Stroke is characterized by a group of acute cerebral vascular diseases which attack acutely with focal neurological deficits. Residual motor deficits often sojourn after stroke. Cortical stimulation, which is a technique developed many decades ago, has recently re-emerged as a promising method for researchers in their quest to causally probe cortical representations of sensorimotor and cognitive functions and to facilitate the treatment of various neuropsychiatric disorders. The article summarizes the research progress of cortical stimulation in the promotion of motor function recovery after stroke, the method of operation, the possible mechanisms and the prospect.

Objective: To evaluate the quality of Zidan Huoxue Tablets (ZHT) based on HPLC fingerprint and multi-component content determination combined with chemical pattern recognition method. Methods: ACE Neptune-C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used with acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was 275 nm and the column temperature was 25 ℃. A total of 18 batches of ZHT was analyzed, and the quality of ZHT was evaluated by the similarity evaluation system of traditional Chinese medicine chromatographic fingerprints combined with cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Results: The fingerprint of ZHT was established. Twenty-six common peaks were identified and nine of them were identified, including 2-sodium danshensu, 8-rosmarinic acid, 9-lithospermic acid, 10-salvianolic acid B, 12-salvianolic acid A, 21-dihydrotanshinone I, 22-cryptotanshinone, 23-tanshinone I, and 25-tanshinone IIA. The similarity of fingerprints of 18 batches of ZHT was between 0.93 and 1.00. The results of cluster analysis and principal component analysis were basically consistent with similarity results. After validating the multiple component quantitative analysis condition through methodology, the average recoveries were between 98.27% and 103.42%, and the RSD were in the range of 0.86%-2.53%. The content of sodium danshensu, rosmarinic acid, lithospermic acid, salvianolic acid B, dihydrotanshinone I, cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA in 18 batches of ZHT were in the range of 0.149%-0.218%, 0.179%-0.225%, 0.222%-0.286%, 3.570%-6.399%, 0.048%-0.136%, 0.122%-0.309%, 0.061%-0.215%, 0.093%-0.413%, respectively. Conclusion: There is a certain quality difference between different batches of ZHT. Through the combination of fingerprinting, cluster analysis and principal component analysis, the quality of ZHT can be comprehensively evaluated. The establishment of this method can provide reference for the quality control and evaluation of ZHT.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic ; therapeutic use ; Azacitidine ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; drug therapy

The successful establishment of animal models of cardiac arrest-cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA-CPR) undoubtedly provided an important basis for exploring the method of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS). However, pathophysiology varied with the etiology of cardiac arrest (CA). Therefore, preparation of similar animal models according to etiology was the basis for pathophysiological changes research. Compared with other animals, the rabbits had both the advantages of large and small animals, so they became common research object for the CA-CPR model. This paper reviewed the common methods of animal models of CA-CPR in rabbits. In this review, the methods, criteria, advantages, disadvantages and precautions of each model were analyzed, which would provide useful reference for CPR researchers.

Objective To evaluate the effects of locking calcaneal plate in the treatment of SandersⅢ～Ⅳcalcaneal fractures.Methods 15 feet of 12 patients of SandersⅢ～Ⅳcalcaneal fractures received the treatment of internal fixation reduction with locking calcaneal plate and hone graft.Results All the patients were followed up for 4 to 21 months(average 11 months) with the results that according to Maryland foot score,4 feet were reported ex- cellent,6 good,1 average and 1 poor,with total excellent and good rate of 83.3 %.Conclusion Using locking cal- caneat plate in the treatment of complicated calcaneal fractures was proved to be a good method and had satisfactory effects.

Objective To observe the inhibitory effect of tumstatin related peptide T3 mediated by short peptide to osteosarcoma vascular. Methods Through MTS assay, wound healing assay, the inhibitory effect of targeting-T3 peptide and T3 peptide on the human umbilical veil endothelial cell was studied in vitro. After the preparation of 50 nude mice model bearing osteosarcoma, the nude mice bearing too large or too small tumors were eliminated and the left ones were divided into 4 groups (6 animals for each group: T3 peptide, targeting-T3 peptide, CTX, PBS) randomly. Through weight of tumor, histopathologicol slice and immunohistochemical methods. The inhibitory action of targeting-T3 peptide and T3 peptide on the neoge-netic vascular of osteosarcoma implanted in nude mouse was studied. Results In vitro, both T3 peptide and targeting-T3 peptide effectively inhibited the proliferation of human umbilical veil endothelial cell. In the experiment of vivo, the average weight of tumor of targeting-T3 peptide group was (1.104?.247) g, the average weight of the T3 peptide group was (1.484?.369) g. There was the statistical difference in tumor inhibition on the osteosarcoma betweent the targeting-T3 group and T3 group (F=16.353, P=0.000). The positive rate of vascular endothelial growth factor and metastasis in the lung in the targeting-T3 peptide group all descended than the T3 peptide group. Conclusion Because of the short peptide to osteosarcoma vascular, targeting-T3 peptide could significantly restrain the development of osteosarcoma. Coupling short peptide to T3 peptide increase the selective binding of T3 peptide to osteosarcoma vascular.

A new flavonoid glycoside, (-)-2S-8-methyl-5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavanone-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), along with five known ones, quercetin-3-O-(2"-galloyl)-α-L-arabinoside (2), kaempferol-3-O-α-L-arabinoside (3), guaijaverin (4), trifolin (5) and hyperin (6), was isolated from the leaves of Eucalyptus robusta. Their structures with absolute configurations were elucidated by NMR, HR-ESI-MS, CD spectra data and physicochemical methods. In addition, 2-6 were isolated from E. robusta for the first time.
Eucalyptus ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry

A novel unsaturated polyphosphoester (UPPE) was devised in our previous research, which is a kind of promising scaffold for improving bone regeneration. However, the polymerization process of UPPE scaffolds was unfavorable, which may adversely affect the bioactivity of osteoinductive molecules added if necessary, such as recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP2). The purpose of this study was to build a kind of optimal scaffold named UPPE-PLGA-rhBMP2 (UPB) and to investigate the bioactivity of rhBMP2 in this scaffold. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of UPB scaffold was assessed in vitro. A W1/O/W2 method was used to fabricate PLGA-rhBMP2 microspheres, and then the microspheres were added to UPPE for synthesizing UPB scaffold. The morphological characters of PLGA-rhBMP2 microspheres and UPB scaffolds were observed under the scanning electron microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy. The cumulative release of UPB scaffolds was detected by using ELISA. The cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of UPB scaffolds were evaluated through examining the adsorption and apoptosis of bone marrow stromal cells (bMSCs) seeded on the surface of UPB scaffolds. The bioactivity of rhBMP2 in UPB scaffolds was assessed through measuring the alkaline phosphates (ALP) activity in bMSCs seeded. The results showed that UPB scaffolds sequentially exhibited burst and sustained release of rhBMP2. The cytotoxicity was greatly reduced when the scaffolds were immersed in buffer solution for 2 h. bMSCs attached and grew on the surface of soaked UPB scaffolds, exerting well biocompatibility. The ALP activity of bMSCs seeded was significantly enhanced, indicating that the bioactivity of rhBMP2 remained and still took effect after the unfavorable polymerization process of scaffolds. It was concluded that UPB scaffolds have low cytotoxicity, good biocompatibility and preserve bioactivity of rhBMP2. UPB scaffolds are promising in improving bone regeneration.

Objective To study the changes of PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway during resuscitation with neck cooling in order to explore the relationship between the protective effect of neck cooling and the phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt and GSK3β.Methods Thirty rabbits were randomly(random number) divided into five groups, and models of cadiac arrest were induced by ventricular fibrillation(VF, the positive electrode in the right ventricle and negative pole on the apex of heart) for 4 min.In sham group,a electrode was placed into right ventricle without electric current conducted, and CA was not induced.The rabbits were sacrificed and specimens were taken at 24 hours after modeling.In normothermia treat group(NT group),resuscitation was carried out to restoration of spontaneous circulation(ROSC),and the rabbits were sacrificed and specimens were taken at 24 hours after modeling.In intra-arrest therapeutic hypothermia group (IATH group), rapid neck cooling was initiated at the same time with CPR,and the target brain temperature was set at 34 ℃ maintained for 4 hours after ROSC.Rabbits were sacrificed and specimens were taken at 24 hours after modeling.In recovery period cooling + LY294002 group(PATH+LY294002 group), LY294002 was injected intra-ventricularly at 20 minutes before resuscitation.Rapid neck cooling was started at the same time with CPR,and the target brain temperature was set at 34 ℃ maintained for 4 hours after ROSC.The rabbits were sacrificed and specimens were taken at 24 hours after modeling.In post-arrest therapeutic hypothermia group (PATH group), rapid neck cooling was begun after CPR for 1 hour,and the target brain temperature was set at 34 ℃ maintained for 4 hours after ROSC.The rabbits were sacrificed and specimens were taken at 24 hours after modeling.Animals were sacrificed by using overdose anesthetic drug.Western blot was used to detect the level of Akt p-Akt GSK-3β p-GSK-3β (ser9) protein, and TUNEL was used to observe apoptosis of tissues in each group.Multiple comparisons were performed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results Compared with Sham group, Akt (Thr-308) phosphorylation (P-AKT) and P-GSK-3β levels in the brain neuron cytoplasm in 24 hours after CPR resuscitation in NT group was significantly reduced, and showed a gradual reduction trend (P<0.05);the P-AKT and P-GSK-3β levels in the brain neuron cytoplasm in 24 hours after CPR resuscitation in IATH group were significantly enhanced compared with NT group (P<0.05);the levels of these two kinds of protein at one hour after resuscitation in PATH group were significantly enhanced compared with NT group (P<0.05), but lower in IATH group.Intra-ventricularly injection of LY294002 made the effect of hypothermia lost, indicating that LY294002 inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt.Apoptosis cells were significantly reduced in IATH group and normothermia theatment group compared with PATH group and LY294002 group(P<0.05).Conclusions Neck cooling can reduce apoptosis in rabbit brain cells after recovery, and the protective effect on brain is best in intra-arrest therapeutic hypothermia group.LY294002 specifically block the PI3K/Akt pathway, and the protective effect of cooling on the brain can be abolished,indicating hypothermia protects the neurological function via activation of PI3K/Akt pathway.Neck cooling protects the neurological function by activating PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β, promoting the Akt activation, and increasing the expression of P-GSK3β.Specific Akt inhibitor LY294002 inhibits Akt phosphorylation of brain tissue recovery and further inhibit the phosphorylation of GSK-3β, thus abolishing protective effect of cooling on neurological function.

Bacillus anthracis collagen-like protein(BclA) is a structural component of the exosporium filaments,as well as the immunodominant antigen on the spore surface.The genes encoding BclA proteins were cloned and sequenced from three Bacillus anthracis strains separated from China.It was founded that the BclA proteins of strain A16R and 40048,containing 388 and 322 amino acids,72 and 50 copies of GXX repeat,5 and 3 copies of 21-amino-acid sequence(GPT)_(5)GDTGTT(BclA repeat) respectively,are different from those reported by foreign scholars;while the BclA protein of strain 40022,containing 370 amino acids,66 copies of GXX repeat,and 5 copies of BclA repeat,is identical with that of strain 53169 reported by others.The results are helpful for the molecular typing of B.anthracis strains,and provide a basis for the elucidation of the pathogenesis and immunogenicity of B.anthracis spore.