This paper discussed the differences in teaching arrangement,material construction,teaching pattern, and teaching methods been used in medical microbiology teaching between China and the United State.

PBL is a modern model of classroom teaching. We have introduced it into the teaching of Microbiology. As a result, the students’ learning abilities have been raised to a higher level, and their learning autonomy and achievement have been improved. The combination of PBL method with traditional teaching methods achieved a good effect.

In the reform of medical microbiology education on medical students of 8-year-education pro-gram, we compared the traditional teaching methods with Problem Based Learning (PBL) method. Through our practice, we have found that the combination of traditional lecture-based learning and PBL seems to better match the students’ way of learning. The lack of basic knowledge of the students hindered their learn-ing effect during the bilateral discussion in the PBL education. We also found that the application of PBL in medical microbiology education is an iterative process and should be promoted step by step. The theoretical level and the innovative ideas of the teachers play a crucial role in the dynamic process of education reform.

Animals ; Calcitriol ; pharmacology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; complications ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; Liver ; drug effects ; Liver Diseases ; complications ; drug therapy ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Proteomics is an emerging discipline developed on the basis of genomics.The fundamental techniques of proteomics include sample preparation,protein separation,protein identification and analysis,and its core techniques are two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry.In recent years,proteomics has been used in researching the field of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB).Proteomics promotes deep understanding of the pathogenesis of MTB and resistance mechanism via isolating,identifying and analyzing the whole-cell protein and secreted proteins.The development of new vaccine against MTB has showed some promising results based on proteomics.Some powerful early diagnostic markers have been discovered via analyzing the protein composition of MTB clinical isolates.Proteomics also applies to find potential new drug targets,and it has shown many valuable research productions in developing new an-ti-MTB drugs.In summary,the application of proteomics has built a solid foundation for the development of prevention,early diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis.

Objective To evaluate the value of serum creatinine(Scr),creatinine clearance (Ccr),MDRD equation 7(MDRD 7),~(99)Tc~m-DTPA renal dynamic imaging(gGFR)and cystatin C in screening changed glomerular filtration function in type 2 diabetic patients.Methods The ~(99)Tc~m-Diethylene Triamine Pentaacetic Acid(~(99)Tc~m-DTPA)plasma clearance(rGFR)obtained with the dual plasma sampling method was used as a reference with which Scr,Ccr,MDRD 7,gGFR and Cystatin C were compared.Results Sixty of type 2 diabetic patients were selected,including 35 male and 25 female.The average age was(62.4?11.7)years and the average diabetic history was(10.66?9.35)years.Scr,Ccr, MDRD 7,gGFR were all correlated significantly with rGFR.Correlation coefficients were 0.675 for Ccr, -0.588 for Cystatin C,-0.500 for Scr,O.428 for MDRD 7,0.367 for gGFR(P values all

Animals ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; Kidney ; microbiology ; pathology ; Leptospira interrogans ; isolation & purification ; pathogenicity ; Leptospirosis ; microbiology ; pathology ; Liver ; microbiology ; pathology ; Lung ; microbiology ; pathology ; Male ; Time Factors

Objective To investigate the effects of different Leptospira strains on phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages of guinea pigs,and explore the role of innate immune in the pathogenesis of leptospirosis. Methods Peritoneal macrophages of guinea pigs were infected in vitro by three different Leptospira strains,the virulent Leptospira interrogans serovar Lai type strain Lai,the avirulent L.interrogans serovar Lai type strain IPAV,and the nonpathogenic L.biflexa serovar Patoc type strain PatocⅠ,respectively,and heat inactivated Staphylococcus epidermidis was added 0.5,1.5,3 and 6 h after infection and incubated for 30 min.The effect of Leptospira on the phagocytosis of macrophage was evaluated by the inactivated Staphylococcus epidermidis phagocytosis rate and phagocytosis index.Phagocytosis and ultrastructure of peritoneal macrophages were observed by transmission electron microscopy 3 h after infection,and changes of cytoskeleton of the macrophages were observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Results The phagocytic rates and phagocytic indexes of strain Lai,strain IPAV and strain PatocⅠinfection groups were significantly lower than those of control group 3 h and 6 h after infection(P

This study is to investigate effects of genistein on rat femoral bone metabolic in vitro. Rat femoral tissues was isolated and randomly divided into two groups including control group and genistein (1 x 10(-5) mol x(-1)) group. Determinations of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium content and osteoprotegerin (OPG), type I-collagen (Collagen-I), RANKL, Runx-2 and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2) mRNA expression were done by real-time PCR. The results showed that 1 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1) genistein could increase the activity of ALP and contents of Ca, regulate bone metabolism activity of OPG, RANKL, BMP-2, Collagen-I and Runx-2 mRNA expression level. Genistein can significantly modulate bone metabolism related gene expression level of rat femoral tissue in vitro, and can increase calcium content and the activity of ALP.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Collagen Type I ; genetics ; metabolism ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit ; genetics ; metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; drug effects ; Femur ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genistein ; pharmacology ; Osteoprotegerin ; genetics ; metabolism ; Phytoestrogens ; pharmacology ; RANK Ligand ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of THY1 protein expression in epithelial ovarian cancer.

METHODSImmunohistochemistry (IHC) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) staining were used to detect the protein expression of THY1, Ki67 and cell apoptosis in 76 epithelial ovarian cancers by tissue microarray. The correlation between THY1 expression and patients' clinical features was analyzed.

RESULTSOf the 76 epithelial ovarian cancer samples, 64 were informative for IHC and TUNEL assays and 42 (65.6%) among them showed down-regulated/loss expression of THY1 protein. A significant positive correlation of THY1 protein expression with clinical stage and distant metastasis was observed in this ovarian cancer cohort (P < 0.05). The more advanced the tumor stage, the more frequency of loss expression of THY1 protein. In addition, the mean positive rate of Ki67 staining in tumors with down-regulated/loss expression of THY1 was 33.7% +/- 3.5%, significantly higher than that in the tumors with normal expression of THY1 (17.3% +/- 6.1%, P = 0.0027). However, no significant correlation was observed between THY1 protein expression and tumor cell apoptosis as well as patients' survival in this series (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONDown-regulated/loss expression of THY1 protein in epithelial ovarian cancer is significantly correlated with cancer cell proliferation and metastasis in the epithelial ovarian cancer, and it may be used as one of the new molecular biomarkers to predict the disease progression in patients.

Adult ; Aged ; Apoptosis ; Cystadenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous ; metabolism ; pathology ; Down-Regulation ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Ki-67 Antigen ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Staging ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Survival Rate ; Thy-1 Antigens ; metabolism