Using of clearing zones on pachyman agar medium, there are 217 plant endophytic actinomycetes, producing ?-1,3-glucanase were screened. 45.6% of the strains produced ?-1,3-glucanase, in which the strains from cucumber are up to 38. The percentages of endophytic actinomycetes from different hosts produceing ?-1,3-glucanases were different. The percentage of the strains in Rhizoma Polygonatum produced ?-1,3-glucanases is the highest, up to 88.9%. The Inhibited effects of plant endophytic actinomycetes which produced extracellular ?-1,3-glucanases on mycelium growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were detected in vitro. Cucumber endophytic actinomycete gCLA4 strain was screened out from 99 isolates, which can strongly inhibit the growth of S. sclerotiorum. The optimal ?-1,3-glucanases fermentation conditions of strain gCLA4 were investigated, they were pachyman 0.2%, peptone as nitrogen, pH 7～8 for 5 days. The ?-1,3-glucanases of strain gCLA4 had some inhibiting efficiency on 13 plant pathogens, in which inhibiting efficiency to Botryosphaeria dothidea was the strongest.

Antigens, Neoplasm ; metabolism ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Calbindin 2 ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; metabolism ; Claudins ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; metabolism ; Mucin-1 ; metabolism ; Pleural Effusion, Malignant ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Receptor, trkA ; metabolism ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein G ; metabolism

Problem based learning(PBL) pedagogy has been widely used in medical teaching process.But how to best use and develop PBL teaching,many universities try actively.According to PBL philosophy and the disciplines characteristics,the department of Pathophysiology in Central South University designed and carried out CPBL(Case and Problem Based Learning,CPBL) pedagogy.From the perspective of students,the authors have compared the CPBL pedagogy with PBL pedagogy in other academies,and make some positive recommendations.

Female ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; physiology ; Humans ; Papillomavirus Infections ; complications ; Risk Factors ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; etiology ; pathology ; virology ; Virus Integration ; genetics ; physiology

Objective To study the correlation between the cytochrome P450 3A5 gene polymorphism and essential hypertension (EH) in Chinese population .Methods The real-time PCR genotyping at CYP3A5*3(6986A>G) position was established using Taqman minor groove binding (MGB) probes .Total 170 EH patients and 193 matched controls of Chinese Han population were genotyped at CYP3A5*3(6986A>G) position using this method .Results The GG ,GA ,AA genotyped frequencies were 51 .2% , 42 .4% and 6 .5% for the EH patients and 39 .9% ,50 .8% and 9 .3% for the control group respectively .The risk of EH for person carrying GG genotype was 1 .579 fold of the persons carrying at least one A allele(95% CI:1 .041-2 .395) .Conclusion CYP3A5*3(6986A>G) polymorphism may be associated with EH in Chinese population .The risk of EH is decreased in the persons carrying allele A ,slightly lower levels of systolic blood pressure exists .

Quantitative NMR (qNMR) is a technology based on the principle of NMR. This technology does not need the references of the determined components, which supplies a solution for the problem of reference scarcity in the quantitative analysis of traditional Chinese medicines. Moreover, this technology has the advantages of easy operation, non-destructiveness for the determined sample, high accuracy and repeatability, in comparison with HPLC, LC-MS and GC-MS. NMR technology has achieved quantum leap in sensitivity and accuracy with the development of NMR hardware. In addition, the choice of appropriate experimental parameters of the pre-treatment and measurement procedure as well as the post-acquisition processing is also important for obtaining high-quality and reproducible NMR spectra. This review summarizes the principle of qHNMR, the various experimental parameters affecting the accuracy and the precision of qHNMR, such as signal to noise ratio, relaxation delay, pulse width, acquisition time, window function, phase correction and baseline correction, and their corresponding optimized methods. Moreover, the application of qHNMR in the fields of quantitation of single or multi-components of traditional Chinese medicines, the purity detection of references, and the quality analysis of foods has been discussed. In addition, the existing questions and the future application prospects of qNMR in natural product areas are also presented.
Biological Products ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; methods ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Reproducibility of Results

As the national key discipline and the best national course,the department of pathophysiology in Central South University has carried out a series of teaching reforms in order to improve the students' innovative ability.In this article,the authors,five-year system medical students of Xiangya School of Medicine,make a research on students' view of these reforms,aiming at analyzing the effects of these reforms correctly and put forward some suggestions on the basis of their own study experiences.

Formula granule of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been characterized as a safe medication with the advantages of accurate dosage and easy to carry.In this study,references over current status of the development of TCM formula granule were retrieved,so were those of the market situation and its application to intelligent pharmacy of TCM.Then the key problems restricting the development of the application of TCM granules were discussed,in hope of providing a reference for the development and its application to the intelligent pharmacy of TCM.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation between vascular endothelial function and aortic compliance in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS) and hypertension. METHODS A total of 103 OSAHS cases were divided into simple OSAHS group(n=55) and OSAHS complicated with hypertension group(n=48, OSAHS+HT group). 20 patients with simple hypertension were included into the hypertension group, and 20 healthy people served as controls. Vascular endothelial function was evaluated by detecting flow mediated dilation of the brachial artery(FMD) with color Doppler; the changes of aortic compliance in patients were detected by echocardiography. RESULTS The FMD, aortic tension and aortic distensibility index levels of OSAHS with hypertension group were significantly lower than the normal control group, hypertension group and OSAHS group(P<0.05); The aortic stiffness index level of OSAHS hypertension group was significantly higher than the normal group, the high blood pressure group and OSAHS group(P<0.05); Analysis of Spearman correlation coefficient of patients in OSAHS with hypertension group found aortic FMD were positively correlated with aortic stiffness index, negatively correlated with aortic tension index and aortic expansion; The aortic FMD, aortic tension, swelling index and aortic stiffness index in OSAHS hypertension group had positive correlation with AHI (P<0.05), and negative correlation with LSaO2(P<0.05). CONCLUSION OSAHS is associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction and decreased aortic compliance. When combined with hypertension, vascular endothelial function and aortic compliance will be significantly affected. The severity of OSAHS was closely related to the decrease of vascular endothelial function and the changes of aortic compliance.

Objective: To unveil the efficacy of Shaolin internal qigong exercise in treating capsulitis of the shoulder (CS) and explore objective outcome measures by observing the changes in the surface electromyography (sEMG) signals of shoulder muscle groups after regular practice of Shaolin internal qigong exercise in CS patients. Methods: Sixty CS patients were randomized into two groups by the random number table method, with 30 cases in each group. Patients in the qigong group practiced Shaolin internal qigong exercise on a regular basis, while patients in the electroacupuncture (EA) group received EA treatment. Before and after treatment, the sEMG signals of six muscles, i.e. biceps brachii, triceps brachii, deltoid, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi and trapezius muscles, of the affected side were recorded at 45° abduction of the shoulder, 60° forward flexion and 90° internal rotation with the elbow flexed during maximal isometric contraction, and the integrated electromyography (iEMG) of each muscle was calculated. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3％ in the qigong group, higher than 83.3％ in the EA group (P<0.05). Intra-group comparison showed that the iEMG of biceps brachii, triceps brachii, pectoralis major and deltoid muscles in the qigong group increased significantly after intervention at 45° abduction of the shoulder, 60° forward flexion and 90° internal rotation with the elbow flexed (all P<0.05), and the iEMG of trapezius and latissimus dorsi muscles decreased (both P<0.05); in the EA group, the iEMG of biceps brachii, pectoralis major and deltoid muscles increased significantly during contraction (all P<0.05), while the iEMG of triceps brachii, trapezius and latissimus dorsi muscles had no significant changes (all P>0.05). After intervention, there were significant differences in the iEMG of most of muscles between the two groups (all P<0.05), except for the iEMG of deltoid muscle at 45° of abduction of the shoulder joint during isometric contraction (P>0.05). Conclusion: Shaolin internal qigong exercise can effectively increase the motion intensity of the biceps brachii, triceps brachii, pectoralis major and deltoid muscles and reduce the compensation of the latissimus dorsi and trapezius muscles in CS patients; compared with EA, it produces a better result in improving the coordination and stability in shoulder joint movements.