecyl sulfate, 4% polyethylene glycol, 42% deionized water. The anti-fogging time of this agent reached 15 min, significantly longer than that of medical Seoul iodine (4 min) and 95% ethanol (18 s).

CONCLUSIONThis anti-fogging agent for nasal endoscopes is colorless and safe and has a long anti-fogging time by forming a homogenous transparent membrane over the endoscopic lens.

Endoscopes ; Endoscopy ; methods ; Ethanol ; Nose ; surgery ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ; Solutions ; chemistry