To discuss the distribution of patents' holders for Chinese herbal compounds in treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular, the patents' holders for Chinese herbal compounds in treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular were cluster analyzed by means of simple statistics and cluster analysis. Clustering variables were composed of patent applications, patent maintained number, related papers' quantity, etc. Chinese herbal compound patents' holders were divided into four categories according to their different scientific research and patent strength. It is the magic weapon for Chinese herbal compound patents' holders that have scientific research patents' transforming and make coordination of patent protection and scientific innovation.
Biometry ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; drug therapy ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; drug therapy ; Cluster Analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; economics ; therapeutic use ; Herbal Medicine ; economics ; legislation & jurisprudence ; manpower ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics ; Patents as Topic

Objective To observe the dynamic level of platelet activation and to analyze the correlation between platelet activation and systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS)in patients with acute ischemie stroke. Methods　Mean platelet component concentration(MPC)and white blood count(WBC)were serially determined in patients with acute isehemic stroke,and other parameters including initial plasma fibrinogen(FIB)and adenosine diphosphate(ADP)aggregative rate were also determined.All parameters were compared between the SIRS group and the non-SIRS group.Correlation was analyzed between initial MPC and SIRS score,WBC,FIB and ADP aggregative rate. Results MPC level was declined slightly on the first day,and was followed by a relatively low MPC level from the second day to the forty-fifth day.The average level was fluctuated between 229 g/L and 242 g/L.There was no significant difference in initial FIB(t=1.835,P=0.07)between the SIRS group and the non-SIRS group,but the differences of other parameters had statistical significance(all P＜0.01).In the first three days,MPC level was negatively correlated with SIRS score(r=-0.392,-0.376,-0.341,t=3.484,3.405,3.125 respectively,all P＜0.01),but not correlated with WBC,FIB and ADP aggregative rate(P＞0.05). Conclusions　Platelets maintain an activated state during the entire course of ischemic stroke.The initial level of platelet activation.WBC count and ADP aggregative rate are higher in SIRS patients than in non-SIRS patients.The initial level of platelet activation suggests the severity of SIRS,and may be one of the independent risk factors for SIRS.

The complement system, the chief component of innate immunity, is not only required for host defense against pathogens and homeostasis, but also related to the pathogenesis and development of various kidney diseases. Recent study has shown that tissue-derived complement and immune cell-derived complement can each mediate local inlfammation. The comple-ment system acts as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. Furthermore it’s also a functional bridge between pathogenic humoral and cellular immune responses in an array of kidney diseases. Increasing evidence links inappropriate complement acti-vation and deifciencies of complement proteins to the pathogenesis of kidney autoimmune disease, ischemia-reperfusion injury, transplant rejection and complications in hemodialysis. The development of pharmacologic agents that target complement in pa-tients with this assortment of immune and/or inlfammatory kidney diseases has the potential to abrogate disease progression and improve patient health.

Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic ; blood ; Biopsy ; Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Glomerulus ; pathology ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; complications ; immunology ; Lupus Nephritis ; diagnosis ; etiology ; immunology ; pathology ; Necrosis

Objective To study the expressions of α1-AT and VEGF-C in human bronchoalveolarcarcinorrm, and the relation of the expression to the patholo~cM differentiation and clinical stage. Methods All 49 Darffin embedding samples of patients with bronchoalveolar carcinoma were studied. α1-AT and VEGF-C were detected by immunohistochemical SP method.Automated image analyzer was used to quantify α1-AT and VEGF-C expressions.Results The immunohistochemical positive stainings of α1-AT and VEGF-C in brown or dark brown were located in cytopla8m.The expression levels of α1-AT and VEGF-C were not related with the gender,age,tumor position and size,and histology subtypos(P＞0.05).It Was found that the expression of α1-AT in patients with local lymph node metastasis was significantly lower than those without node metastasis(P＜0.001).It was found that the expression of VEGF-C in patients with local node metastasis significantly higher than th08e without node metastasis(P＜0.001).There Was a negative correlation between the expression level of α1-AT and the expression level of VEGF-C in bronchoalveolar carcinoma(r=-0.324,P＜0.05).Conclusion α1-AT and VEGF-C could be secreted by bronehoalveolar carcinoma.Bronehoalveolar carcinoma with lower α1-AT expression and higher VEGF-C expression is more likely to have lymph node metastasis.Lower α1-AT expression and higher VEGF-C expression can participate in the mechanism of lymph node metastasis in carcinoma together.

Animals ; Guanylate Cyclase ; metabolism ; Hypercapnia ; metabolism ; Hypoxia ; metabolism ; Lung ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear ; metabolism ; Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase

The therapeutic effects and mechanisms of traditional Chinese kidney-tonifying drugs in treating osteoporosis have become the focus under study. Pharmacological studies have shown that traditional Chinese kidney-tonifying drugs are promoters for the proliferation of osteoblasts, inhibitors for the activity of osteoclasts, regulators for the estrogen level and its receptor, plays important roles in promoting osteogenesis and suppressing adipogenesis of marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), modulating the function of OPG/RANK/RANKL system and the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus, as well as antioxidation. The anti-osteoporotic active ingredients and pharmacological action mechanism of traditional Chinese kidney-tonifying drugs are summarized from the perspective of molecular and cell biology in this paper, so as to provide references for the study of their mechanism of anti-osteoporosis and for the development of traditional Chinese kidney-tonifying and bone-strengthening drugs.
Animals ; Bone and Bones ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Kidney ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Osteoporosis ; drug therapy ; physiopathology

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of administration of ampicillin/sulbactam and imipenem/cilastatin in treatment of aspiration pneumonia in aged patients. Methods 26 aged patients was treated with aspira-tion pneumonia (2.25～3.00 g) through vessel injection twice perday,and another 26 patients was treated with imi-penem/cilastatin (0.5 g) through vessile injection every 6～8 hours. We evaluated the efficacy through assessing the temperature,the chest radiography,WBC and CRP,incidence of side effects,the time to cure and the clearance of bacteria. Results The cure rate was 84.6% (22/26) and 92.3% (24/26),respectively (χ2=0.19,P=0.66). The time to cure was 8.2±2.8 days and 7.5±1.6 days for the groups (t=1.107,P=0.274). Gastrointestinal side effects were observed in the group of ampicillin/sulbactarn;slight abnormality of liver function occurred in the group of imipenem/cilastatin ;all above adverse effects in two groups were rapidly and completely disappeared after therapy stopped. Conclusion Both ampicillin/sulbactam and imipenem/cilastatin are effective antibiotics to treat aspiration pneumonia in aged patients.

Objective To investigate the infection sites,the offending species,diagnosis and prognosis of deep fungal infections (DFI) in patients with systemic lupus erythcmatosus (SLE).Methods Fifty-one patients with fungal infections in 1466 SLE patients admitted to Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital from 2000 to 2006 were reviewed retrospectively.Results Candida albicans was ranked the first pathogen,followed by ncoformans and Aspergillus species.The infection sites were lungs,cerebral meninges and blood in the order of prevalence.The overall mortality was 20%(10/51).Aspergillasis carried the highest mortality which couht be as high as 80%.Hypoproteinemia,multiple focus of fungal infections,Aspergillasis and fungemia might he the independent risk factor for mortality.Conclusion Candida albicans is the most frequent species of fungal infections in SLE patients.Iungs are the most prevalent location of infection.Earlier diagnosis is important.Special attention should be paid to aspergillasis.

Child ; Congresses as Topic ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; Nephrology ; Pediatrics