Objective:To investigate the Foxp3 expression in murine model of type 1 diabetes mellitus and the effects of Foxp3 in the pathogenic mechanism of type 1 diabetes mellitus.Methods:Type 1 diabetes mellitus of mouse was induced by STZ.The Foxp3 expression in the spleen cells was detected at the mRNA level by RT-PCR and at protein level by Western blot.The percentage of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells in the spleens were detected by Flow cytometry.Results:The expressing levels of Foxp3 mRNA and scurfin in the model group was higher than those of control group within the first week after induction,but the expressing level of Foxp3 mRNA and Scurfin began to decrease on day 7 and were lower than those of control group on day 30.The percentage of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells in model group was similar with that of control group within the first week after induction,but after day 7,the percentage of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells in model group began to get lower than contol group.Conclusion:The expressing level of Foxp3 is decreased,then the proportion of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells is decreased accordingly,which may contribute to the pathogenic mechanism in type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture on cerebral glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)expression of brain injury caused by intrauterine infection in neonatal rats.Methods Forty-three Wistar pregnant rats were divided into 2 groups:lipopolysaccharide(LPS)(n=35)and normal saline(n=8).Pregnant rats were consecutively injected intraperitoneally with LPS(450 ?g/kg)or saline on gestation 17 d and 18 d.LPS group were randomly divided into acupuncture group and model group.Acupuncture group were given acupunctured from 7 d to 21 d.GFAP expression was assayed with immunohistochemical technique.Results The number of GFAP immunoreaction(IR)strongly-positive neurons in the cerebral white matter was more in acupuncture group,less in model group and only very weakly IR-positive neurons were found in normal saline group.Conclusion Acupuncture can up-regulate the expression of GFAP in the cerebral white matter,which may contribute to the effect of acupuncture in improving brain injury caused by intrauterine infection.

The treatment and signaling pathway regulation effects of kidney- tonifying traditional Chinese medicine on osteoporosis have been widely studied, but without a systematic summary currently. This review comprehensively collected and analyzed the traditional Chinese medicine on the treatment and signaling pathway regulation of osteoporosis in recent ten years, such as Epimedium, Drynariae Rhizoma, Cnidium, Eucommia, Psoralen and Dipsacus. Based on the existing findings, we concluded the following conclusions: (1) kidney-tonifying traditional Chinese medicine treats osteoporosis mainly through BMP-Smads, Wnt/β-catenin, MAPK, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to promote osteoblast bone formation and through OPG/RANKL/RANK, estrogen, CTSK signaling pathway to inhibit osteo?clasts of bone resorption. ① Epimedium, Drynariae Rhizoma, Cnidium and Psoralen up-regulate the key proteins and genes of BMP-Smads and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways to promote bone formation.② Epimedium, Drynariae Rhizoma, Cnidium, Eucommia, Psoralen, Dipsacusinhibit the bone resorption by mediating the OPG/RANKL/RANK signaling pathway. (2) Kidney-tonifying traditional Chinese medicine prevent and treat osteoporosis through a variety of ways: Icariin, Naringin, Osthol, Psoralen can regulate BMP-Smads, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to promote bone formation, but also activate OPG/RANKL/RANK, CTSK and other signaling pathway to inhibit bone resorption. (3) The crosstalk of the signaling pathways and the animal experiments of the traditional Chinese medicine on the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis as well as their multi-target mechanism and comprehensive regulation need further clarification.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect and safety of periodontal-orthodontic treatment in patients with aggressive periodontitis (AgP) and malocclusion.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted in 25 AgP patients,who had received periodontal-orthodontic treatment in Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology.Clinical indexes,including probing depth (PD),bleeding index (BI) and percentage of sites with bleeding on probing (BOP％) were evaluated at three time points:Baseline (T0);active periodontal treatment finished and before orthodontic treatment (T1);and after orthodontic treatment (T2).Also changes of ratio of the residual alveolar bone height (RBH) and the occurrence of root resorption were evaluated by periapical radiographs.Results:(1) Compared with T0,all the clinical parameters including PD,BI,BOP％ and percentage of sites with PD ＞ 3 mm were significantly improved (P ＜0.001).(2) Significant difference was observed in the average RBH between T0 (68.37％ ± 15.60％ and T2 (70.27％ ± 14.23％).RBH in upper incisors [(58.79％ ± 16.71％ at T0,65.54％ (55.74％,78.13％) at T2],upper canines [77.62％ (66.06％,87.17％) at T0,79.57％ (69.75％,86.52％) at T2] and upper molars [74.30％ (61.69％,84.45％) at T0,76.76％ (68.12％,85.09％) at T2] showed significant increase (P ＜ 0.05).(3) After orthodontic treatment,varying degrees of root resorption occurred in (23.94％ ± 13.45％) of teeth per capita,among which the lower and upper incisors showed the highest incidence (68.48％ and 65.31％ in homogeneous teeth,respectively).Conclusion:After active periodontal treatment,orthodontic treatment in AgP patients had not aggravated inflammation and alveolar bone resorption;root resorption occurred in two-thirds of incisors approximately.

Objective To analyze the CT findings of melamine induced urinary calculi.Methods Nineteen children with a history of ingestion of melamine contaminated infant formula milk were studied, including 12 males and 7 females, age ranged from 50 days to 5 years.Results CT demonstrated renal pelvic and ureteral stones in 13 cases, with urinary obstruction in 9 of them.The size of the stones ranged from 0.3 cm × 0.3 cm to stag-horn calculus.The density of the stones measured from a low of 40-70 HU up to a high of 410 HU with an average density of 160 HU.Conclusion CT scan is an excellent modality in demonstrating urinary tract calculi caused by melamine. It is the method of choice when ultrasound examinations are equivocal.

AIM: To observe of cataract phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in patients with postoperative tear film, and to explore its clinical significance.
METHODS: A total of 106 patients ( 140 eyes ) undergone phacoemulsification were randomly chosen. Subjective dry foreign body sensation were observed at six nodes of period 1d, 1, 2, 3wk, and 1mo. Corneal fluorescein ( FSC ) , basal tear secretion ( SIT ) and tear film break-up time ( BUT) were used to detect functional changes of the tear film. And the correlation between tear film stability and corneal sensitivity was analyzed.
RESULTS: Dry eye cumulative score of postoperative 1d, 1, 2wk was higher than preoperative ( t= 8. 53, P=0.000;t=6. 27, P=0. 000; t=9. 02, P=0. 000). There was no significant difference in dry eye cumulative score at postoperative 3wk, 1mo compared with preoperative ( t=1.91, P= 0. 824; t= 1. 27, P= 0. 069). Corneal epithelial fluorescein staining points of postoperative 1d, 1, 2wk were increased compared with preoperative (t=11. 64, P=0. 000;t=9. 61, P=0. 000; t=8. 87, P=0. 001). There was no significant difference in corneal epithelial fluorescein staining points of postoperative 3wk and 1mo compared with preoperative (t=2. 52, P=0. 746; t=1. 16, P=0. 094). Corneal sensitivity detection values of postoperative 1d, 1, 2wk were significantly higher than that of preoperative (t=9.61, P=0.000;t=9.27, P=0.000;t=11.39, P=0.024), and there was no difference postoperative 3wk and 1mo compared with preoperative (t=1. 19, P=0. 562;t=2. 17, P=0. 501).
CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation will reduce the tear film stability in the short term, but after a long rest will be improved to a certain extent.

G,the noval insertion mutation of c.2298_2299insC is identified in Chinese patients.

Objective To explore the effects of operative time on the prognosis in patients with complicated ocular trauma undergoing vitrectomy.Methods Clinical data of 120 patients (128 eyes) with complicated ocular trauma from May 2012 to May 2017 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.Then all the subjects were divided into five groups according to the different operative time of vitrectomy,and the functioncure rate was compared in the 5 groups.Results There were 6 patients (6 eyes) receiving operation on day 0 to 5 after the injury,and the functional cure rate was 66.67％,48 patient (50 eyes) receiving operation on day 6 to 10 after the injury,followed by 32 patients (34 eyes) being functional cured with the curative rate of 68.00％,30 patient (34 eyes) receiving operation on day 11 to 15 after the injury,followed by 24patients (26 eyes) being functionally cured with the curative rate of 76.47％,18 patient (20 eyes) receiving operation on day 16 to 20 after the injury,followed by 8 patients (8eyes) being functionally cured with the curative rate of 40.00％,10 patient (10 eyes)receiving operation on day 21 to 25 after the injury,followed by 2 patients (2 eyes) being functionally cured with the curative rate of 20.00％,8 patient (8 eyes) receiving operationover 25 days after the injury,followed by 2 patients (2 eyes) being functional cured with the curative rate of 25.00％,which suggested that patients suffered the injury with 11 days to 15 days had the highest function-cure rate (all P ＜0.05).Conclusion The operative time does matter,which can affect the cure rate of patients with complicated ocular trauma undergoing vitrectomy,and the most suitable time of ocular trauma surgery is 11-15 days after the injury.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Jiawei Yupingfeng Mixture (YPF) on repeated respiratory tract infection (RRTI) and its impacts on T-cell subsets, immunoglobulin and erythrocyte immune.

METHODSTwo hundred children with RRTI were assigned equally to two groups, the test group treated with YPF and the control group treated by transfer factor. The clinical efficacy, and the changes of T-cell subsets, immunoglobulin and erythrocyte immune before and after treatment were observed in 31 patients randomly selected from each group.

RESULTSAfter treatment, the frequency of attacking was reduced and the course of attacking was shortened significantly in the test group as compared with before treatment and also with the control group (P < 0.01); IgG and IgA levels were improved in both groups, but the improvement was more significant in the test group (P<0.01, P<0.05); T-cell subsets indices, including CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+) and CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio, all improved in the test group significantly (P <0.01), while in the control group, significant improvement only showed in rising of CD3(+) and CD4(+) (P <0.05, P <0.01), comparison between groups showed significant difference in terms of CD3(+), CD4(+) and CD8(+); in the control group, levels of C3b, RFER and RFIR were changed significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01), but the improvement of ICR was insignificant, while in the test group, the above indices were significant improved as compared with after treatment of the control group (P <0.01).

CONCLUSIONYPF plays a preventive and therapeutic role in children with RRTI by way of regulating the cellular and humoral immune.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Infant ; Male ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; immunology ; prevention & control ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; Treatment Outcome

To develop a parent-metabolite pharmacokinetic model for risperidone (RIP) and its major active metabolite (9-hydroxyrisperidone) and investigate their pharmacokinetics characteristics in healthy male volunteers, twenty-two healthy volunteers were orally given a single dose of 2 mg RIP. Plasma samples were collected in the period of 96 hours and concentrations of RIP and 9-hydroxyrisperidone were measured by a validated HPLC/MS method. CYP2D6 phenotypes were identified by the T1/2 of RIP and 9-hydroxyrisperidone according to the literature. Model structure identifiability analysis was performed by the similarity transformation approach to investigate whether the unknown parameters of the proposed model could be estimated from the designed experiment. Pharmacokinetics parameters were estimated using weighted least squares method, and the final pharmacokinetics model were tested and evaluated by Monte Carlo simulation. Eighteen volunteers were phenotyped as extensive metabolizers (EM) and four volunteers were identified as intermediate metabolizers (IM). The final model included central and peripheral compartment for both parent (RIP) and metabolite (9-hydroxyrisperidone) respectively. Model structure identifiability analysis indicated that the proposed model was local identifiable. However, if the ratio of RIP converted to 9-hydroxyrisperidone was assumed to be 32% in EM, and 22% in IM, the model could be globally identifiable. The predicted time-concentration curve and AUC(0-t), C(max), T(max) of RIP and 9-hydroxyrisperidone estimated by the established model were in agreement with the observations and noncompartment analysis. Rate constant of RIP conversion to 9-hydroxyrisperidone was (0.12 +/- 0.08) h(-1) and (0.014 +/- 0.007) h(-1) for EM and IM, respectively. Elimination rate constants of RIP were (0.25 +/- 0.18) and (0.05 +/- 0.23) h(-1) for EM and IM, respectively. Model validation result showed that all parameters derived from the concentration data fitted well with the theoretical value, with mean prediction error of most PK parameter within +/- 15%. The established model well defined the disposition of RIP and 9-hydroxyrisperidone simultaneously and showed large inter-individual pharmacokinetics variation in different CYP2D6 phenotype. The model also provide a useful approach to characterize pharmacokinetics of other parent-metabolite drugs.
Adult ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 ; physiology ; Humans ; Isoxazoles ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Monte Carlo Method ; Paliperidone Palmitate ; Pyrimidines ; pharmacokinetics ; Risperidone ; pharmacokinetics