Background It is widely appreciated that many animal cells rely on the mechanism of regulatory volume decrease (RVD) after swell under the hypotonic environment,which involved in some processes of cellular physiology.But the RVD of lens epithelial cells(LECs) still is being further researched.Objective Present study was to clarify the possible mechanisms and influencing factors in the RVD of LECs.Methods Human LECs line (HLE B-3)were cultured and passaged in DMEM/F12 containing 10％ fetal bovine serum(FBS),and before volume measurement,cells were stuck to the base of a perfusion chamber,Ringer solution osmolality was decreased from 15％Hypo to 45％ Hypo,and the cells stimulated by 45％ Hypo Ringer solution were used as the control group.Some experiments were performed in the presence of high extracellular K+ concentration,chloride or potassium channel inhibitor,experiments were also carried out in the nominal absence of Ca2+,Cl-or HCO-3 to test the effect of a decrease in intracellular concentration of these ions on the cell volume response.The volume changes of living cells were measured by lag-time microphotograph acquisition and analysis system (IPP6.0).Results Time course of cell volume change after hypotonic shock in HLE B-3 cells was observed.The cell swelling was followed by a gradual volume recovery,indicating the presence of RVD was influenced by the hypotonic stress.Under the stimulation of 45 ％Hypo Ringer solution,the rates of RVD were (59.1 ±7.8)％.RVD was correlated positively to the maximum cell volume (r =0.99,P＜0.05)in S shape,and RVD changes were sensitive to alter maximum cell volume in the range of 115％-135％.RVD reduced to (16.5 ± 1.6) ％,(14.7 ± 2.3) ％,respectively after acted by potassium channel inhibitor,TEA(10 mmol/L)and BaCl2(5 mmol/L)as well as chloride channel inhibitor,NPPB(100 μmol/L)and DIDS(100 μmol/L),with significant differences in comparison with the control group(all P＜0.01).RVD decreased by(5.8±1.6)％ and(2.7±0.8)％ in high concentration of K+ in extracellular fluid and the absence of Cl-(P＜0.01).RVD was significantly inhibited under the absence of Ca2+.When the 45％ Ringer solution was pH6.8,the process of RVD delayed.The rate of RVD in the first ten minutes was (0.86±0.24)％/min,showing a significant decline in comparison with (3.24±0.84) ％ / min of pH 7.4 (P ＜0.05).Conclusions HLE B-3 have RVD ability under the hypotonic stress stimulation.A certain intracellular Ca2+ concentration is the premise of RVD activation,and Cl efflux and K+ efflux are the key mechanism of RVD of HLE B-3.Acidic environment of hypotonic solution delays the occurrence of RVD.

Objective To study the effects of levodopa on the serum excitatory amino acids and some anti oxidative indexes in rats with parkinsonism.Methods Different doses of levodopa/benserazide were treated orally for three months in rats with 6 OHDA induced partial or severe injuries of unilateral nigrostriatal pathway. The levels of serum aspartic acid, glutamate and glutamine were measured by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). Serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH PX) were detected.Results After the rats were treated with levodopa,the concentration of serum aspartic acid was significantly increased in the severely 6 OHDA lesioned rats ( P

0.05). The contents of striatal dopamine and DOPAC were far more increased in levodopa-treated rats with a high dose than in levodopa-treated rats with a low dose and in saline-treated rats (P

In view of current contradiction between information resources sharing and the protection of intellectual property,the author pointed out the need to maintain coordinated de-velopment,and for the relationship between the unity of these two opposites proposed some practical measures to further promote the sharing of resources and the sound development of the equity market.

ObjectiveTo provide the early diagnosis of Alzheimer\'s disease(AD), the memory in the patients with mild cognitive impairment(MCI) was detected under the functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI), combined with the behavioral experiment.Methods9 patients with MCI and 9 controls matched for the age, gender, level of education and handedness performed encoding and retrieval of nonsense line drawings, presented visually while the MR machine was scanning. ResultsCompared with the controls, the patients manifested longer reaction time and lower correct ratio. The patients\' brain activation showed: the first episode of encoding of nonsense line drawings elicited distributed activation in bilateral dorsal lateral frontal lobes, left parahippocampus, bilateral temporal-occipital conjunction, parietal lobes and visual cortex in the control subjects. While these activations decreased in the second episode of encoding of the same stimuli, much stronger activation was found in most same areas during the retrieval phase except for the right parietal lobe, in which the patients showed stronger activation. Moreover, activation in the anterior cingulate cortex was observed only in the retrieval phase. The patients showed weaker and smaller activation in almost all activation areas during all tasks in the normal subjects. ConclusionThe patients with MCI have the deficit in memory. The examination of encoding and retrieval of nonsense line drawings by means of the behavioral experiment and fMRI test can offer a powerful reference for the early diagnosis of AD.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of nebulized total ginkgo flavone glycosides (TFG) on Th1/Th2 imbalance in mice with athma.

METHODForty-eight BALB/C mice were randomly divided into four groups: group A (control group, n=12); group B (asthmatic model group, n=12); group C (TFG nebulized treated group, n=12); group D (dexamethasone intraperitoneal treated group, n=12). The asthmatic model was established by sensitivity and local activation with Ovalbumin(OVA) and aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)3. TFG (50 g x L(-1), per aerosol per six mice, 30 minutes) was nebulized 20 days after modeling, while dexamethasone (1 g x L(-1)) was intraperitoneal once daily for 10 days. Perfusate of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) was collected on day 32. The level of IL-4, IFN-gamma in BALF, and the level of total IgE in serum was determined. The airway inflammation pathology change and the expression of GATA-3 protein in lungs was detected by immunohistochemical staining.

RESULTCompared with model group, the decreased content of IL-4(49.30 +/- 7.95) ng x L(-1) and increased level of IFN-gamma (49.08 x 5.46) ng x L(-1). were found in BALF, and the level of total IgE (9.47 +/- 1.52) microg x L(-1) in serum also decreased in TFG treated group. In model group, smooth muscle hypertrophing, mucous hyperemia, mucous layer thickening, and inflammatory cell in filtration were observed. Phlegmasia was appeared in the bronchi, which was filled with lots of mucus. In contrast, the inflammatory reaction in TFG and Dexamethasone treated group was less obvious. Expression of GATA-3 was markly increased in model group with decreased expression in TFG treated group.

CONCLUSIONNebulized TFG showed a therapeutic effect for asthmatic mice, the mechanism may be explained by blockingnnnn GATA-3 expression and regulating the disorder Th1/Th2 imbalance.

Aluminum Hydroxide ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Asthma ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; chemistry ; Dexamethasone ; therapeutic use ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Flavones ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; GATA3 Transcription Factor ; metabolism ; Ginkgo biloba ; chemistry ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Interferon-gamma ; metabolism ; Interleukin-4 ; metabolism ; Lung ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Ovalbumin ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Th1 Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Th2 Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism

This study was to investigate the effect of total flavonoid in leaves of Ginkgo biloba (total flavonoid in leaves of Ginkgo biloba, FG) on the apoptosis of eosinophils (EOS) in broncho alveloar lavage fluid (BALF) of asthma mice. Mouse asthma model was established by ovalbumin (OVA) challenge methods. After atomizing therapy for two weeks, differential count in BALF, morphological change and proportion of apoptosis were detected by AO/EB stain and Annexin V-FITC/PI. The number of total leucocytes and eosinophils in BALF decreased obviously after FG treatment. Compared with model group, the number and proportion of EOS apoptosis increased significantly after FG treatment. The results indicated that one of the anti-inflammation mechanisms of FG might be promoting apoptosis of eosinophils.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Asthma ; chemically induced ; pathology ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; cytology ; Eosinophils ; pathology ; Female ; Flavonoids ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Ginkgo biloba ; chemistry ; Leukocyte Count ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Ovalbumin ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Random Allocation

To explore the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on the mechanisms of CML pathogenesis, the effect of VEGF on K562 cell apoptosis induced by As(2)O(3) was analyzed through morphologic observation, DNA fragmentation agarose gel electrophoresis and DNA ploidy flow cytometry analysis, and the effect of VEGF on the expression of bcl-X(L), Bax and caspase-3 in K562 cells was determined by Western blot, meanwhile the expression difference between bcl-X(L) and Bax mRNA in above conditions was detected by RT-PCR. The results showed that after VEGF added, the apoptosis of K562 cells reduced, however, there was no significant changes in cell cycle distribution (P > 0.05). At the same time, following the increasing of the concentration of VEGF, expression of mRNA and protein of bcl-X(L) was up-regulated and the expression of Bax protein was down-regulated in K562 cells, and the activation of pro-caspase-3 into caspase-3 was inhibited or reduced. It is concluded that VEGF may suppress the apoptosis of K562 cells through its influence on the bcl-X(L)/Bax expression ratio in K562 cells.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Arsenicals ; pharmacology ; Blotting, Western ; Chlorides ; pharmacology ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; pharmacology ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; bcl-X Protein ; biosynthesis ; genetics

Objective Network Scale-Up Method (NSUM) was used to estimate the Personal Network Size (C) of college students in Beijing and the size of men who have sex with men (MSM).Methods A survey was conducted on Beijing college students to estimate the personal network size (C) through NSUM and then using the back-estimating and attitude adjustment to correct C value and the size of the target population.Results The mean of C among Beijing college students was 97 and the differences of C between different majors and different grades were both statistically significant.Among Beijing College students,3.96％ of them identified themselves as MSM,with the number as 16 260.Conclusion Using the NSUM to estimate C of Beijing college students and size of MSM seemed to be credible which worth popularized.

Background:Reduced expression of tripartite motif-containing 3 (TRIM3) has been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of human glioblastoma.In our previous research,we found that TRIM3 expression was markedly reduced in human primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and that low TRIM3 expression was associated with short survival of HCC patients.However,the role of TRIM3 in liver cancer remains unknown.This study aimed to investigate the function of TRIM3 in liver cancer cells.Methods:The protein levels of TRIM3 in five liver cancer cell lines (SK-Hep1,Hep3B,Huh7,HepG2,Bel-7402) and one normal liver cell line (L02) were detected with Western blotting.HepG2 and Bel-7402 cells with IowTRIM3 expression were infected with recombinant lentiviruses overexpressing TRIM3 (LV-TRIM3),whereas Huh7 and Hep3B cells with high TRIM3 expression were transfected with TRIM3-targeted small interfering RNA (siTRIM3).The functions of TRIM3 in the proliferation,colony formation,cell cycle,migration,invasion,and apoptosis of the above cell lines were examined.The effect of TRIM3 on tumor growth and metastases in nude mice was also investigated.Results:TRIM3 was overexpressed in HepG2 and Bel-7402 cells with LV-TRIM3 infection,which further reduced proliferation,colony formation,migration,and invasion of both cell lines.Cell cycle analysis showed thatTRIM3 overexpression induced G0/G1 phase arrest in HepG2 and Bel-7402 cells.Moreover,apoptosis was not increased in HepG2 or Bel-7402 cells overexpressing TRIM3.Contrarily,silencing TRIM3 expression in Huh7 and Hep3B cells by siTRIM3 led to significantly decreased percentages of both cells in the G0/G1 phase and promoted cell proliferation,colony formation,migration,and invasion.In vivo experiment results confirmed thatTRIM3 overexpression suppressed tumor growth and metastasis.Conclusions:TRIM3 plays a tumor-suppressing role in the regulation of liver cancer development by reducing cell proliferation through cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase.