OBJECTIVETo explore a new method in estimating extent and degree of arterial injury in upper limbs sustaining high tension electric burns.

METHODSEighteen patients (twenty-four upper limbs) with high tension electricity injury were admitted from December 1998 to September 2002, The damaged limbs consisted of four parts: wrist wound part, 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm parts around wrist wound, where the radial and ulnar arteries were detected using B ultrasound and color WP Doppler examination. The changes of endangium, vessel diameter, thickness of the vessel wall and volume of blood flow were recorded respectively. The parameters of normal radial and ulnar arteries were also determined as normal control.

RESULTSB ultrasound and color WP Doppler examination showed that the endangium in radial and ulnar arteries become coarse, edema or exfoliation. The vessel wall was thicker than that of the normal control and the thickness was heterogeneity. The vessel wall could be necrosis in severe patient and the vessel cavity was stricture or beaded. Thrombosis or occlusion could occur at the site of severe injury area in vessel. The decrease in volume of blood flow was observed. The condition of the radial and ulnar arteries become well apart from 10 - 15 cm of wrist wound.

CONCLUSIONSThe ultrasonography can be used to detect the changes in endangium, diameter, thickness of the vessel wall, blood flow volume in injury blood vessel caused by electric burn injury. It is helpful in judging the degree and extent of injury vessel and could be a safe, non-invasive diagnostic method and is worth popularizing.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Burns, Electric ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radial Artery ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; Ulnar Artery ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; Ultrasonography ; Wrist Injuries ; diagnostic imaging

ABSTRACT:OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of the active components of epimedium,astragalus and radix puerariae on FPN1 expression in the cerebral cortex of APPswe/PS1dE9 double transgenic Alzheimer's disease(AD) model mice.METH-ODS A total of 60 specific pathogen-free male APPswe/PS1dE9 double transgenic mice aged 6 months were equally and ran-domly divided into the model group,epimedium group,astragalus group,radix puerariae group,compound group and deferox-amine(DFO) group.Additional 10 of 6 months old C57BL/6J mice were chosen as normal control group.After the medica-tion,the mouse brain tissue of every group were collected,and immunohistochemistry,Real time PCR and Western blot were used to detect the effects of active components of epimedium,astragalus and radix puerariae on FPN1 expression in the cerebral cortex of APPswe/PS1dE9 double transgenic mouse model of AD.RESULTS No FPN1 positional cells was observed in nega-tive control group.The mRNA and protein expression of FPN1 decreased in the cerebral cortex of the model group(P <0.05), compared with the control group.The mRNA and protein expression of FPN1 increased in the compound group and DFO group,compared to the model group.Compared to DFO group,no significant difference was observed in compounde group in the mRNA and protein expression of FPN1 in cerebral cortex;FPN1 mRNA expression decreased in the epimedium group,as-tragalus group and radix puerariae group.CONCLUSION Active components of epimedium,astragalus and radix puerariae can up-regulate FPN1 expression and inhibit the iron-overload in the cerebral cortex of mice with Alzheimer's disease,which will mitigate the iron overload-induced impairment of the central nervous system.

OBJECTIVETo establish a mouse model of iron overload by intraperitoneal injection of iron dextran and investigate the impact of iron overload on bone marrow hematopoiesis.

METHODSA total of 40 C57BL/6 mice were divided into control group, low-dose iron group (12.5 mg/ml), middle-dose iron group (25 mg/ml), and high-dose iron group (50 mg/ml). The control group received normal saline (0.2 ml), and the rest were injected with intraperitoneal iron dextran every three days for six weeks. Iron overload was confirmed by observing the bone marrow, hepatic, and splenic iron deposits and the bone marrow labile iron pool. In addition, peripheral blood and bone marrow mononuclear cells were counted and the hematopoietic function was assessed.

RESULTSIron deposits in bone marrow, liver, and spleen were markedly increased in the mouse models. Bone marrow iron was deposited mostly within the matrix with no significant difference in expression of labile iron pool.Compared with control group, the ability of hematopoietic colony-forming in three interventional groups were decreased significantly (P<0.05). Bone marrow mononuclear cells counts showed no significant difference. The amounts of peripheral blood cells (white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets, and hemoglobin) in different iron groups showed no significant difference among these groups;although the platelets were decreased slightly in low-dose iron group [(780.7±39.60)×10(9)/L], middle dose iron group [(676.2±21.43)×10(9)/L], and high-dose iron group [(587.3±19.67)×10(9)/L] when compared with the control group [(926.0±28.23)×10(9)/L], there was no significant difference(P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe iron-overloaded mouse model was successfully established by intraperitoneal administration of iron dextran. Iron overload can damage the hepatic, splenic, and bone marrow hematopoietic function, although no significant difference was observed in peripheral blood count.

Animals ; Bone Marrow ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hematopoiesis ; drug effects ; Iron Overload ; chemically induced ; physiopathology ; Iron-Dextran Complex ; administration & dosage ; toxicity ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Spleen ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo compare the difference between digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and type B ultrasonography in the evaluation of vascular injury in patients inflicted with high voltage electrical injury.

METHODSNineteen patients with high voltage electrical injury of upper limbs were enrolled in the study as burn group, and another 12 healthy volunteers as controls. The endovascular membrane, vascular wall thickness, intra-vascular blood flow and endovascular thrombosis formation of ulnar and radial arteries at wound site and in regions 5, 10 and 15 cm proximal to the wounds were examined by DSA and type B ultrasonography and compared with imagings of healthy volunteers as control. The injury degree of the ulnar and radial arteries was examined during operation for evaluation to corroborate with DSA and ultrasonography findings. Necrotic and/or thrombotic vessels were excised and sent for pathomorphological examination.

RESULTSBy DSA images abnormal signs as thrombosis, vascular lumen stenosis and blood flow deceleration were found in 14 ulnar and 11 radial arteries, and the signs were more pronounced in ulnar arteries. By type B ultrasonography, abnormal signs as roughing of tunica intima, swelling or exfoliation, thickening of vascular wall, lumen stenosis, decreased blood flow, even necrosis of vascular wall and thrombosis were identified in 19 ulnar and 16 radial arteries in burn group (P < 0.05 approximately 0.01). The blood flow in ulnar artery 5 cm to the approximal part of the wound edge was obvious lower than that of the control (31.60 +/- 13.90 ml/min vs 47.70 +/- 9.60 ml/min, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONType B ultrasonography and DSA could be helpful in the evaluation of vascular injury in patients inflicted with high voltage electrical injury.

Adult ; Angiography, Digital Subtraction ; methods ; Burns, Electric ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radial Artery ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; Ulnar Artery ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color ; methods

OBJECTIVETo explore the application of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of deep electric injury.

METHODSHP-IPHX high resolution color and pulse doppler ultrasonography was employed in the study. The hemodynamic indices were determined in the burn wound area and tissues 5 - 15 cm proximal to the wound in 12 patients with deep electric injury. At the same time, injuries to subcutaneous and muscular tissue and blood vessels (fifty-six blood vessels detected) were detected.

RESULTS1. It was found by two-dimentional ultrasonography that the injury degree in different tissue after deep electric injury was different, i.e. blood vessels were most liable to injury followed by muscles and subcutaneous tissue. In the burn wound area, endothelium was not visualized in 7 blood vessels and endothelial swelling was identified in 12 blood vessels. Furthermore, vascular occlusion was found in 4 blood vessels and thrombosis found in 5 vessels. 2. It was also demonstrated by color ultrasonography that change in course of blood vessel and tortuesity were observed in 12 blood vessels, stenosis of lumen in 21 vessels and widened intravascular space in 11 vessels, All these findings were confirmed in the subsequent operations. 3. It was revealed by pulse Doppler that the top blood flow speed increased during vascular contraction period in narrowed blood vessels with decreased blood flow per minute.

CONCLUSIONBeing an non-invasive examination, ultrasonography could directly demonstrate the morphological changes in subcutaneous tissue, muscle and blood vessels after a deep electric injury, which might help determine the injury degree and the hemodynamic changes in the injured site.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Blood Vessels ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; Burns, Electric ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscles ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; Skin ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; Ultrasonography, Doppler ; methods

OBJECTIVETo construct the vectors of human glutathione S-transferase A1 (GSTA1), P1 (GSTP1), T1(GSTT1) genes and express in Escherichia coli (E. coli).

METHODSHuman GSTA1, GSTP1 and GSTT1 gene whole length cDNAs were amplified by RT-PCR and then subcloned into pET-28a(+) vectors. The proteins were expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3). After purified by Ni2+ affinity chromatography, the enzymatic activities of GSTs were measured with 1-chloro-2,4 -dinitrobenzene (CDNB) as substrate.

RESULTSThe correct GSTA1, GSTP1 and GSTT1 genes were cloned. And soluble GSTA1, GSTT1, GSTP1 proteins were expressed in E.coli. After purification, GSTA1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 showed good enzymatic activities, which were 17.55, 0.02, 18.75 μmol·min-1·mg-1, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe expression plasmids for GSTA1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 have been constructed and the recombinant proteins are expressed successfully.

DNA, Complementary ; genetics ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; Genetic Vectors ; Glutathione S-Transferase pi ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Glutathione Transferase ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Humans ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Objective: To construct the vectors of human glutathione S-transferase A1 (GSTA1), P1 (GSTP1), T1(GSTT1) genes and express in Escherichia coli (E. coli).Methods: Human GSTA1, GSTP1 and GSTT1 gene whole length cDNAs were amplified by RT-PCR and then subcloned into pET-28a(+) vectors.The proteins were expressed in E.coli BL21(DE3).After purified by Ni2+affinity chromatography, the enzymatic activities of GSTs were measured with 1-chloro-2,4 -dinitrobenzene (CDNB) as substrate .Results:The correct GSTA1, GSTP1 and GSTT1 genes were cloned .And soluble GSTA1, GSTT1, GSTP1 proteins were expressed in E.coli.After purification, GSTA1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 showed good enzymatic activities , which were 17.55, 0.02, 18.75 μmol· min-1 · mg-1 , respectively.Conclusion: The expression plasmids for GSTA1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 have been constructed and the recombinant proteins are expressed successfully .

Objective:To explore the neuroprotective effect and mechanism of Buyang Huanwu Tang (BYHWT) on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) at different stages. Method:The 36 female C57BL/6 mice were immunized subcutaneously with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptides (MOG_35-55),then randomly divided into 9, 17, 28 d EAE control group. Each BYHWT group was orally given drugs on the 3^rd day after immunization (50 g·kg^-1·d^-1), and EAE control group was given the same volume of normal saline in the same way once a day for 9, 17 and 28 d after immunization. The effect of BYHWT on EAE mice was observed with internationally accepted clinical score. Brain and spinal cord specimens were collected at 9, 17 and 28 d after immunization. The neuroprotective effect of BYHWT was observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining and solid blue staining (LFB). The expressions of BDNF and GAP-43 in spinal cord and brain were detected by Western blot. Result:After treatment, BYHWT can significantly inhibit myelitis cell infiltration and alleviate myelin loss. Compared with EAE group, the expression of Nogo-A in the spinal cord of each BYHWT group was significantly down-regulated (P<0.01), and the expression of BDNF in the spinal cord was significantly up-regulated (P<0.05, P<0.01) in the BYHWT group 17 and 28 d group compared with EAE group 17 and 28 d group. Compared with EAE 9, 17 d group, GAP-43 expression was significantly up-regulated in the spinal cord of BYHWT 9, 17 d group (P<0.01). Conclusion:BYHWT can improve the local nerve growth microenvironment and promote the expression of NTFs, reduce the expressions of neuroinhibitory factors, and play a role in neuroprotection.

Objective:To investigate the acceptance and attitude toward a novel fecal immunochemical test (FIT) in colorectal cancer screening among populations in China.Methods:From May 2018 to May 2019, 2 474 people aged 50-74 years were recruited from five provinces of China (Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangsu, Hunan and Yunnan). The general demographic characteristics, acceptance of the new FIT technology and operational difficulties through the whole screening process were obtained through questionnaire survey. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors related to difficulties encountered in sampling stool, reading and uploading results.Results:The subjects were (60.0±6.4) years old, and female, high school of above educated, unemployed/retired/other, married and with medical insurance status of “new rural cooperative medical care (NRCMC)” accounted for 61.7% (1 526), 29.0%(718), 34.3% (849), 92.7% (2 293) and 31.3%(775), respectively. The population's acceptance of the FIT technology was 94.8%. In the process of FIT screening, the percentage of occurred difficulties in sampling stool, reading and uploading results were 33.1% (819), 46.4% (1 147) and 62.9% (1 557), respectively. The main difficulties were the uncertainty about whether the sampling operation was standard (28.0%), the inability to accurately judge the result displayed (32.5%) and the need for help without using a smartphone (44.2%). The results of multivariate logistic regression model analysis showed that people aged 65-74 years old and with medical insurance status of “NRCMC” were more likely to encounter difficulties in sampling, and those who were unemployed/retired/other and living with 3 or more family members were less likely to encounter difficulties in sampling. Those aged 65-74 years old, farmers or migrant workers, and those with “NRCMC” were more likely to encounter difficulties in readingresults, and those with 3 or more family members were less likely to encounter difficulties in reading result. Those with “NRCMC” were more likely to encounter difficulties in uploading results, and those with education level of high school or above, living with more than 3 family members were less likely to encounter difficulties in uploading results.Conclusion:The acceptance of the new FIT technology is relatively high among the subjects. Age, education level, occupation, number of family members living together and medical insurance status might be related to difficulties encountered in sampling stool, reading and uploading results, and it can be further strengthened in terms of the technology and characteristics of sub-populations.

Objective:To investigate the acceptance and attitude toward a novel fecal immunochemical test (FIT) in colorectal cancer screening among populations in China.Methods:From May 2018 to May 2019, 2 474 people aged 50-74 years were recruited from five provinces of China (Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangsu, Hunan and Yunnan). The general demographic characteristics, acceptance of the new FIT technology and operational difficulties through the whole screening process were obtained through questionnaire survey. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors related to difficulties encountered in sampling stool, reading and uploading results.Results:The subjects were (60.0±6.4) years old, and female, high school of above educated, unemployed/retired/other, married and with medical insurance status of “new rural cooperative medical care (NRCMC)” accounted for 61.7% (1 526), 29.0%(718), 34.3% (849), 92.7% (2 293) and 31.3%(775), respectively. The population's acceptance of the FIT technology was 94.8%. In the process of FIT screening, the percentage of occurred difficulties in sampling stool, reading and uploading results were 33.1% (819), 46.4% (1 147) and 62.9% (1 557), respectively. The main difficulties were the uncertainty about whether the sampling operation was standard (28.0%), the inability to accurately judge the result displayed (32.5%) and the need for help without using a smartphone (44.2%). The results of multivariate logistic regression model analysis showed that people aged 65-74 years old and with medical insurance status of “NRCMC” were more likely to encounter difficulties in sampling, and those who were unemployed/retired/other and living with 3 or more family members were less likely to encounter difficulties in sampling. Those aged 65-74 years old, farmers or migrant workers, and those with “NRCMC” were more likely to encounter difficulties in readingresults, and those with 3 or more family members were less likely to encounter difficulties in reading result. Those with “NRCMC” were more likely to encounter difficulties in uploading results, and those with education level of high school or above, living with more than 3 family members were less likely to encounter difficulties in uploading results.Conclusion:The acceptance of the new FIT technology is relatively high among the subjects. Age, education level, occupation, number of family members living together and medical insurance status might be related to difficulties encountered in sampling stool, reading and uploading results, and it can be further strengthened in terms of the technology and characteristics of sub-populations.