As traditional Chinese medicine components have become a hotspot in the field of traditional Chinese medicine study, they have followed a development trend of diversity and false identification. In studies on a new modem product, we shall encourage the diversified development mode, but avoid the false concept identification of traditional Chinese medicine components. In this paper, by analyzing the current development of traditional Chinese medicine components and problems, we discussed the standardization of traditional Chinese medicine components, with the aim of reducing and avoiding the situations to study non-traditional Chinese medicine components as traditional Chinese medicine components.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; standards ; Reference Standards

Objective To discuss Buyang-huanwu decoction preventing the formation of lower limb deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after major orthopedic surgery.Methods 60 patients were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group.The treatment group was treated with oral liquid of Buyang-huanwu,twice a day; while the control group was treated with 5000IU of low molecular heparin through subcutaneous injection,once daily.Prothrombin time (PT),activated partial thromboplatin time (APTT),fibrinogen (FIB),D-dimer,lower limb deep vein color B ultrasonic and the wound flow changes after 48 hours were observed at 1st,7th,and 14th day after medication.Results ①)Comparison on the incidence of DVT:The incidence of DVT in the treatment group was higher than the control group at 7th day after medication,this incidence turn to equal in the two groups at the 14th day after medication,while at the end of therapy,the incidence of DVT in the treatment group was lower than the control group with significant difference (P＜0.05).②Comparison on D-dimer changes:D-dimer at the 1st and 14th day were (0.782 ± 0.472) mg/1 and (0.320 ± 0.102) mg/1 in the treatment group and (0.720±0.421)mg/1 and (0.417 ± 0.217) mg/l in the control group.Comparing with the same group before treatment [the treatment group was(0.548±0.245)mg/1; the control group was (0.560±0.195) mg/l],D-dimer was increased at the 1 st day with obvious difference (P＜ 0.05),but reduced at the 14th day,without statistical difference (P＞0.05).Conclusion Buyang-huanwu decoction did not show good effects as low molecular heparin at the beginning of the treatment,but the its whole therapeutic effects and safety was better in treating lower limb deep vein thrombosis after major orthopedic surgery.

Objective:To investigate the protective effect of dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO) on axon degeneration.(Methods: Cultured) rat superior cervical ganglia were treated with DMSO(100%,10 ?l) per well to disconnect axons from the cell bodies.SCGs in DMSO control group were treated with a mixture of DMSO(10 ?l) and medium (2 ml) per well;in positive control group were transfected with herpes simplex virus over-expressing Wld~S protein and the cell body was eliminated;and in blank control group were treated with 10 ?l PBS.The separated axons were fixed with 4% poly formaldehyde at 0,4,8,12 and 24 h after treatment with DMSO for immunostaining with specific antibody to microtubulin.Thus,the changes of axonal structure were investigated.The axonal protein was collected and the degeneration of neurofilament was detected by Western Blotting.Results: In DMSO disconnected group,the axonal morphology and structure showed no obvious change at 12 h post disconnection,but slight degeneration was observed at 24 h post disconnection.The degradation of microtubulin was obviously slowed down and their axonal structures maintained intact 12 h later.The neurofilament could be detected 12 h after disconnection.The above changes in disconnected group were similar to those in positive control group.No obvious protective effects on axonal degeneration were observed in blank and DMSO control groups.Conclusion: Local high concentration of DMSO can delay axonal degeneration,which indicates that DMSO can be used for adjuvant treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

Objective:To do intelligence test in neurotics.Method:30 neurotics were tested by WAIS-RC.Results:The sub-score of digit span in neurotics was lower than norm(p

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical value and pathological basis of peritumoral hyperenhanced rim (PHR) of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) on CEUS.MethodsCEUS images of 53 patients with 54 renal tumors (27 RCCs,27 renal angiomyolipomas) were analyzed,and the detection and distribution of PHR were evaluated.HE staining and immunohistochemistry of CD34 were performed in tissue surrounding RCCs (TSR) to observe distribution of psuedocapsule,large vessels,and microvasculars among TSR with different modes of PHR.ResultsPHR was found only in RCCs.PHR distribution between RCCs and angiomyolipomas was statistically different (P＜0.05).Using PHR to diagnose RCC,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,false positive and false negative was 44.44％ (12/27),100％ (27/27),100％ (12/12),64.29％ (27/42),0 (0/27) and 35.71％ (15/42),respectively.Pseudocapsule distribution between RCCs with PHR and RCCs without PHR was not statistically different (P＞ 0.05).There were rich large blood vessels in TSR with PHR in washin and both phases,and few or thimbleful large vessels were found in TSR without PHR in washout phase.Cancer tissue near the boundary (CTNB) of TSR had the highest microvessel density (MVD).MVD differences in different TSR with PHR were statistically different between washin and washout phases,washin and both phases,both phases with PHR and without PHR (P＜0.05),but no statistical difference was found between washout and both phases (P＞0.05).ConclusionPHR is a highly specific complementary indicator in diagnosing RCC,and it is correlated with rich blood vessels in TSR and (or) a higher MVD value in CTNB.

Applying combined PBL and traditional teaching method to medical chemistry experimental teaching.Questionnaire and course examination were used to evaluate teaching ef-fect.The conclusion was that PBL teaching method was more helpful and effective than that of single traditional teaching method.

The Qinghai⁃Tibet Plateau is known as one of the highest endemic areas of echinococcosis However，the dog infection rates of Echinococcus granulosus in the plateau regions were similar to other non⁃Tibetan areas with the high endemic，and most of the rates were below 40%. The infected dogs with E. multilocularis were ubiquitous in Ganzi Prefecture of Sichuan Province and Qinghai Province where many survey data were done and available，which was much different from those in non⁃Ti⁃betan areas where the geographical distribution of dogs infected with E. multilocularis was sporadic. The total infection rates of Echinococcus in dogs kept stable from 1983 to 2009 in Ganzi Prefecture of Sichuan Province and did not show much variation from 2000 to 2014 in Qinghai Province as well. Since 2006，the national comprehensive prevention and control strategy and mea⁃ sures against echinococcosis have been launched in China，and significant progress has been made. In the endemic Tibetan area of Sichuan，the general Echinococcus infection rates in dogs were 28.10%，15.87%，19.22%，3.28% and 1.11% from 2009 to 2013，respectively，and the Echinococcus coproantigen⁃positive rate in Gannan Prefecture of Gansu Province and parts of Qing⁃ hai Province also decreased. This paper reviews the literature on the characteristics of dog infections in the Qinghai⁃Tibetan Plateau，so as to provide useful information to support echinococcosis control and prevention there.

Background Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) is a gold standard of intraocular pressure measurement.But its utilization iS limited because of its complexity and high requirement of cooperation.iCare rebound tonometer (iCare RBT) is a new type of applanation tonometry,and its accuracy and safety in clinical application need to be evaluated.Objective Present study was to investigate the reproducibility and tolerability of iCare RBT and its measurement agreement with GAT over a wide intraocular pressure (IOP) range. Methods The IOP were measured in bilateral eyes of 36 glaucoma and glaucoma suspect patients by 2 examinees with iCare RBT at the 1-minute interval to assess the interobserver reproducibility.Then the IOP of both eyes from 56 Subjeets and other 52 subjects were separately measured twice for each by two operators with iCare RBT for the evaluation of intraobserver reproducibility.Finally.IOP of 182 eyes of 92 glaucoma and glaucoma suspect patients was obtained by examiner 2 with RBT first and examiner 1 with GAT subsequently at a 2.minute interval in a masked fashion to perform an agreement evaluation of two readings by using Bland-Ahman method.The tolerance of subjects to iCare RBT measurement were surveyed.Oral informed consent was obtained prior to the IOP measurement. Results Concerning the iCare RBT readings.interobserver correlation coefficients were 0.937 in the right eye and 0.887 in the left eye.Intraobserver correlation coefficients of examiner 1 were 0.986 in the left eyes and 0.969 in the fight eyes.And those of examiner 2 were 0.990 and 0.979.Mcan values of iCare RBT readings and GAT were(18.74±8.36)mmHg and(19.33±8.20)mmHg and the mean difference values(iCare-GAT)was(-0.59 4±2.60)mmHg with the 95%confidence interval of -5.80-4.60 mmHg.The correlation coefficient between two modalities of IOP measurement WaS 0.95 1.No severe pain and discomfort were complained in all the subjects during or after measurement of iCare RBT. Conclusion iCare RBT has good interobserver and intraobserver reproducibility and good tolerance.It was proved that this is a good correlation between iCare RBT readings and GAT readings.

Objective To investigate the role of Beclin 1 in the genesis and development of osteosarcoma and the effect of Beclin 1 overexpression on the growth of the in vitro osteosarcoma cell line MG63.Methods Real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot were used to detect the expressions of Beclin 1 in MG63 and hFOB1.19 at mRNA and protein levels ; A eukaryotic clone of plasmid pEGFP/Beclinl fusion with protein EGFP/Beclin 1 was constructed and was transfected into human osteosarcoma cell line MG63 by using lipofectamine 2000.The effect of Beclin1 overexpressions on the proliferation of MG63 cells was evaluated by MTT assay.Cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytomerty(FCM).Results The mRNA and protein expression of Beclin1 in human osteosarcoma cell line MG63 was significantly lower than that in the human osteoblast cell line hFOB1.19(0.17 ±0.06 vs 0.43 ±0.11,t =29.493,P ＜0.01 ; 0.13 ±0.05 vs.0.25 ± 0.08,t =6.325,P ＜ 0.01).The transfection of pEGFP/Beclinl increased the mRNA levels of human osteosarcoma(5.34 ± 0.50) times in transfected tumor cells MG63.The rate of cell apoptosis was low in control or transfected with lipofectamine 2000 only cells at an average of(0.10 ± 0.05) ％.The apoptosis rate was significantly higher in pEGFP/Beclin1 transfected cells than control cells ((4.3 ± 0.8) ％,t =5.752,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with control cells,Bedin1 is down-regulated in the human osteosarcoma cell line MG63,which indicate the role of Beclin 1 in regulating the malignant behaviors of osteosarcoma.Beclin1 overexpressions inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in MG63 cells.

BACKGROUND:Stem cel s with wide variety of sources have the potential of differentiation and self-renewal. In additional, autologous stem cel s can avoid immune rejection after transplantation, and thus it has become one of the most promising alternative strategies for tissue/organ transplantation. However, due to the adverse environments at injured sites, such as oxidative stress and inflammation, current stem cel transplantation efficacy is relatively low. OBJECTIVE:To review the effects of oxidative stress on stem cel s and on their transplantation efficiency as wel as relevant mechanisms. METHODS:PubMed database was searched by the first author for relevant articles about stem cel s published from 1990 to 2015. The keywords were“stem cel transplantation, stem cel , oxidative stress, molecular mechanism”. After eliminating literatures which had poor authority or similar content, 97 articles were involved in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Different types of stem cel s have different basal endogenous antioxidant stress levels. Oxidative stress through multiple molecular pathways causes cel aging, apoptosis and cancer, which also can result in apoptosis of cancer cel s. Stem cel s can adjust endogenous antioxidant levels through multiple paths. To improve the endogenous antioxidant stress level using a variety of methods can increase stem cel transplantation efficiency and prevent stem cel cancerization due to oxidative stress, which makes the clinical application of stem cel transplantation therapy safer and more popular.