Child, Preschool ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Tuberculosis, Miliary

Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Male ; Myiasis ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficacy and safety of peginterferon alfa-2a (Peg-IFNa-2a) therapy for treating chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in patients who failed to achieve a satisfactory end point with entecavir (ETV) treatment.

METHODSFifty-seven CHB patients with positivity for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) who had completed a standard ETV monotherapy course, of at least 96 weeks, and who had achieved a virological response (defined as HBV DNA less than 500 copies/ml) but without HBeAg seroconversion (defined as 0.227 PEI U/ml less than HBeAg less than or equal to 50 PEI U/ml) were enrolled in the study. The patients were randomly assigned to receive a 48-week treatment with Peg -IFNa-2a (experimental group, n = 27) or continued ETV therapy (control group, n = 30). Serum samples were collected from all patients for assessment of biochemical, virological and serological responses to treatment. Inter-group differences were statistically evaluated by t-test or Chi-squared test.

RESULTSThe baseline levels of alanine aminotransferase, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and HBeAg were similar between the patients comprising the experimental and controls groups. At treatment week 48, the experimental group showed significantly higher rates of HBeAg clearance (Peg-IFNa-2a: 40.7% vs. ETV: 16.7%, x2 = 4.079, P less than 0.05) and seroconversion (37.0% vs. 13.3%, x2 = 5.110, P less than 0.05). The experimental group also showed higher rates of HBsAg clearance (7.4% vs. 0%) and HBV DNA relapse (11.1% vs. 0%), but the differences did not reach statistical significance (x2 = 2.307 and 3.519, both P more than 0.05). However, the level of HBsAg was significantly lower in the experimental group (2866.0+2580.4 vs. 4335.8+2650.0 IU/ml, t = 5.11, P less than 0.05).

CONCLUSIONHBeAg-positive CHB patients with unsatisfactory response to initial ETV monotherapy achieved HBeAg seroconversion and clearance following sequential Peg-IFN a-2a treatment.

Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Guanine ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polyethylene Glycols ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Prospective Studies ; Recombinant Proteins ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective:To explore the traits of functional connectivity of resting-state networks in patients of schizophrenia with auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) by using independent component analysis (ICA).Methods:All patients were met the Diagnostic and Statistical Mannal of Mental Disorders,Fourth Edition,Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia.Thirty schizophrenia patients with frequent AVH (AVH),24 schizophrenia patients without AVH (non-AVH) and 60 healthy controls (HC) matching with age and gender were analyzed by resting functional magnetic resonance imaging.The AVH were assessed by using Hoffman auditory hallucination scale.By using ICA,auditory network (AUN),language network (LAN),salience network (SAN),right front-parietal network (RFP) and default mode network (DMN) were selected as interesting networks for further analyses.Covariance analysis was used to compare the activity and functional connectivity of multiple resting state networks between three groups,and correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relations between abnormalities of brain and the severity of hallucination.Results:Compared to non-AVH,AVH group showed increased activity in left superior temporal gyrus (STG) and left postcentral gyrus (LPG) in the AUN,and showed decreased activity in right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in the SAN (P ＜ 0.05,FDR corrected).The severity of AVH group was associated with activity of the left STG (r =0.43,P ＜0.05) and the right ACC (r =-0.48,P ＜0.01).Furthermore,compared to non-AVH group,there were decreased connectivity between LAN and AUN [(-0.29 ±0.21) vs.(-0.16 ± 0.17),P ＜ 0.05,uncorrected],decreased connectivity between SAN and LAN [(-0.09 ± 0.22) vs.(-0.06 ± 0.18),P ＜ 0.05,uncorrected],increased connectivity between SAN and AUN [(0.30 ± 0.18) vs.(0.15 ± 0.24),P ＜ 0.05,uncorrected] in AVH group.Conclusion:There may be aberrant functional connectivities of AUN,LAN and SAN in schizophrenia patients with frequent AVH,and the occurrence of AVH seems to be related to brain areas involved in language production,speech perception and self-monitoring.

ObjectiveThis clinical study is aimed to investigate whether levetiracetam (LEV) can improve electrocorticogram (EEG) in epileptic children epilepsy patients with better clinical manifestation but abnormal EEG findings.MethodsTotally 39 children from our neurological clinic with partial or complex partial epilepsy seizure were included in present study and assigned equally into three groups receiving different treatment:control group,sodium valproate (VPA) group,and LEV group.Their clinical symptoms had been controlled for over one year by carbamazepine ( CBZ),but EEG results showed clearly abnormal.Epileptiform discharges were observed in routine EEG exams half a month before recruiting.After recruiting,they continued to receive CBZ alone (control group) or co-treated with VPA ( VPA group) or LEV (LEVgroup),respectively.Six months later,EEG was taken again and results were analyzed.ResultsImprovement rate were 9.1％ ( control group),23.1％ ( VPA group),and 66.7％ (LEV group),respectively;Overall statistical difference was reached among three groups ( P＜0.01 ) and between control group and LEV group( P＜0.012 5 ),but no statistical difference between control group and VPA group was reached ( P＞0.0125).ConclusionCo-treatment of LEV in child epilepsy patients receiving CBZ can significantly decrease abnormal EEG discharge frequency during interictal period.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Epistaxis ; therapy ; Female ; Gloves, Protective ; Hemostatic Techniques ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective Application of the second metatarpophalangeal joint by traction prolong trans- plant repair the defects in the metacarpophalangeal joint,reconstruct the function of it.Methods By means of the apparatus to prolong finger in advance,then transplant the second metatarpophalangeal joint to recon- struct metacarpophalangeal joint for seven cases of obsolete defects in the metacarpophalangeal joint.Results The average of finger prolong was 2.6 cm,consultation from 1 to 4 years.average 2.5 years,thai the trans- plant joints have all survived and osteal concrescence.Through the criterion Chinese Medical Association,good rate was 85.7%. Conclusion It' s a good method to repair obsolete defects in the metacarpophalangeal joint by transplant traction prolong of the second metatarpophalangeal joint.

Animals ; Artemisinins ; pharmacology ; Cricetinae ; Leishmania donovani ; drug effects ; Male ; Mesocricetus ; Sesquiterpenes ; pharmacology

Objective To investigate iodine deficiency disorders(IDD) in Chongqing and Linzhi, and to provide scientific basis for IDD control and prevention. Methods According to the national program developed in 2007, investigation was conducted in Chengkou and Wuxi county in Chongqing municipality, and Linzhi, Bomi,Milin and Langxian county in Linzhi prefecture. Five towns were sampled in Linzhi county, and 3 in other counties.In each town, one township primary school and two village primary schools were selected to inspect thyroid by B ultrasound and palpation, and urinary iodine of children aged 8 to 10 years was tested in these schools. Meanwhile,2 villages were selected in each town for test of salt iodine level and urinary iodine of childbearing age women and search cretin cases. Results Three hundred and forty families in Chongqing and 915 families in Linzhi were investigated. The coverage of iodized salt in Chongqing was 98.82%(336/340), which was significantly higher than that in Linzhi[66.34%(607/905), x2 = 139.56, P ＜ 0.01]. Goiter rate of children in Chongqing was 9.27%(89/960) by palpation and 8.34% (61/731) by B ultrasound, while goiter rate of children in Linzhi was 7.80%(102/1308) by palpation and 5.53% (69/1248) by B ultrasound. The difference of goiter rate by palpation between Chongqing and Linzhi was not statistically significant (x2 = 1.37, P ＞ 0.05 ). But goiter rate of children by B ultrasound in Chongqing was higher than that in Linzhi (x2= 5.51, P ＜ 0.05). In Chongqing, the median urinary iodine was 319.15 μg/L, and 345.75 μg/L in Chengkou county and 281.39 μg/L in Wuxi county. In Linzhi prefecture, the median urinary iodine was 189.81 μg/L, and 207.81 μg/L in Linzhi county, 161.12 μg/L in Bomi county, 131.83 μg/L in Milin county and 334.60 μg/L in Langxian county. The median urinary iodine in childbearing women were 248.42 μg/L in Chongqing and 121.25 μg/L in Linzhi. The median urinary iodine in Chongqing both in children and women were higher than those in Linzhi. No new cretin case was found in these two areas. Conclusions Goiter rate in high risk areas of IDD in Chongqing and Linzhi has decreased to less than 10%.No new cretin case is found in these areas. It can be concluded that the work of control and prevention is effective.There is excess iodine in Chongqing. In Linzhi county and Langxian county, iodine is excess in children and deficient in women. Further investigation should be conducted to find out the reason. Population iodine is excess in Bomi and Milin counties. The concentration of salt iodine should be decreased in Chongqing. In Linzhi prefecture,adding iodine measures should be adjusted based on further investigation.

To study the effect of liquiritin (Liq) on the transport of strychnine (Str) in Caco-2 cell monolayer model, the transport parameters of Str, such as apparent permeability coefficient (P app (B-->A) and P app (A-->B)) and cumulative transport amount (TRcum), were determined and comparatively analyzed when Str was used solely and co-used with Liq. The effect of drug concentrations, conveying times, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor verapamil and conveying liquor pH values on the transport of Str were also investigated. The results indicated that the absorption of Str in Caco-2 cell monolayer model was well and the passive transference was the main intestinal absorption mechanism of Str in the Caco-2 monolayer model, along with the excretion action mediated by P-gp. Liq enhanced the absorption of Str. Meanwhile, conveying liquor pH value had significant influence on the excretion transport of Str.
ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Absorption ; drug effects ; Biological Transport ; drug effects ; Caco-2 Cells ; Flavanones ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Glucosides ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Glycyrrhiza uralensis ; chemistry ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Permeability ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Strychnine ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Strychnos nux-vomica ; chemistry ; Verapamil ; pharmacology