Acupuncture Points ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bloodletting ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Pruritus ; therapy

Objective To investigate the toxicity of levodopa and dopamine on PC12 cells and neuroprotection of several anti-Parkinson drugs i.e. amantadine,pergolide and selegiline. Methods The possible cytotoxicity of levodopa and dopamine at different dosage on rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells and the effects of some anti-Parkinson drugs (amantadine,pergolide and selegiline) on levodopa- or dopamine-induced cytotoxicity were determined by MTT assay and flow cytometry. Results There was a concentration- and time-dependent decrease in cell viability and a concentration-dependent increase in apoptotic cells induced by levodopa and dopamine ( P

Background To establish the ideal animal model of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is very important for onward relevant study.Previous research determined that N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) can selectively damage photoreceptors via intravenous injection in mammal.However,whether MNU can be used to create an RP model needs to be investigated.Objective This experiment was designed to evaluate the toxic effect of MNU on photoreceptor cells of cats.Methods MNU was injected into 20 2-year-old cats via femoral vein and randomized into 20mg/kg, 25mg/kg, 30mg/kg, 35mg/kg and 40mg/kg MNU groups,and equal amount of normal saline solution was used in the same way in 4 normal cats as the control group.The activity,pupil size and light reflex were observed after injection of MNU.The cats were sacrificed and eyeballs were enucleated for histological examination to evaluate the structural and morphological changes of photoreceptors at 24 hours,72 hours,7 days and 14 days after the administration of MNU.This experimental study complied with the Statement for the Use of Animals in Ophthalmic and Vision Research.Results Dilated pupil and inertia of light reaction were found in experimental cats on the 7th days in the various groups.In 24 hours after MNU injection,the damage of photoreceptors was primarily characterized by pyknosis and disorder.In 72 hours after MNU injection,attenuation of the outer nuclear layer and disruption of cells were seen.Loss of photoreceptors and disappearance of the outer nuclear layer were observed on the 7th and 14th day.The extent of retinal photoreceptor cell damage was dependent on the dose of MNU.Conclusion MNU can selectively induce serious damage of the photoreceptor cells in cats retina in a time- and dose-dependent manner.

Objective To make a further recongnizing of the manifestations of diffuse axonal injury (DAI)on CT images for the early accurate clinical diagnosis.Methods The CT image data and its correlated clinic features of 56 cases with diffuse axonal injury(44 male,12 female)were analyzed retrospectively.In this series,43 cases were caused by traffic accident,13 by falling from high place.Results 1. 44 cases had haemorrhage lesions(less than 2 cm in diameter)in brain parenchyma which were at the corticomedullary junction,corpus callosum,brain stem,basal ganglia,internal capsule.2. 41 cases had subarachnoid and/or intraventricular hemorrhage 3. 9 cases had acute generalized brain swelling 4. 5 cases were associated with epidural hematoma and 16 with subdural hematoma.Conclusion CT manifestation of DAI have some featrues,and can provide reliable evidence for accurate clinic diagnosis of DAI.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the inclusion process of the volatile oil of Pogostemon cablin and Acorus tatarinowii in Xiaoyu anshen capsule.METHODS:The inclusion process was carried out by saturated water solution method.And the inclusion process was optimized by orthogonal experiment with the inclusion ratio and yield of the volatile oil as indexes taking the ratio of volatile oil to ?-CD,the temperature and the time of inclusion as factors.The physical phase of the inclusion complex was detected by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).RESULTS:The optimum inclusion process was established as follows:the ratio of oil to ?-CD=1∶8;the ratio of water to ?-CD=10∶1;the inclusion time was 1h and the inclusion temperature was 50 ℃.The inclusion rate was as high as 90%.The DSC revealed that a new physical phase has been formed for the inclusion complex.CONCLUSION:The intermolecular inclusion complex with good stability and high yield of volatile oil could be obtained from the optimized inclusion process.

Abstract: Objective　To screening new compounds that can inhibit the growth and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus. Methods　Compounds that can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus were screened from the FDA approved drug library by 96 well plates. The absorbance value of 600 nm wavelength (OD600) was measured by Microplate Reader to detect the growth of Staphylococcus aureus planktonic cells in the culture supernatant. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ozanimod against Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates were detected by micro broth dilution method. The inhibitory effect of sub-inhibitory concentrations of ozanimod on the biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus was detected by crystal violet staining. Results　This study found that ozanimod could significantly inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus SA113 (screening reference strain), and the MIC was 25.00 μmol/L. The MIC of ozanimod against 119 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus [65 isolates of methicillin sensitive (MSSA) and 54 isolates of methicillin resistant (MRSA)] was 12.50 or 25.00 μmol/L. The MIC50 and MIC90 of ozanimod against the 119 Staphylococcus aureus isolates all were 25.00 μmol/L. This study found that 6.25, 12.50, 25.00 μmol/L of ozanimod could significantly inhibit the biofilm formation of 2 MSSA and 2 MRSA. The sub-MIC concentration of ozanimod (12.50 μmol/L) could significantly inhibit the biofilm formation of 14 MSSA and 11 MRSA, but had no inhibitory effect on the growth of planktonic cells of these Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Conclusion　Ozanimod can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, including MRSA, and has good antibacterial activity. The sub-MIC concentration of ozanimod could significantly inhibit the biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus.

Polydatin is a monocrystaline compound isolated from Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. (Polygonaceae) with biological properties, such as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative and nephroprotective effects. Increasing number of studies have demonstrated the protective effect of polydatin on renal ischemia reperfusion injury. However, the possible mechanisms of this protection are not fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the effect of polydatin on ischemia-reperfusion induced expression of toll-like receptor4 (TLR4) in rat renal tubular epithelia cells (NRK-52E), and analyze the mechanism of polydatin on TLR4 signal pathway. The cultured NRK-52E cells were incubated in three gas incubators for a period of 6 h at hypoxia and 24h at reoxygenation to simulate the ischemia-reperfusion injury in vitro. TLR4 mRNA level was analyzed by real-time-PCR, and the protein expression of TLR4 and NF-κB by Western blotting, while TNF-α and IL-1β proteins expressions were detected by ELISA. Polydatin downregulated I/R induced mRNA and protein expressions of TLR4, and decreased the protein expression of NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-1β. The TLR4 blocker partially antagonized the effect of I/R on NF-κB signaling, and such inhibitory effect was markedly enhanced by polydatin. In the present study, polydatin protects NRK-52E cells from I/R injury possibly by relieving the inflammatory response through regulation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Animals ; Cell Line ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Glucosides ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Rats ; Reperfusion Injury ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Stilbenes ; pharmacology ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; genetics ; metabolism

The effects of ultrafine grinding on the dissolution rates of the effective components in Sanjie Zhentong capsule (SZC) were studied in this experiment. Fine and ultrafine powder of SZC intermediates were made by ordinary grinding and ultrafine grinding technology, and then granulated by wet granulation. SZC were prepared by fine powder, ultrafine powder and ultrafine granules, respectively. With resveratrol and loureirin B as investigated indexes, dissolution rates of the four intermediates in SZC were determined by cup method and HPLC. The dissolution rates of resveratrol in SZC prepared by fine powder, ultrafine powder and ultrafine granules were 26.11%, 63.27%, 67.49%, respectively; and the dissolution rates of loureirin B were 7.160%, 20.29%, 23.05%, respectively. The dissolution rate of resveratrol and loureirin B in SZC prepared by ultrafine granules was the best. D90 size of ultrafine grinding was 13.221 μm and could improve the dissolution rates of resveratrol and loureirin B in SZC.
Capsules ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Silicones ; chemistry ; Solubility ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

HIV Infections ; immunology ; HIV-1 ; genetics ; immunology ; Humans ; Mutation ; T-Lymphocytes ; immunology

An in vitro model was built for researching the effects of strain on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The cultured VSMCs was stretched by four-support-bending-beam system, then the project area of cells was measured by computer-image-processing, the adhesion force was measured by micropipette-aspirating system, the α-actin of VSMCs was distinguished by immunocytochemistry and the dynamic of VSMCs was determined by FCM. The results show that: (1) The adhesion force of VSMCs is positively related to time. The adhesion force of unit area is indistinct after stretched for four hour. (2) The amount of α-actin increases with stretching time. (3) The proliferation of VSMCs is a little inhibited by stretched 24 h. These results suggest that the VSMCs in vitro could adjust their behavious to adapt the tension.