Demyelination disables saltatory conduction and leads to neural dysfunction. Remyelination is mediated by oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), which are widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS) of adults. A belter understanding of oligodendrocyte biology, mechanisms of myelination and maintenance of myelin sheaths, and the relationship of failed remyelination in the CNS with the number, migration, and myelinating ability of endogenous OPCs, will greatly improve the remyelination strategies in chronic inflammatory demyelinating diseases, including muitiple sclerosis.

Objective: To investigate the effect of co-exposure to LPS and heat on plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in rats. Methods: Male specific pathogen-free Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: saline injection+normothermic control (C-Group), saline injection+heat exposure (H-Group), LPS injection+normothermic control (L-Group), and LPS injection+heat exposure (HL-Group). Rats in H-/HL-Group were exposed in a chamber at an ambient dry bulb temperature (Tdb) of (35.0 ± 0.5) °C and in C-/L-Group at an ambient Tdb of (26.0±0.5) °C. Rats in L- /HL-Group were given an intravenous injection of LPS 10 mg/kg via tail veins to induce endotoxemia and in C-/H-Group were given an intravenous injection of 0.9% NaCl (10 ml/kg) via the tail vein. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was continually monitored in all rats. Plasma levels of MDA and SOD activity were determined at 0, 40, 80, 120 min after exposure. Results: There was significant difference in plasma MDA levels and activities of SOD between L-/H-/HL-Group and C-Group (P<0.05). The rats in HL-Group displayed significantly increased MDA level and decreased SOD activity compared with those in the other 3 groups(P<0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that co-exposure to LPS and heat can promote and augment systemic inflammatory response syndrome in rats.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of anterior capsule relaxing incisions with Nd:YAG laser in treating postop-erative anterior capsule contraction in high-risk cataract patients.Methods 120 high-risk cataract patients with postoperative ante-rior capsule contraction collected from December 2010 to November 2012 were divided into experimental group(performed the ante-rior capsule relaxing incisions on postoperative 3 d)and control group.The anterior capsule opening area was measured immediately after laser operation(baseline),in postoperative 1,3,6 months by using the Scheimpflug video photogeaphy system,and the descent rate of the opening area was simultaneously calculated.The decentration degree and tilt of intraocular lens(IOL),posterior capsule opacification and other complications were also assessed.Results Of the observed 120 cases,40 cases were pseudo posterior capsule stripping syndrome,40 cases were primary angle closure and 40 cases were diabetic retinopathy.There was no statistically signifi-cant difference in the baseline value of the opening area between the experimental group and the control group(P>0.05).In the ca-ses of primary angle closure 1,3,6 months after operation,the anterior capsule opening area in the experimental group was signifi-cantly increased compared with the control group(P<0.05)and the descent rate of the opening area was significantly diminished (P<0.05).In the cases of pseudo posterior capsule stripping syndrome or diabetic retinopathy,although there was no statistically significant difference in anterior capsule opening area between the experimental group and the control group(P>0.05),the descent rate of the opening area was significantly diminished(P<0.05).No significant differences were found in the aspects of IOL decen-tration and tilt,posterior capsule opacity,or other complications.Conclusion YAG laser anterior capsule relaxing incisions in the early period after cataract surgery is safe and effective in preventing anterior capsule contraction in high-risk patients.

Objective To detect characteristics and the pathogenesis of rhodopsin (RHO) gene mutation in an inbreeding family with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (ARRP). Methods Peripheral venous blood 5-8 ml was abstracted from 8 members in the inbreeding ARRP family and 10 control individuals. DNA gene group was picked. Extron 1-5 of RHO gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR),and the mutation of RHO gene was screened by direct DNA sequence measurement. Results The Gln-344-Arg mutation in the RHO gene was detected in 3 patients with ARRP and homozygotes of the mutation in 3 patients were found. Heterozygous of the mutation was detected in the parent of patients and 1 healthy family member. No mutation of RHO gene was found in 2 healthy family members and 10 control individuals. Conclusions The Gln-344-Arg mutation in the RHO gene may be the pathogenic factor of the ARRP family; the frequency of the mutation of RHO gene may increase in the inbreeding ARRP family.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents in the branches and leaves of Abies ernestii var. salouenensis. Methods: Some chromatographic methods were applied to isolating pure compounds and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Results: Fourteen compounds were obtained and identified as kaempferol (1), quercetin (2), quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (3), syringetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), kaempferol-3-O-β-D - (3″, 6″-di-E-p-coumaroyl)-glucopyranoside (6), laricitrin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), vitexin (8), quercetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10), isohemiphloin (11), naringenin (12), (-)-epigallocatechin (13), and (+)-catechin (14). Conclusion: All the compounds are isolated from this plant for the first time, and compounds 7-11 and 13 are firstly isolated from the plants in Abies Mill.

Objective To recommend the safety guidelines for workplace violence on health care sector according to the incidents of violence status on medical workplace.Methods A pilot study was conducted using a two-round Delphi method to study out the safety guidelines for hospital violence.Results In two subsequent rounds,the group discussed and screened out 50 entries from 51 items in the six modules as safety guidelines for hospital violence.Conclusions Establishment of safety guidelines for hospital violence on health care sector using Delphi method requires further clinical validation.

OBJECTIVETo explore lupus nephritis (LN) patients' monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) and urinary IP-10 (ulP-10) levels, the correlation between each clinical activity index and rheumatism syndrome, thereby proving objective evidence for microscopic typing of rheumatism syndrome.

METHODSTotally 60 LN patients were assigned to the rheumatism group (31 cases) and the non-rheumatism group (29 cases). Besides, 20 healthy volunteers were recruited as the normal control group. Clinical data and renal pathology were collected, and urinary levels of MCP-1 and IP-10 detected by ELISA. The correlation between rheumatism syndrome and each activity index as well as manifestations of clinical activities was comprehensively analyzed. Results (1) Patients in the rheumatism group were more liable to occur fever, serositis, edema, and hypertension (P<0.05). (2) Compared with the non-rheumatism group, patients in the rheumatism group exhibited much higher levels of 24 h protein quantification and blood urea nitrogen, higher levels of uMCP-1 and ulP-10. Microscopic hematuria, anti-ds-DNA, anti-Sm, the positive rate of AnuA, scores of SLEDAI and BILAG were higher in the rheumatism group than in the non-rheumatism group (P<0.05). Levels of plasma albumin and complement C3 were lower in the rheumatism group than in the non-rheumatism group (P<0.05). (3) The average activity index (AI) of the renal pathology was higher in the rheumatism group than in the non-rheumatism group. The most frequent pathological type of rheumatism group was type IV of LN.

CONCLUSIONSMore severe renal damage and immune abnormality occurred in LN patients of rheumatism syndrome. Rheumatism syndrome is closely correlated to clinical activity indices.

Biomedical Research ; Chemokine CCL2 ; metabolism ; Complement C3 ; metabolism ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Kidney ; Lupus Nephritis ; epidemiology ; metabolism ; Rheumatic Diseases ; epidemiology ; metabolism

Objective To discuss the ultrasound imaging of acardia twin before and after spontaneously blood blocked in twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence (TRAP), and to analyze the inlfuence factor for the prognosis of pump twin. Methods Seven TRAP with pump twins and acardia′s blood lfow blocked were diagnosed by US and autopsy in Hubei Women and Children′s Hospital between 2001 January to 2012 September. The ultrasound images, clinical data and pump twin’ outcome were analyzed. Results Ultrasound images showed skin edema, acardia, spine and lower limbs in seven acardia cases before blood blocked, among which 4 were acardius acephalus, 3 were acardius anceps. Single umbilical artery were detected in 7 cases with reversed umbilical artery perfusion toward fetus. Four cases had rare blood lfow (UA-PI ratio<0.7. Five acardia cases had slower growing rate than the pump twin. Ultrasound images showed no growing, no blood lfow in the acardia, the acardia twin became vagued in the second and third trimester, and ifnally developed into a paper fetus. A linear umbilical cord extend from umbilical region to placenta were found in 7 cases whose blood lfow were spontaneously blocked. Pump twin′s outcome:3 pump twins survived, 3 died in uterus, and 1 was induced labor due to hydrocephalus and cardiac failure. The most important factors that affected the prognosis of pump twin included:faster growing in acardia twin with less blood supply, abnormal brain and heart function in pump twin, chromosome abnormalities, abnormal amniotic fluid and cord entanglement. Conclusions Less blood flow and slow growth speed prompt in acardia twin suggested spontaneously acardia blood block. It is mandatory to monitor the pump twin after the spontaneous block of acardiac’s blood lfow.

Objective To evaluate the effect of isoflurane anesthesia on noise-induced hearing loss in guinea pigs.Methods Forty-eight healthy adult male guinea pigs,aged 3 months,weighing 400-500 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =12 each) using a random number table:control group (C group),isoflurane group (I group),noise-induced hearing loss group (N group),and isoflurane + noise-induced hearing loss group (I + N group).Isoflurane was inhaled for 140 min at a concentration of 1％ in I and I + N groups.N and I + N groups were exposed to the noise of 4 kHz center frequency and 118-122 dB sound pressure level for 120 min starting from 20 min after administration.Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was recorded at 10,40,70,100 and 120 min of exposure to noise and cochlear blood flow (CoBF) was recorded before administration and at 10,40,70,100 and 120 min of exposure to noise.Auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold was recorded before administration and at 1 h,72 h,and 10 days after the end of exposure to noise.Arterial blood samples were obtained and the plasma noradrenaline (NE) concentration was detected by HPLC before exposure to noise and immediately after the end of exposure to noise.Results Compared with group C,MAP and the change rate of CoBF were significantly decreased,and the plasma NE concentration was increased immediately after the end of exposure to noise in I group,and MAP was increased,the change rate of CoBF was decreased,and the plasma NE concentration immediately after the end of exposure,and ABR threshold after the end of exposure were increased in N and I + N groups.Compared with N group,MAP was significantly decreased,the change rate of CoBF was increased,the plasma NE concentration immediately after the end of exposure,and ABR threshold at 1 and 72 h after the end of exposure were increased,and no significant was found in ABR threshold at 10 days after the end of exposure in I + N group.Conclusion Isoflurane anesthesia exerts temporary but not permanent protective effects against noise-induced hearing loss in guinea pigs and partial inhibition of activation of sympathetic nerve and increased CoBF may be involved in the mechanism.

OBJECTIVE:To put forward policy suggestions on the selection and revision of National Essential Drug List (NEDL) in China. METHODS: The selection principles, criteria and procedures of WHO Model List of Essential Medicines and Australia’s Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme Directory which was commonly regarded as Essential Drug List of Australia were analyzed to provide reference for the selection and revision of NEDL in China. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: The selection and revision of NEDL which were strongly supported by related policies demand active participation of all social sectors, open and transparent working procedures, scientific and operational methods for selection and revision, authoritative monitoring and aftereffect evaluation system.