Modern medical ethics adopts the model of ethical analysis based on principles which contain the characteristics of clarity,definitude and succinctness.To some extent,this model of ethical analysis accommodates pluralism and avoids relativism.However,in the particular decision-making of medical ethics,there may be conflicts among the different moral principles,which cause difficult moral problems.This article tries to rank and demonstrate the order of four basic principles in medical ethics in order to provide a specific thought for resolving difficult moral problems caused by conflicting principles.

OBJECTIVETo assess the feasibility and safety of robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RLRP) in the treatment of prostate cancer.

METHODSUsing the da Vinci robot surgical system, we performed RLRP for 34 patients with localized prostate cancer and analyzed the intraoperative and follow-up data.

RESULTSThe procedures were performed successfully in all the patients, with the mean operation time of 198 min (range 135-340 min), average blood loss of 257 ml (range 50-700 ml), and 1 case of blood transfusion, but no postoperative complications. Three cases had positive surgical margins. Postoperative examination at 4 weeks showed PSA > 0.2 microg/L in 2 cases, suggestive of residual tumor, for which maximal androgen block therapy was administered. The other 32 patients were followed up for 3-10 (mean 7.5) months, during which the average level of serum tPSA remained < 0.2 microg/L. Urinary continence was found in 94% (32/34) and 97% (33/34) of the patients at 3 and 6 months, respectively, of whom 77% (26/34) and 88% (30/34) had no urinary leakage (0 pad per day).

CONCLUSIONRLRP, with its advantages of less perioperative blood loss, low rate of positive margin, and good urinary continence, is a safe and effective surgical option for the treatment of prostate cancer.

Aged ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatectomy ; methods ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Robotics

Animals ; Anti-HIV Agents ; pharmacology ; HIV ; drug effects ; genetics ; physiology ; HIV Infections ; drug therapy ; immunology ; virology ; Humans ; Mucous Membrane ; immunology ; virology ; Virus Replication ; drug effects

Acute Disease ; Animals ; Female ; Hypoxia ; physiopathology ; Male ; Microcirculation ; physiology ; Rats ; Splanchnic Circulation ; physiology ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood

Adult ; Female ; Food Industry ; manpower ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Smoking ; epidemiology ; Thiocyanates ; urine

Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Lymphoproliferative Disorders ; classification ; pathology ; virology

Chromosome Aberrations ; Cytogenetic Analysis ; standards ; Humans ; Multiple Myeloma ; diagnosis ; genetics

Dendritic Cells ; cytology ; immunology ; virology ; HIV ; physiology ; HIV Infections ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunity, Mucosal ; immunology ; Mucous Membrane ; cytology ; immunology ; Virus Attachment ; Virus Internalization

Background:Upon inhibition of STAT3 signaling pathway,cucurbitacin-I elicits anticancer effect in various malignancies. However,the anticancer effect and underlying mechanism of cucurbitacin-I in gastric cancer is still elusive. Aims:To explore the effect of low nanomolar cucurbitacin-I on cell proliferation,cell cycle and apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells and the underlying mechanism in vitro. Methods:Human gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines AGS and HGC-27 were treated with cucurbitacin-I at low nanomolar concentration. The anti-proliferative effect of cucurbitacin-I was detected by CCK-8 assay and colony formation assay. Flow cytometry was used to assess the cell cycle and apoptosis. Expressions of cell cycle-related proteins,as well as activation of related pathways such as caspase-3 / PARP apoptotic pathway,STAT3, GADD45α and JNK/ p38 MAPK signaling pathways were determined by Western blotting. Results:Cucurbitacin-I markedly inhibited the growth of gastric cancer cells at low nanomolar concentration by inducing G2 / M phase arrest and apoptosis via a STAT3-independent manner. Furthermore,it was revealed that the anticancer effect of cucurbitacin-I was associated with up-regulation of GADD45α,activation of JNK/ p38 MAPK signaling pathway and the subsequent apoptotic events. Conclusions:The present study provides new insights into the mechanism of anticancer effect of cucurbitacin-I, supporting cucurbitacin-I as an attractive therapeutic drug in gastric cancer.

Objective To discuss the significance of the application of real-time quantitative PCR(RQ PCR)for diagnosis and guidance therapy of cytomegalovirus(CMV)infection after allo- hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT).Methods Thirty-three patients were undergo- ing allo-HSCT.After hematopoietic reconstitution,patients'peripheral blood samples were detected for CMV DNA by RQ-PCR periodically.Anti-viral therapy was begun,attenuated and stopped ac- cording to the results of CMV DNA detection.The effects of anti-viral therapy and patients' clinical results were observed.Results CMV DNA was detected in blood samples from 13 of 33 patients. There were 21 episodes in these patients.Only 1 episode wasn't controlled hecause the patient gave up the therapy.CMV DNA copies were disappeared soon or decreased and then disappeared during anti-viral therapy in the others'.Patients which had symptoms and/or dysfunction of organs were cured too.Each course of anti-viral therapy was shorter than ordinary course.Conclusions CMV in- fection can he diagnosed as early as possible by RQ PCR.To begin,attenuate and stop anti-viral ther- apy according to the results of RQ-PCR is safe.The course is shortened and the side effects of anti vi- ral drugs were attenuated.